[3] αἱ μὲν δὴ τῶν Σαβίνων πόλεις ὡς κατεστρατηγημέναι καὶ οὐκ ἀρετῇ τὴν νίκην ἀφῃρημέναι πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων, [p. 387] ἀλλὰ δόλῳ μείζονας αὖθις ἀποστέλλειν δυνάμεις παρεσκευάζοντο καὶ στρατηγὸν ἐμπειρότερον. ὁ δὲ Ταρκύνιος μαθὼν τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν συνῆγε τὴν στρατιὰν διὰ τάχους καὶ πρὶν ἐκείνους ἅπαντας δὴ
[3] The Sabine cities, feeling that they had been outmanoeuvred and deprived of the victory by their foes, not by valour but by deceit, were preparing to send out again a more numerous army and a more experienced commander. But Tarquinius, being informed of their intention, hastily collected his army, and before the enemy’s forces were all assembled, forestalled them by crossing the river Anio.
[4] συνελθεῖν φθάνει διαβὰς τὸν Ἀνίητα ποταμόν. ταῦτα μαθὼν ὁ τῶν Σαβίνων στρατηγὸς ἐξῄει μὲν ὡς εἶχε τάχους τὴν νεωστὶ συνηγμένην δύναμιν ἀναλαβὼν καὶ στρατοπεδεύεται πλησίον τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐπὶ λόφου τινὸς ὑψηλοῦ καὶ ἀποτόμου, μάχης δὲ ἄρχειν οὐκ ἐδοκίμαζεν ἕως αἱ λοιπαὶ τῶν Σαβίνων δυνάμεις συνέλθωσιν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τοὺς προνομεύοντας τὴν χώραν ἐκπέμπων ἀεί τινας τῶν ἱππέων καὶ λόχους ἐγκαθίζων ὕλαις ἢ νάπαις εἶργε τοὺς Ῥωμαίους τῶν ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν ἐξόδων.
[4] Upon learning of this the Sabine general marched out with his newly raised army as speedily as possible and encamped near the Romans upon a high and steep hill; however, he judged it inadvisable to engage in battle till he was joined by the rest of the Sabine forces, but by continually sending some of the cavalry against the enemy’s foragers and placing ambuscades in the woods and glades he barred the Romans from the roads leading into his country.
[1] τοῦτον δὲ τὸν τρόπον αὐτοῦ χρωμένου τῷ πολέμῳ πολλαὶ μὲν συμπλοκαὶ καὶ κατ᾽ ὀλίγους ψιλῶν τε καὶ ἱππέων ἐγίνοντο, μάχη δὲ ὁλοσχερὴς ἁπάντων οὐδεμία. ἑλκομένου δὲ τοῦ χρόνου δι᾽ ὀργῆς φέρων τὴν διατριβὴν ὁ Ταρκύνιος ἐπὶ τὴν παρεμβολὴν τῶν πολεμίων τὰς δυνάμεις ἔκρινεν ἄγειν καὶ πολλὰς ἐποιήσατο προσβολάς.
[65.1] While the Sabine general was conducting the war in this manner many skirmishes took place between small parties both of the light-armed foot and the horse, but no general action between all the forces. The time being thus protracted, Tarquinius was angered at the delay and resolved to lead his army against the enemy’s camp; and he attacked it repeatedly.
[2] ἔπειτα καταμαθὼν τῷ βιαίῳ τῶν τρόπων οὐ ῥᾳδίαν οὖσαν αὐτὴν ἁλῶναι διὰ τὴν ἐχυρότητα τῇ σπάνει τῶν ἐπιτηδείων πολεμεῖν τοῖς ἐν αὐτῇ διέγνω, καὶ παρὰ πάσας τὰς φερούσας: ἐπ᾽ αὐτὴν ὁδοὺς φρούρια κατασκευαζόμενος, ξυλίζεσθαί τε αὐτοὺς καὶ χιλὸν ἵπποις συναγαγεῖν [p. 388] καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ ἐπιτήδεια λαμβάνειν ἐκ τῆς χώρας οὐκ ἐῶν εἰς πολλὴν κατέστησεν ἁπάντων ἀπορίαν: ὥστ᾽ ἠναγκάσθησαν φυλάξαντες νύκτα χειμέριον ὕδασι καὶ ἀνέμῳ φυγεῖν αἰσχρῶς ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος καταλιπόντες ἐν αὐτῷ τά τε ὑποζύγια καὶ τὰς σκηνὰς καὶ τοὺς τραυματίας καὶ τὴν εἰς τὸν πόλεμον παρασκευὴν ἅπασαν.
[2] Then, finding that it could not easily be taken by forcible means, because of its strength, he determined to reduce those within by famine; and by building forts upon all the roads that led to the camp and hindering them from going out to get wood for themselves and forage for their horses and from procuring many other necessities from the country, he reduced them to so great a shortage of everything that they were obliged to take advantage of a stormy night of rain and wind and flee from their camp in a shameful manner, leaving behind them their beasts of burden, their tents, their wounded, and all their warlike stores.
[3] τῇ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ μαθόντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν ἄπαρσιν αὐτῶν καὶ γενόμενοι τοῦ χάρακος ἀμαχητὶ κύριοι σκηνὰς μὲν καὶ ὑποζύγια καὶ χρήματα διήρπασαν, τοὺς δὲ αἰχμαλώτους ἀπάγοντες εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην ἀνέστρεψαν. οὗτος ὁ πόλεμος ἔτη πέντε διέμεινε συνεχῶς πολεμούμενος, ἐν ᾧ γῆν ἀμφότεροι τὴν ἀλλήλων πορθοῦντες καὶ μάχας πολλὰς ἐλάττους τε καὶ μείζους μαχόμενοι διετέλεσαν, ὀλίγα μέν τινα καὶ τῶν Σαβίνων εὐτυχούντων ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι, τὰ δὲ πλεῖστα Ῥωμαίων: ἐν δὲ τῇ τελευταίᾳ μάχῃ τέλος ἔλαβεν ὁλοσχερές.
[3] The next day the Romans, learning of their departure, took possession of their camp without opposition and after seizing the tents, the beasts of burden, and the personal effects, returned to Rome with the prisoners. This war continued to be waged for five years in succession, and in its course both sides continually plundered one another’s country and engaged in many battles, some of lesser and some of greater importance, the advantage occasionally resting with the Sabines but usually with the Romans; in the last battle, however, the war came to a definite end.
[4] Σαβῖνοι γὰρ οὐχ ὡς πρότερον ἐκ διαδοχῆς, ἀλλ᾽ ἅμα πάντες οἱ στρατεύσιμον ἔχοντες ἡλικίαν ἐξῆλθον ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον, Ῥωμαῖοί τε σύμπαντες τὰς Λατίνων καὶ Τυρρηνῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συμμάχων δυνάμεις παραλαβόντες ἐχώρουν ὁμόσε τοῖς πολεμίοις.
[4] The Sabines, it seems, did not as before go forth to war in successive bands, but all who were any other an age to bear arms went out together; and all the Romans, with the forces of the Latins, the Tyrrhenians and the rest of their allies, were advancing to meet the enemy.
[5] ὁ μὲν οὖν τῶν Σαβίνων στρατηγὸς διχῇ μερίσας τὰς δυνάμεις δύο ποιεῖται στρατόπεδα, ὁ δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς τρία ποιήσας τάγματα καὶ τρεῖς παρεμβολὰς οὐ μακρὰν ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων θέμενος [p. 389] αὐτὸς μὲν τῆς Ῥωμαϊκῆς ἡγεῖτο δυνάμεως, Ἀρρόντα δὲ τὸν ἀδελφιδοῦν τῆς Τυρρηνικῆς συμμαχίας ἀπέδειξε στρατηγόν:
[5] The Sabine general, dividing his forces, formed two camps, while the Roman king made three divisions of his troops and pitched three camps not far apart. He commanded the Roman contingent himself and made his nephew Arruns leader of the Tyrrhenian auxiliaries,
[6] Λατίνων δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συμμάχων ἔταξεν ἄρχειν ἄνδρα γενναῖον μὲν τὰ πολέμια καὶ φρονεῖν τὰ δέοντα ἱκανώτατον, ξένον δὲ καὶ ἄπολιν: Σερούϊος αὐτῷ προσηγορικον ὄνομα ἦν, Τύλλιος δὲ τὸ συγγενικόν: ᾧ Ῥωμαῖοι μετὰ τὴν Λευκίου Ταρκυνίου τελευτὴν βασιλεύειν τῆς πόλεως ἐ�
�έτρεψαν οὐκ οὔσης Ταρκυνίῳ γενεᾶς ἄρρενος, ἀγάμενοι τὸν ἄνδρα τῆς τε περὶ τὰ πολιτικὰ καὶ τῆς περὶ τὰ πολέμια ἀρετῆς. γένος δὲ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε καὶ τροφὰς καὶ τύχας καὶ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ θείου γενομένην περὶ αὐτὸν ἐπιφάνειαν, ὅταν κατὰ τοῦτο γένωμαι τὸ μέρος τοῦ λόγου, διηγήσομαι.
[6] while over the Latins and the other allies he placed a man who was valiant in warfare and of most competent judgment, but a foreigner without a country. This man’s first name was Servius and his family name Tullius; it was he whom the Romans, after the death of Lucius Tarquinius without male issue, permitted to rule the state, since they admired him for his abilities in both peace and war. But I shall give an account of this man’s birth, education and fortunes and of the divine manifestation made with regard to him when I come to that part of my narrative.
[1] τότε δ᾽ οὖν, ἐπειδὴ παρεσκεύαστο ἀμφοτέροις τὰ πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐπιτήδεια, συνῄεσαν εἰς μάχην, εἶχον δὲ τὸ μὲν εὐώνυμον κέρας οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, τὸ δὲ δεξιὸν οἱ Τυρρηνοί, κατὰ μέσην δὲ τὴν φάλαγγα Λατῖνοι ἐτάχθησαν. γενομένου δὲ ἀγῶνος καρτεροῦ δι᾽ ὅλης ἡμέρας ἐνίκων οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι παρὰ πολὺ καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν ἀποκτείναντες τῶν πολεμίων ἐν τῇ μάχῃ γενομένους ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς, πολλῷ δ᾽ ἔτι πλείους αἰχμαλώτους λαβόντες ἐν τῇ φυγῇ, τῶν δὲ παρεμβολῶν ἀμφοτέρων ἐγκρατεῖς γενόμενοι καὶ χρημάτων μέγαν περιβαλόμενοι πλοῦτον ἀδεῶς ἤδη τῆς ὑπαίθρου πάσης ἐκράτουν, ἣν πυρὶ καὶ σιδήρῳ καὶ πᾶσι λωβησάμενοι κακοῖς, ἐπειδὴ τὸ θέρος ἐτελεύτα, [p. 390] λύσαντες τὰς παρεμβολὰς ἀπῄεσαν ἐπ᾽ οἴκου. καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ταρκύνιος τρίτον ἐπὶ τῆς ἰδίας ἀρχῆς τὸν ἐκ τῆς2δε τῆς μάχης κατήγαγε θρίαμβον.
[66.1] On this occasion, then, when both armies had made the necessary preparations for the struggle, they engaged; the Romans were posted on the left wing, the Tyrrhenians on the right, and the Latins in the centre of the line. After a hard battle that lasted the whole day the Romans were far superior; and having slain many of the enemy, who had acquitted themselves as brave men, and having taken many more of them prisoners in the rout, they possessed themselves of both Sabine camps, where they seized a rich store of booty. And now being masters of all the open country without fear of opposition, they laid it waste with fire and sword and every kind of injury; but as the summer drew to an end, they broke camp and returned home. And King Tarquinius in honour of this victory triumphed for the third time during his own reign.
[2] τῷ δ᾽ ἑξῆς ἐνιαυτῷ παρασκευαζομένου πάλιν τοῦ βασιλέως στρατὸν ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις τῶν Σαβίνων ἐξάγειν καὶ πολιορκίαις αὐτὰς προσάγεσθαι διεγνωκότος, γενναῖον μὲν οὐδὲν ἔτι βούλευμα καὶ νεανικὸν οὐδεμιᾶς ἐγένετο, πᾶσαι δὲ κοινῇ γνώμῃ χρησάμεναι πρὶν εἰς κίνδυνον ἐλθεῖν ἀνδραποδισμοῦ καὶ κατασκαφῆς καταλύσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον ἔγνωσαν.
[2] The following year, when he was preparing to lead his army once more against the cities of the Sabines and had determined to reduce them by siege, there was not one of those cities that any longer took any brave or vigorous resolution, but all unanimously determined, before incurring the risk of slavery for themselves and the razing of their cities, to put an end to the war.
[3] καὶ παρῆσαν ἐξ ἑκάστης πόλεως οἱ κράτιστοι τῶν Σαβίνων πρὸς βασιλέα Ταρκύνιον ἐξεληλυθότα μετὰ πάσης ἤδη δυνάμεως παραδιδόντες αὐτῷ τὰ τείχη καὶ δεόμενοι μετρίας ποιήσασθαι τὰς συμβάσεις. ὁ δὲ ἀσπαστῶς δεξάμενος τὴν ἄνευ κινδύνων ὑποταγὴν τοῦ ἔθνους σπονδάς τε ποιεῖται πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὑπὲρ εἰρήνης τε καὶ φιλίας ἐπὶ ταῖς αὐταῖς ὁμολογίαις, αἷς Τυρρηνοὺς πρότερον ὑπηγάγετο, καὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἀπέδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἄνευ λύτρων.
[3] And the most important men among the Sabines came from every city to King Tarquinius, who had already taken the field with all his forces, to deliver up their walled cities to him and to beg him to make reasonable terms. Tarquinius gladly accepted this submission of the nation, unattended as it was by any hazards, and made a treaty of peace and friendship with them upon the same conditions upon which he had earlier received the submission of the Tyrrhenians; and he restored their captives to them without ransom.
[1] αὗται πολεμικαὶ πράξεις βασιλέως Ταρκυνίου μνημονεύονται, εἰρηνικαὶ δὲ καὶ πολιτικαὶ τοιαίδε τινές, οὐδὲ γὰρ ταύτας βούλομαι παρελθεῖν ἀμνημονεύτους. εὐθὺς γὰρ ἅμα τῷ παραλαβεῖν τὴν ἀρχὴν τὸν δημοτικὸν ὄχλον οἰκεῖον ἑαυτῷ ποιῆσαι προθυμηθείς, ὥσπερ οἱ πρότεροι βασιλεῖς ἐποίουν, διὰ τοιαύτας εὐεργεσίας ὑπηγάγετο: ἐπιλέξας [p. 391] ἄνδρας ἑκατὸν ἐξ ἁπάντων τῶν δημοτικῶν, οἷς ἀρετήν τινα πολεμικὴν ἢ πολιτικὴν φρόνησιν ἅπαντες ἐμαρτύρουν, πατρικίους ἐποίησε καὶ κατέταξεν εἰς τὸν τῶν βουλευτῶν ἀριθμόν, καὶ τότε πρῶτον ἐγένοντο Ῥμαίοις τριακόσιοι βουλευταὶ τέως ὄντες διακόσιοι.
[67.1] These are the military achievements of Tarquinius which are recorded; those that relate to peace and to the civil administration (for these too I do not wish to pass over without mention) are as follows: As soon as he had assumed the sovereignty, being anxious to gain the affections of the common people, after the example of his predecessors, he won them over by such services as these: He chose a hundred persons out of the whole body of the plebeians who were acknowledged by all to be possessed of some warlike prowess or political sagacity, and having made them patricians, he enrolled them among the senators; and then for the first time the Romans had three hundred senators, instead of two hundred, as previously.
[2] ἔπειτα ταῖς ἱεραῖς παρθένοις, ὑφ᾽ ὧν τὸ ἄσβεστον φυλάττεται πῦρ, τέτταρσιν οὔσαις δύο προσκατέλεξεν ἑτέρας: πλειόνων γὰρ ἤδη συντελουμένων ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἱερουργιῶν, αἷς ἔδει τὰς τῆς Ἑστίας παρεῖναι θυηπόλους, οὐκ ἐδόκουν αἱ τέτταρες ἀρκεῖν. Ταρκυνίου δὲ ἄρξαντος ἠκολούθουν οἱ λοιποὶ βασιλεῖς, καὶ μέχρι τῶν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς χρόνων ἓξ ἀποδείκνυνται τῆς Ἑστίας ἀμφίπολοι.
[2] Next, he added to the four holy virgins who had the custody of the perpetual fire two others; for the sacrifices performed on behalf of the state at which these priestesses of Vesta were required to be present being now increased, the four were not thought sufficient. The example of Tarquinius was followed by the rest of the kings and to this day six priestesses of Vesta are app
ointed.
[3] δοκεῖ δὲ καὶ τὰς τιμωρίας, αἷς κολάζονται πρὸς τῶν ἱεροφαντῶν αἱ μὴ φυλάττουσαι τὴν παρθενίαν, ἐκεῖνος ἐξευρεῖν πρῶτος εἴτε κατὰ λογισμὸν εἴτε ὡς οἴονταί τινες ὀνείρῳ πειθόμενος, ἃς μετὰ τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτὴν ἐν τοῖς Σιβυλλείοις εὑρεθῆναι χρησμοῖς οἱ τῶν ἱερῶν ἐξηγηταὶ λέγουσιν: ἐφωράθη γάρ τις ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκείνου βασιλείας ἱέρεια Πιναρία Ποπλίου θυγάτηρ οὐχ ἁγνὴ προσιοῦσα τοῖς ἱεροῖς. τρόπος δὲ τιμωρίας ὅστις ἐστίν, ᾧ κολάζουσι τὰς διαφθαρείσας, ἐν τῇ πρὸ ταύτης δεδήλωταί
[3] He seems also to have first devised the punishments which are inflicted by the pontiffs on those Vestals who do not preserve their chastity, being moved to do so either by his own judgment or, as some believe, in obedience to a dream; and these punishments, according to the interpreters of religious rites, were found after his death among the Sibylline oracles. For in his reign a priestess named Pinaria, the daughter of Publius, was discovered to be approaching the sacrifices in a state of unchastity. The manner of punishing the Vestals who have been debauched has been described by me in the preceding Book.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 494
