[6] By delivering such harangues in the Forum these men, who were bold and not lacking in eloquence, inflamed the minds of many of the plebeians, and these, when Tarquinius came into the Forum to offer his defence, endeavoured to drive him out as an impure person. However, they were not strong enough to prevail over the truth or to persuade the people to depose him from power.
[7] ἐπεὶ δὲ αὐτός τε ἀπολογηθεὶς κράτιστα περὶ αὑτοῦ τὴν διαβολὴν ἀπελύσατο καὶ ὁ κηδεστὴς αὐτοῦ Τύλλιος, ᾧ τὴν ἑτέραν δεδωκὼς ἦν θυγατέρα, μέγιστον ἐν τῷ δήμῳ δυνάμενος εἰς ἔλεον τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ὑπηγάγετο, συκοφάνται καὶ πονηροὶ δόξαντες εἶναι καὶ πολλὴν ὀφλόντες αἰσχύνην ἀπῆλθον ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς.
[7] And after both Tarquinius himself had Middle Ages powerful defence and refuted the calumny against him, and his son-in-law Tullius, to whom he had given one of his two daughters in marriage and who had the greatest influence with the people, had stirred the Romans to compassion, the accusers were looked upon as slanderers and wicked men, and they left the Forum in great disgrace.
[1] ταύτης δὴ τῆς πείρας ἀποτυχόντες καὶ διαλλαγὰς τῆς ἔχθρας διὰ φίλων εὑρόμενοι μετρίως τὴν ἀγνωμοσύνην αὐτῶν ἐνέγκαντος τοῦ Ταρκυνίου διὰ τὰς ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς εὐεργεσίας καὶ τὴν μετάνοιαν ἱκανὴν ὑπολαμβάνοντος εἶναι τῆς προπετείας διόρθωσιν ἔτη μὲν τρία διέμειναν ἐν τῇ προσποιήσει τῆς φιλίας: ἐπειδὴ δὲ καιρὸν ὑπέλαβον ἐπιτήδειον ἔχειν δόλον ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ῥάπτουσι τοιόνδε:
[73.1] Having failed in this attempt and having, with the aid of their friends, found reconciliation with Tarquinius, who bore their folly with moderation because of the favours he had received from their father, and looked upon their repentance as sufficient to correct their rashness, they continued for three years in this pretence of friendship; but as soon as they thought they had a favourable opportunity, they contrived the following treacherous plot against him:
[2] νεανίσκους δύο τῶν ἐκ τῆς συνωμοσίας τοὺς τολμηροτάτους ποιμενικαῖς ἐνδύσαντες στολαῖς καὶ δρεπάνοις καθοπλίσαντες ὑλουργοῖς πέμπουσιν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ βασιλέως ἡμέρας μεσούσης διδάξαντες ἃ χρὴ λέγειν τε καὶ πράττειν καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς ἐπιθέσεως αὐτοῖς ὑφηγησάμενοι. οὗτοι πλησίον τῶν βασιλείων γενόμενοι κακῶς τε ἀλλήλους ἔλεγον ὡς ἀδικούμενοι καὶ οὐδὲ τὼ χεῖρε τῶν σωμάτων ἀπείχοντο βοῇ τε μεγάλῃ [p. 403] χρώμενοι τὴν παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως βοήθειαν ἐκάλουν ἀμφότεροι, παρόντων αὐτοῖς συχνῶν ἐκ τῆς συνωμοσίας, ἀγροίκων δὴ τῷ λόγῳ, συναγανακτούντων τε ἀμφοτέροις καὶ συμμαρτυρούντων.
[2] They dressed up two youths, the boldest of their accomplices, and arming them with billhooks, sent them to the king’s house at midday, after instructing them what they were to say and do and showing them in what manner they were to make their attack. These youths, upon approaching the palace, fell to abusing each other, as if they had received some injury, and even proceeded to blows, while both with a loud voice implored the king’s assistance; and many of their accomplices, ostensibly rustics, were present, taking part with one or the other of them in his grievance and giving testimony in his favour.
[3] ὡς δὲ εἰσκαλέσας αὐτοὺς ὁ βασιλεὺς λέγειν ἐκέλευσεν ὑπὲρ ὧν διεφέροντο, αἰγῶν μὲν ἀμφισβητεῖν ἐσκήπτοντο, κεκραγότες δὲ ἅμα καὶ παθαινόμενοι τὸν ἄγριον τρόπον καὶ μηθὲν εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα λέγοντες πολὺν ἐκίνησαν ἐξ ἁπάντων γέλωτα. ὡς δ᾽ ἐκ τοῦ καταφρονεῖσθαι καιρὸν ἔδοξαν εἰληφέναι τῆς ἐπιχειρήσεως τὸν ἐπιτήδειον, φέρουσι κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ βασιλέως πληγὰς τοῖς δρεπάνοις καὶ τοῦτο πράξαντες ἔφευγον ἔξω θυρῶν.
[3] When the king ordered them to be brought before him and commanded them to inform him of the subject of their quarrel, they pretended their dispute was about some goats, and both of them bawling at the same time and gesticulating passionately, after the manner of rustics, without saying anything to the purpose, they provoked much laughter on the part of all. And when they thought that the derision which they were exciting offered the proper moment for putting their design into execution, they wounded the king on the head with their billhooks, after which they endeavoured to escape out of doors.
[4] κραυγῆς δὲ γενομένης ἐπὶ τῷ πάθει καὶ βοηθείας πολλαχόθεν συνδραμούσης οὐ δυνηθέντες διαφυγεῖν συλλαμβάνονται πρὸς τῶν ἐπιδιωξάντων, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο βασάνοις καταικισθέντες καὶ τοὺς ἀρχηγοὺς τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς ἀναγκασθέντες εἰπεῖν τῆς προσηκούσης τιμωρίας ἔτυχον σὺν χρόνῳ. βασιλεὺς μὲν δὴ Ταρκύνιος οὐ μικρῶν οὐδὲ ὀλίγων Ῥωμαίοις ἀγαθῶν αἴτιος γενόμενος, ὀκτὼ καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη τὴν ἀρχὴν κατασχὼν οὕτω τελευτᾷ.
[4] But when an outcry was raised at this calamity and assistance to escape and were seized by those who had pursued them; and later, after being put to the torture and forced to name the authors of the conspiracy, they at length met with the punishment they deserved.
BOOK IV
[1] [p. 1] βασιλεὺς μὲν δὴ Ταρκύνιος οὐ μικρῶν οὐδ᾽ ὀλίγων Ῥωμαίοις ἀγαθῶν αἴτιος γενόμενος, ὀκτὼ καὶ τριάκοντα ἔτη τὴν ἀρχὴν κατασχὼν οὕτω τελευτᾷ υἱωνούς τε δύο καταλιπὼν νηπίσυς καὶ δύο θυγατέρας ἀνδράσιν ἤδη συνοικούσας. διάδοχος δὲ τῆς ἡγεμονίας ὁ γαμβρὸς αὐτοῦ γίνεται Τύλλιος ἐνιαυτῷ τετάρτῳ τῆς πεντηκοστῆς ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Ἐπιτελίδης Λάκων ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησιν Ἀρχεστρατίδου: [p. 2] περὶ οὗ καιρὸς ἤδη λέγειν, ἃ κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς παρελίπομεν, ἐξ ὧν τε γονέων ἔφυ καὶ τίνας ἀπεδείξατο πράξεις ἰδιώτης ὢν ἔτι καὶ πρὶν ἐπὶ τὴν δυναστείαν παρελθεῖν.
[1.1] King Tarquinius, accordingly, who had conferred not a few important benefits upon the Romans, died in the manner I have mentioned, after holding the sovereignty for thirty-eight years, leaving two grandsons who were infants and two daughters already married. His son-in-law Tullius succeeded him in the sovereignty in the fourth year of the fiftieth Olympiad (the one in which Epitelides, a Lacedaemonian, won the short-distance foot-race), Archestratides being archon at Athens. It is now the proper time to mention those particulars relating to Tullius which we at first omitted, namely, who his parents were and what deeds he performed while he was yet a private citizen, before his accession to the sovereignty.
[2] τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ λεγόμενα, οἷς μάλιστ᾽ ἔγω�
�ε συγκατατίθεμαι, τοιαῦτ᾽ ἐστίν. ἐν Κορνικόλῳ πόλει τοῦ Λατίνων ἔθνους ἀνήρ τις ἐκ τοῦ βασιλείου γένους Τύλλιος ὄνομα γυναικὶ συνῆν Ὀκρισίᾳ καλλίστῃ τε καὶ σωφρονεστάτῃ τῶν ἐν Κορνικόλῳ γυναικῶν. αὐτὸς μὲν οὖν ὁ Τύλλιος, ὅθ᾽ ἡ πόλις ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων κατελαμβάνετο, μαχόμενος ἀποθνήσκει, τὴν δ᾽ Ὀκρισίαν ἐγκύμονα οὖσαν ἐξαίρετον ἐκ τῶν λαφύρων λαμβάνει Ταρκύνιος ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ δίδωσι δωρεὰν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ γυναικί. μαθοῦσα δ᾽ ἐκείνη πάντα τὰ περὶ τὴν ἄνθρωπον οὐ πολλοῖς χρόνοις ὕστερον ἐλευθέραν αὐτὴν ἀφίησι καὶ πασῶν μάλιστα γυναικῶν ἀσπαζομένη τε καὶ τιμῶσα διετέλεσεν.
[2] Concerning his family, then, the account with which I can best agree is this: There lived at Corniculum, a city of the Latin nation, a man of the royal family named Tullius, who was married to Ocrisia, a woman far excelling all the other women in Corniculum in beauty and modesty. When this city was taken by the Romans, Tullius himself was slain while fighting, and Ocrisia, then with child, was selected from the spoils and taken by King Tarquinius, who gave her to his wife. She, having been informed of everything that related to this woman, freed her soon afterwards and continued to treat her with kindness and honour above all other women.
[3] ἐκ ταύτης γίνεται τῆς Ὀκρισίας ἔτι δουλευούσης παιδίον, ᾧ τίθεται τραφέντι ἡ μήτηρ τὸ μὲν ἴδιόν τε καὶ συγγενικὸν ὄνομα Τύλλιον ἐπὶ τοῦ πατρός, τὸ δὲ κοινὸν καὶ προσηγορικὸν Σερούιον ἐπὶ τῆς ἰδίας τύχης, ὅτι δουλεύουσα ἔτεκεν αὐτόν. εἴη δ᾽ ἂν ὁ Σερούιος εἰς τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν διάλεκτον μεταβιβαζόμενος Δούλιος.
[3] While Ocrisia was yet a slave she bore a son, to whom, when he had left the nursery, she gave the name of Tullius, from his father, as his proper and family name, and also that of Servius as his common and first name, from her own condition, since she had been a slave when she had given birth to him. Servius, if translated into the Greek tongue, would be doulios or “servile.”
[1] φέρεται δέ τις ἐν ταῖς ἐπιχωρίοις ἀναγραφαῖς καὶ ἕτερος ὑπὲρ τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ λόγος ἐπὶ τὸ μυθῶδες ἐξαίρων τὰ περὶ αὐτόν, ὃν ἐν πολλαῖς Ῥωμαϊκαῖς [p. 3] ἱστορίαις εὕρομεν, εἰ θεοῖς τε καὶ δαίμοσι λέγεσθαι φίλος τοιοῦτος: αἵτινες ἀπὸ τῆς ἑστίας τῶν βασιλείων, ἐφ᾽ ἧς ἄλλας τε Ῥωμαῖοι συντελοῦσιν ἱερουργίας καὶ τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν δείπνων ἀπαρχὰς ἁγίζουσιν, ὑπὲρ τοῦ πυρὸς ἀνασχεῖν λέγουσιν αἰδοῖον ἀνδρός. τοῦτο δὲ θεάσασθαι τὴν Ὀκρισίαν πρώτην φέρουσαν τοὺς εἰωθότας πελάνους ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ καὶ αὐτίκα πρὸς τοὺς βασιλεῖς ἐλθοῦσαν εἰπεῖν.
[2.1] There is also current in the local records another story relating to his birth which raises the circumstances attending to the realm of the fabulous, and we have found it in many Roman histories. This account — if it be pleasing to the gods and the lesser divinities that it be related — is somewhat as follows: They say that from the hearth in the palace, on which the Romans offer various other sacrifices and also consecrate the first portion of their meals, there rose up above the fire a man’s privy member, and that Ocrisia was the first to see it as she was carrying the customary cakes to the fire, and immediately informed the king and queen of it.
[2] τὸν μὲν οὖν Ταρκύνιον ἀκούσαντά τε καὶ μετὰ ταῦτ᾽ ἰδόντα τὸ τέρας ἐν θαύματι γενέσθαι, τὴν δὲ Τανακυλίδα τά τ᾽ ἄλλα σοφὴν οὖσαν καὶ δὴ καὶ τὰ μαντικὰ οὐδενὸς χεῖρον Τυρρηνῶν ἐπισταμένην εἰπεῖν πρὸς αὐτόν, ὅτι γένος ἀπὸ τῆς ἑστίας τῆς βασιλείου πέπρωται γενέσθαι κρεῖττον ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἀνθρωπείαν φύσιν ἐκ τῆς μιχθείσης τῷ φάσματι γυναικός. τὰ δ᾽ αὐτὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τερατοσκόπων ἀποφηναμένων δόξαι τῷ βασιλεῖ τὴν Ὀκρισίαν, ᾗ πρώτῃ ἐφάνη τὸ τέρας, εἰς ὁμιλίαν αὐτῷ συνελθεῖν: καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο τὴν γυναῖκα κοσμησαμένην, οἷς ἔθος ἐστὶ κοσμεῖσθαι τὰς γαμουμένας, κατακλεισθῆναι μόνην εἰς τὸν οἶκον, ἐν ᾧ τὸ τέρας ὤφθη.
[2] Tarquinius, they add, upon hearing this and left beholding the prodigy, was astonished; but Tanaquil, who was not only wise in other matters but also inferior to none of the Tyrrhenians in her knowledge of divination, told him it was ordained by fate that from the royal hearth should issue a scion superior to the race of mortals, to be born of the woman who should conceive by that phantom. And the other soothsayers affirming the same thing, the king thought it fitting that Ocrisia, to whom the prodigy had first appeared, should have intercourse with it. Thereupon this woman, having adorned herself as brides are usually adorned, was shut up alone in the room in which the prodigy had been seen.
[3] μιχθέντος δή τινος αὐτῇ θεῶν ἢ δαιμόνων καὶ μετὰ τὴν μίξιν ἀφανισθέντος εἴθ᾽ Ἡφαίστου καθάπερ οἴονταί τινες εἴτε τοῦ κατ᾽ οἰκίαν ἥρωος, ἐγκύμονα γενέσθαι καὶ τεκεῖν τὸν Τύλλιον ἐν τοῖς καθήκουσι χρόνοις. τοῦτο τὸ μύθευμα οὐ πάνυ τι πιστὸν εἶναι δοκοῦν ἑτέρα [p. 4] τις ἐπιφάνεια θεία γενομένη περὶ τὸν ἄνδρα θαυμαστὴ
[3] And one of the gods or lesser divinities, whether Vulcan, as some think, or the tutelary deity of the house, having had intercourse with her and afterwards disappearing, she conceived and was delivered of Tullius at the proper time. This fabulous account, although it seems not altogether credible, is rendered less incredible by reason of another manifestation of the gods relating to Tullius which was wonderful and extraordinary.
[4] καὶ παράδοξος ἧττον ἀπιστεῖσθαι ποιεῖ. καθημένου γάρ ποτ᾽ αὐτοῦ μεσούσης μάλισθ᾽ ἡμέρας ἐν τῇ παστάδι τῶν βασιλείων καὶ κατενεχθέντος ἐφ᾽ ὕπνον, πῦρ ἀπέλαμψεν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, ἥ τε μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ τοῦ βασιλέως γυνὴ πορευόμεναι διὰ τῆς παστάδος ἐθεάσαντο καὶ πάντες ὅσοι σὺν ταῖς γυναιξὶν ἐτύγχανον τότε παρόντες, καὶ μέχρι τούτου διέμενεν ἡ φλὸξ ὅλην αὐτοῦ καταλάμπουσα τὴν κεφαλήν, ἕως ἡ μήτηρ προσδραμοῦσα διανέστησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἡ φλὸξ ἅμα τῷ ὕπνῳ διασκεδασθεῖσα ἠφανίσθη. τὰ μὲν δὴ περὶ τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ λεγόμενα τοιαῦτ᾽ ἐστίν.
[4] For when he had fallen asleep one day while sitting in the portico of the palace about noon, a fire shone forth from his head. This was seen by his mother and by the king’s wife, as they were walking through the portico, as well as by all who happened to be present with them at the time. The flame continued to
illumine his whole head till his mother ran to him and wakened him; and with the ending of his sleep the flame was dispersed and vanished. Such are the accounts that are given of his birth.
[1] ἃ δὲ πρὸ τοῦ βασιλεῦσαι διεπράξατο λόγου ἄξια, ἐξ ὧν Ταρκύνιός τ᾽ αὐτὸν ἠγάσθη καὶ ὁ Ῥωμαίων δῆμος τῆς μετὰ βασιλέα τιμῆς ἠξίου, τοιάδε. ἀντίπαις μὲν ὢν ἔτι τῇ πρώτῃ στρατείᾳ, ἣν ἐπὶ Τυρρηνοὺς Ταρκύνιος ἐστράτευσεν, ἐν τοῖς ἱππεῦσι τεταγμένος οὕτως ἔδοξεν ἀγωνίσασθαι καλῶς, ὥστε περιβόητος εὐθὺ γενέσθαι καὶ τἀριστεῖα πρῶτος ἁπάντων λαβεῖν: ἔπειθ᾽ ἑτέρας γενομένης ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἔθνος στρατείας καὶ μάχης καρτερᾶς περὶ πόλιν Ἤρητον ἀνδρειότατος ἁπάντων φανεὶς στεφάνοις αὖθις ἀριστείοις ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐκοσμεῖτο.
[3.1] The memorable actions he performed before becoming king, in consideration of which Tarquinius admired him and the Roman people honoured him next to the king, are these: When, scarcely more than a boy as yet, he was serving in the cavalry in the first campaign that Tarquinius undertook against the Tyrrhenians, he was thought to have fought so splendidly that he straightway became famous and received the prize of valour ahead of all others. Afterwards, when another expedition was undertaken against the same nation and a sharp battle was fought near the city of Eretum, he showed himself the bravest of all and was again crowned by the king as first in valour.
Delphi Complete Works of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Illustrated) (Delphi Ancient Classics Book 79) Page 497
