Trung sisters, 10
Truong Boi Cong, 144–45, 243, 245, 246, 248, 249, 252, 272
Truong Chinh, 234, 240, 247, 250, 252, 256, 258, 277, 278, 280, 295, 296, 303–5, 316, 344, 383, 385, 388, 397, 406, 413, 418, 425, 426, 428, 430, 437, 438, 440, 441, 450, 471, 480–82, 490, 493, 495, 499, 504, 505, 507, 512, 536, 561, 567
background of, 256
demotion of, 484, 485, 499, 503
land reform and, 437, 444, 445–46, 475, 477, 478–79, 485–86, 487
Le Duan and, 503
Truong Gia Mo, 39
Truong Nhu Tang, 525–26
Truong Van Lenh, 116, 144
Tu Duc, 12
U Nu, 458
Udon Thani, 170–71
United Nations (U.N.), 297, 301, 303, 330, 340, 366, 458, 500–501
United States, 243, 283–94, 329–31, 340–42
in Allied-Japan conflict, 262, 274, 276–78, 294, 296, 297, 299, 303–5, 307–9, 311, 312, 315, 317–18
attacks on South Vietnamese installations of, 543
China and, 417, 471
communism as concern of, 366–67, 378, 392, 404, 405, 406, 412, 424, 425, 446, 459, 469–70
Democratic Republic of Vietnam and, 340–42, 343, 366–67, 378, 390, 391, 392, 404, 405–6, 424, 469–70
Diem and, 468, 469, 470, 534, 538
European colonialism and, 283, 330
“four points” declaration and, 545, 546, 549, 559
Franco-Vietminh conflict and, 403–6, 412, 414, 416, 423–25, 426, 429, 430, 446, 447, 450, 454–55, 457, 458, 573–74
Ho’s contacts with, 286–94, 296, 297, 299, 319, 340
Ho’s request to visit, 286
Ho’s visit to, 50–51, 62
Indochina policy of, 283, 285, 292, 319, 330–31, 340–42, 351, 378, 390, 404, 446, 459, 460, 573–74
military actions in Vietnam, 543, 544, 545–46, 548, 549, 550–51, 552, 553–54, 556, 557, 559, 560, 561
military withdrawal from Vietnam, 564–65
South Vietnam supported by, 459, 469–70, 473, 495, 510, 511, 515, 516, 523–24, 525, 528–54, 556–61, 564–65
Soviet Union and, 343, 351, 354–55, 471, 491–92, 493–94, 501–2, 520
Tonkin Gulf incident and, 540, 541–42, 544
Vietminh and, 283, 284–94, 299–300, 301, 315, 319, 331
Vietnamese independence and, 283, 284–88, 291, 297, 328, 329–31, 340–42, 350, 351, 354–55, 357, 366–67, 377–78, 390–91
University of the Toilers of the East (Stalin School; Institute for the Study of the National and Colonial Questions), 92–94, 101, 124, 212, 227, 256
U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 284, 285–86, 288, 292, 293, 294, 299, 329, 335, 336
U.S. Office of War Information (OWI), 283, 284, 285, 286, 289, 292
USSR, see Soviet Union
Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, 63, 73, 76, 210
Valluy, Jean-Etienne, 367, 373, 389, 392–93, 395–96, 398, 400, 407, 411, 415
Operation Léa campaign of, 407–10
Van Tien Dung, 394, 492, 493, 547
Vanguard Youth Movement (Thanh Nien Tien Phong), xviii, 314, 315
Varenne, Alexandre, 128, 129, 139
Vasilieva, Vera, 213, 214, 219, 228
VCP, see Vietnamese Communist Party
Versailles peace conference, 58, 59–60, 63
Viet Bac, 255, 258, 260, 262, 263, 279, 280, 281, 281, 296
Viet Cong, see People’s Liberation Armed Forces
Viet Nam, 351
Viet Nam Doc Lap (Independent Vietnam), 251, 259, 262
Vietminh Front (League for the Independence of Vietnam; Viet Nam Doc lap Dong minh), xviii, 245–46, 248, 252–55, 264, 274, 275, 277–78, 280, 286, 291–93, 296, 297, 303, 305, 306, 349
August Revolution of, 307–24, 328, 332, 338, 343–44, 348, 362, 385, 429, 496
Diem’s campaign against, 472
and division of Vietnam, 457–58, 459–61
in DRV government, 352–53, 360, 387–88
economy and, 309
factions in, 339
famine and, 295, 307–8, 344
and Japanese surrender to Allied forces, 307, 308, 309, 311, 344
military base of, 260–62
moderate image of, 326, 338, 344
renaming of, 438
U.S. and, 283, 284–94, 299–300, 301, 315, 319, 331
in war with French, see Franco-Vietminh War
see also Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Vietnam:
activism in, 110–11
agriculture in, see agriculture
August Revolution in, 307–24, 328, 332, 338, 343–44, 348, 362, 385, 429, 496
China’s relationship with, 9–11, 12–14, 17, 111, 262, 361, 425, 435–38
colonial army in, 171–72, 246
Confucianism in, 10, 17, 29, 31, 63, 115, 135, 136
division of, 457–58, 459–61
economy in, 308–9, 325, 337, 474, 568
elite in, 10, 107–8, 221
famine in, 294–95, 307–8, 324–25, 344
French conquest of, 9, 11–12
history of, 9–14
Ho’s return to, 250–51, 256
independence movement in, see Vietnamese independence movement
landlords in, 175–76, 177, 179, 185, 191, 299, 437, 444–46, 480–81, 483, 487, 511
literacy in, 325
Marxism and, 114–16
middle class in, 108–9, 110, 173
military tradition in, 11, 13
nationalism in, see Vietnamese independence movement
need for Communist Party in, 156–64
North, see Democratic Republic of Vietnam
peasantry in, see peasantry
reunification plans for, 459, 464, 467, 472, 473, 492, 493–95, 497–98, 499, 500–501, 503, 505, 508, 512–13, 514, 515–16, 520–25, 530, 532, 539, 548
schools in, 27, 66, 108, 109, 172–73
self-rule issue in, 10–11; see also Vietnamese independence movement
South, see Republic of Vietnam
women’s position in, 17, 18–19
working conditions in, 24–25, 36, 173–75, 176, 179, 188, 326, 443
see also Democratic Republic of Vietnam; French Indochina; Republic of Vietnam
Vietnam, Republic of, see Republic of Vietnam
Vietnam War, 1, 573
attacks on U.S. installations in South Vietnam, 543
casualties in, 553, 554, 558
intensification of, 553
Paris peace talks and, 559, 560, 564
revolution adopted as strategy for reunification, 512–13, 514
Têt offensive in, 557–59, 560
Tonkin Gulf incident in, 540, 541–42, 544
U.S. military actions in, 543, 544, 545–46, 548, 549, 550–51, 552, 553–54, 556, 557, 559, 560, 561
U.S. support for South Vietnam in, 459, 469–70, 473, 495, 510, 511, 515, 516, 523–24, 525, 528–54, 556–61, 564–65
U.S. withdrawal from, 564–65
see also Franco-Vietminh War
Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP; Dang Cong san Viet Nam), xviii, 170, 178, 183–84
founding of, 164–65, 167, 168–69
name change of, 187
revival of, 567
see also Indochinese Communist Party
Vietnamese Democratic Party (Dang Dan Chu Viet Nam), xviii, 321, 352, 360, 387
Vietnamese independence movement, 13–15, 23–26, 30–31, 34–38, 54, 56–57, 107, 114, 154, 172–85, 260, 262, 388, 473–74, 576
August Revolution in, 307–24, 328, 332, 338, 343–44, 348, 362, 385, 429, 496
Chinese influence on, 427–28, 440
colonial army and, 171–72
Communists and, 177–79, 180, 181–85, 186–98, 239, 252–54
declaration of independence and establishment of Democratic Republic, 321–24
demonstrations and riots in, 36–37, 176–77, 179–80, 181, 191, 247, 248
eff
orts to restore French sovereignty, 328, 330, 331, 334–35, 337, 339–41, 342, 343, 346, 350–51, 353–55, 356–80
Elysée Accords and, 413, 414, 423, 424–25
first American casualty in, 336
French suppression of, 179–80, 191, 194, 197, 234, 247, 263
and Ho’s recommendations for successful revolution, 181–84
Japan and, 229, 264, 275, 276, 295, 307, 308, 309, 311, 312, 315, 317–18
modus vivendi and, 380, 381, 382, 386, 387, 388, 389
negotiations and agreements with French, 353–80, 381, 383–87, 389, 390, 393, 401, 403, 412, 413, 423, 424–25, 449–52
peasants in, see peasantry
Phan Chu Trinh’s letter and, 30–31, 36, 54
plans to seize power, 304–6
Soviet Union and, 328, 330, 341, 342, 343, 354, 366, 420–22, 473
student activism and, 172–73, 179
U.S. and, 283, 284–88, 291, 297, 328, 329–31, 340–42, 350, 351, 354–55, 357, 366–67, 377–78, 390–91
violence in, 171–72, 181, 185, 191
worker discontent and, 173–75, 176, 179, 188
worker-peasant alliance in, 181, 182, 183, 186
World War II and, 239, 242, 252
see also Democratic Republic of Vietnam; Franco-Vietminh War; French Indochina; specific organizations
Vietnamese Liberation Army (VLA; Viet Nam Giai phong Quan), xviii, 282, 296, 297, 298, 304, 307, 308, 317
renaming of, 329, 347
Vietnamese National Army (VNA), xviii, 456, 465
Vietnamese National Liberation Committee, 249–50, 252, 272
Vietnamese Nationalist Party (Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang; VNQDD), xviii, 119, 140, 144, 154, 161, 178–79, 187, 188, 190, 223, 233, 237, 249, 272, 275, 276, 338, 339, 349, 351, 384
in DRV government 352, 359, 360, 361, 387
violence and, 171–72
Vietnamese People’s Army, 394–95
Vietnamese Restoration Party (Viet Nam Quang Phuc Hoi), xix, 107, 119
Vietnamese Revolutionary League (Dong Minh Hoi), xv, 272–76, 287, 291–92, 297, 338, 349, 352, 360, 361, 387
Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League (Hoi Viet Nam Cach Mang Thanh Nien), 121–24, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, 140, 141, 144, 146, 150, 151, 153–57, 159–67, 174, 177–78, 186, 195, 218, 222–24, 239, 254, 256
conflict in, 154–55
first congress of, 158–59
and formation of a Communist party, 156, 158
membership of, 155–56
Vietnamese Workers’ Party (VWP; Dang Lao Dong Viet Nam), xix, 1–2, 438–49, 473, 476, 477, 481, 482
Central Committee of, 440, 444, 448, 470–71, 472, 473, 479, 480, 482, 483–86, 492, 493, 497, 503, 507, 509, 511–13
Eleventh Plenum of, 497
Fifteenth Plenum of, 511–13, 515, 516, 518
Fourteenth Plenum of, 507
intellectuals and, 488–91
Ninth Plenum of the Third Congress of, 534–35, 537, 538, 539, 542
Politburo of, 440–41, 448, 456, 466, 470, 481, 483, 484, 495, 499, 502, 503, 507, 509, 520, 523, 524, 526, 529, 530, 533, 537–38, 540, 541
Regional Committee for the South of, 492, 493
renaming of, 567
reunification strategy of, 512–13, 514
revisionism and, 538
self-criticism and, 482–83, 485, 489, 490
Tenth Plenum of, 483–86, 490
Third National Congress of, 523–24, 525–26
Thirteenth Plenum of, 503, 504, 505, 506
three-year plan of, 507, 521
see also Indochinese Communist Party
Vincent, John Carter, 340–41, 377
Vinh Thuy, see Bao Dai
Vinh Yen, 279, 433, 434
VLA, see Vietnamese Liberation Army
Vladivostok, 146–47, 208
VNA (Vietnamese National Army), xviii, 456, 465
VNQDD, see Vietnamese Nationalist Party
Vo Nguyen Giap, 234, 240–42, 245, 248, 249, 251, 252, 255, 261, 272, 279–81, 295–99, 304, 307, 308, 316, 317, 319, 329, 339, 351–53, 360, 364, 368, 383–85, 387, 391, 395, 440, 441, 485, 499, 523–24, 536, 546, 548, 552, 567, 568
background of, 240
on declaration of independence in Hanoi, 322, 323
in DRV government, 321, 323, 408
in Franco-Vietminh War, 394, 397, 416, 417, 425, 426, 430, 431, 432, 434, 435, 441, 448, 453, 455, 458, 462, 485
on Ho’s illness, 301–2
land reform and, 487–88
Le Duan and, 503–4
Resolution 15 and, 513
revisionism and, 538
Vo Nhai, 262
Vo Van Toan, 76
Voitinsky, Grigory, 89, 103, 106, 147
Voroshilov, Kliment, 500–501, 520, 554
Vu Anh, 237, 238, 241, 242, 248, 249, 250, 252, 281, 295, 297
Vu Dinh Huynh, 480, 572
Vu Hong Khanh, 237, 272, 327, 338, 363, 383
Vu Ky, 396, 554–55, 569
Vuong Minh Phuong, 293
Vuong Thuc Do, 21
Vuong Thuc Mau, 16, 21, 23, 24
Vuong Thuc Qui, 23, 25
VWP, see Vietnamese Workers’ Party
Wang Bingnan, 460
weapons, 347–48, 389, 394
Wedemeyer, Albert C., 293
Wei Guoqing, 427, 453
Westmoreland, William C., 543
Whampoa Academy, 131, 144, 237
White, Frank, 366
Willkie, Wendell, 266
Wilson, Woodrow, 58, 59–60, 61
women, 223
in Communist Party, 221
in Vietnam, 17, 18–19
“Women” (Ho Chi Minh), 259–60
World War I, 51, 54, 70, 109, 252
World War II, 239, 242, 248, 252, 254–55, 286, 296, 481
Allied-Japan conflict in, 262, 274, 276–78, 294, 296, 297, 299, 303–5, 307–9, 311, 312, 315, 317–18, 327, 333, 334, 344
end of, 303, 318, 329–30
Wu Peifu, 113
Wu Tiecheng, 269
Wu Xiuquan, 230
Xiamen, 209
Xiao Wen, 273, 276, 292, 327, 329, 331–32, 338, 348, 349, 350, 352, 360
Xu Weisan, 263
Xuan, Miss, 505–6
Xuan Mai Training School, 516–17
Yalta agreement, 422
Yan’an, 230
Ye Jianying, 230, 236
Yen Bay insurrection, 172, 178, 179, 188
Youth National Salvation Association, 346
Youth Party, 138, 141
Yuan Shikai, 75, 105, 106
Yukichi, Fukuzawa, 31
Yunnan, 242
Zecchini, Michel, 62
Zhang Fakui, 267, 268–76, 284, 286, 287, 291, 327, 328, 350, 352
Zhang Tailei, 143, 144
Zhdanov, Andrey, 420
Zhou Enlai, 112, 143, 237, 242, 264, 284, 414, 420, 422, 449, 453, 457–59, 461, 463, 471, 497, 521, 524, 528, 544, 547–50, 555, 558, 559
Ho’s arrest and, 271
Zhu De, 420
Zinoviev, Grigory, 91, 97, 98, 99, 211, 223
PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS
“A view of downtown Hanoi …”: From the collection of the author.
“Adjacent to the French sector …”: From the collection of the author.
“A portrait taken of Ho Chi Minh’s father …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“After Nguyen Sinh Sac married Hoang Thi Loan …”: By permission of the author.
“In this room in the house of his father-in-law …”: By permission of the author.
“When Nguyen Sinh Sac took his family to live in Hue …”: By permission of the author.
“A view of the small apartment …”: By permission of Ho Chi Minh Museum, HCMC.
“The well-known scholar and revolutionary patriot …”: By permission of Centre des Archives Outre-mer (Provence).
“After his triumphant return home from Hue …”: By permission of the author.
<
br /> “In the fall of 1907, Nguyen Sinh Sac enrolled …”: By permission of the author.
“In June 1911, Ho Chi Minh sailed from Nha Rong …”: By permission of the author.
“The French steamship Amiral Latouche-Treville …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“Shown here is a copy of the demands …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“A fellow classmate of Nguyen Sinh Sac …”: By permission of Centre des Archives Ourre-mer (Provence).
“At the Villa des Gobelins …”: By permission of the author.
“A view of the main conference hall …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“Under the suspicious eyes …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“A view of Ho Chi Minh’s apartment …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“A cartoon by Ho Chi Minh …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“During his years in Paris, Ho Chi Minh …”: By permission of Centre des Archives Outre-mer (Provence).
“Ho Chi Minh shortly after his arrival …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“On his arrival in Moscow in the summer …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“In this building, the Comintern headquarters …”: By permission of Ho Chi Minh Museum, HCMC branch.
“In the summer of 1924, Ho Chi Minh …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“In December 1924, Ho Chi Minh left …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“Ho Chi Minh with students and faculty members …”: By permission of Centre des Archives Outre-mer (Provence).
“One of the brightest young stars …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“One of the first female members …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“In early June 1931, Hong Kong newspapers …”: By permission of Patti Archive University of Central Florida.
“After his release from a Hong Kong prison …”: From the collection of the author.
“In August 1945, Ho Chi Minh sent a letter …”: By permission of Charles Fenn.
“In this building, located in the heart of …”: From the collection of the author.
“On August 19th, 1945, crowds began to …”: By permission of Vietnam News Agency.
“In late August, units of Vo Nguyen Giap’s …”: By permission of Patti Archive Univetsity of Central Florida.
“On August 26, 1945, a Vietnamese delegation …”: By permission of Patti Archive University of Central Florida.
“On his secret return to Hanoi in mid-August 1945 …”: By permission of the author.
“Built by the French at the beginning of the twentieth century …”: By permission of Patti Archive University of Central Florida.
Ho Chi Minh Page 101
