Isabella: The Warrior Queen
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death of
Juan II, king of Castile and León, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 18.1
and Alvaro, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 6.1
appearance and personal style of
Aragon as threat to
burial site of, 11.1, 18.1, 18.2
court intrigue of
death of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 4.1, 10.1
homosexuality of
as manipulated, 1.1, 3.1, 6.1
marriages of, 1.1, 4.1
as pleasure-seeking
as sophisticated and cultivated
will of
Juan, prince (Charles’s son)
Juan, prince (Ferdinand and Isabella’s son), 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 15.2, 17.1
baptism and presentation of
birth of, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
childhood of, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
death of, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2
delicate health of, 11.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
in line of succession, 11.1, 14.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5
marriage of, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 21.1, 24.1
marriage prospects for, 11.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
mourning for
sexual prowess of
Juan, prince of Portugal
Juan de Flandes (John of Flanders), 11.1, 18.1, 18.2
Juan de la Cosa, 15.1, 15.2, 17.1
Juan de Vivero
Juan of Aragon, 2.1, 11.1
Juan of Granada
Judaizing, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5
Judas, 14.1, 18.1
Julius II, Pope, 22.1, 24.1
justice:
brutal
Isabella’s devotion to, itr.1, 10.1, 11.1
Isabella’s participation in restoration of, 10.1, 13.1, 14.1
Justinian, Roman emperor
Kamen, Henry, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 24.1
Keen, Benjamin
Kemal Pasha-zade
Khair ad-Din, see Barbarossa
Knights Hospitaller (Order of St. John)
Koran
Krbava Field, Battle of
La Isabella Island (La Ysla Bella), 15.1, 15.2
La Isabella (settlement)
Lamb, V. B.
La Mota, fortress of, 22.1, 24.1
La Navidad settlement, 15.1, 17.1
La Rabida, monastery of, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 11.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 21.1, 24.1
Las Huelgas, Monastery of, Isabella’s family portrait at, 11.1, 14.1
Last Supper (Leonardo)
Latin America:
art of
exploration of, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
Latin language, 1.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 14.1, 18.1
lay investiture, 8.1, 11.1
La Ysla Bella Island (formerly La Isabella), 15.1, 15.2
Lenni Lenape tribe
Leonardo da Vinci, 2.1, 15.1, 16.1
Leonard of Chios
Leonor, queen of Portugal
Leonor de Sotomayor
Lepanto, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
Lepanto, Battle of, 19.1, 19.2, 24.1
Lesbos
Levi, Salomah ha
Life of the Admiral Christopher Colombus, The (F. Colombus)
lighthouse, Phoenician
Lille, 18.1, 18.2, 21.1
Lisbon, 15.1, 16.1, 20.1
Liss, Peggy
Lleida, 6.1, 6.2
Llorente, Juan Antonio
Loja, 19.1, 24.1
battles at, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6
Lomellino, Angelo
Lope de Conchillos
López de Carvajal, Bernardino, 11.1, 16.1, 16.2
López de Haro, Diego, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3
López de Mendoza, Inigo, Count of Tendilla, 13.1, 18.1, 20.1, 20.2, 23.1
Louis XI, king of France, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2
Louis XII, king of France, 19.1, 19.2, 22.1, 22.2, 24.1
loyalty oaths
Lucena, attack on
Lucero, Diego Rodriguez, 24.1, 24.2
Luis, prince of Portugal
Luis de Madrid
Luís de Santángel, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5
Luke, Gospel of
Luke, Saint
Luther, Martin, 22.1, 22.2
Macedonia
Machado, Roger
Machiavelli, Niccolò
McMurdo, Edward
Madrid, 2.1, 2.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, aft.1
Royal Palace in
Madrigal del las Altas Torres, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, aft.1
Magellan, Ferdinand
Málaga, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 19.1, 19.2
Málaga, Battle of, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 15.1, 18.1
Maldonado, Melchior
mal usos (bad customs) policy
Mamluks, 19.1, 24.1
Manel, Fadrique
Manrique, Gómez
Manrique, Inéz
Manuel, Elvira
Manuel, Juan
Manuel I “the Fortunate,” king of Portugal, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 20.1, 21.1, 23.1, 24.1
Marbella, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
Margaret of Austria, 11.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 21.1, 21.2, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4
pregnancy and miscarriage of, 18.1, 18.2
Margaret of England
Margarit, Joan
Margarit, Mosén Pedro, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
María, queen of Aragon, 1.1, 4.1, 6.1, 9.1
María, queen of Portugal (Ferdinand and Isabella’s daughter), 11.1, 18.1, 18.2, 21.1, 23.1
and birth of stillborn twin, 11.1, 13.1, 18.1, 21.1
children of, 21.1, 24.1
marriage of, 21.1, 23.1
marriage prospects for, 11.1, 18.1, 18.2
María (wife of Juan de Vivero)
María “La Excelenta” (Ferdinand’s illegitimate daughter)
María of Aragon
Marino, Nancy F.
markets, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
marriage, political, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 22.1, 24.1
of Borgias, 16.1, 16.2
celebrations of
challenges in
importance of consummation in, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 16.1, 18.1, 21.1, 21.2, 22.1
Isabella’s strategy for her children in, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 19.1, 21.1
papal dispensations required for kin in, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 21.1, 21.2, 23.1
prenuptial agreement in
proxy weddings in, 5.1, 5.2, 21.1
women as pawns in, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 10.1, 18.1
world stage in
see also specific unions
Martel, Charles
Martin de Córdoba
Martyr D’Anghiera, Peter (Peter Martyr; Pedro Martír de Anglería):
accounts and commentary of, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 20.1, 21.1, 22.1, 22.2, 23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3
as member of court, 11.1, 18.1, 20.1, 23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3
Pope Alexander IV as viewed by
Mary (daughter of Juana and Philip)
Mary of Burgundy, 11.1, 18.1
Mata Carriazo y Arroquia, Juan de
Matthias, Saint
Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary
Maximilian I, Holy Roman emperor, 10.1, 11.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 19.1, 24.1
Mechelen, 24.1, 24.2
Medici, Lorenzo de’, 16.1, 19.1, 22.1
Medici, Piero de’, 16.1, 19.1
Medinaceli, duke of, 15.1, 15.2
Medina del Campo, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 13.1, 14.1, 18.1, 22.1, 23.1, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3
Medina-Sidonia, duke of, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
Mediterranean Sea, 2.1, 12.1
Mehmed II “the Conqueror”, Ottoman sultan:
appearan
ce and character of
brutality of, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 19.1
Constantinople taken by, 1.1, 12.1
death of, 13.1, 19.1
naval strategy of, 12.1, 12.2
in Ottoman expansion, 8.1, 10.1, 12.1, 14.1, 19.1
overweaning ambition of
Rome threatened by
sexual debauchery of
Spain threatened by
succession battle after
succession to sultanate of, 12.1, 12.2
Melammed, Reneé Levine
mendicants
Mendoza, Ana and Beatriz de
Mendoza, Diego Hurtado de
Mendoza, Luis Hurtado de
Mendoza, Pedro de Vera
Mendoza, Pedro González de, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 18.1, 20.1
in Inquisition, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4
Mendoza family, 4.1, 8.1, 18.1
Menes de Silva, Amadeo
mercenary soldiers
mercury, used as cure
Merriman, Roger
Merula, George
Mexico, 17.1, 24.1, 24.2
Michelangelo
Middle Ages:
art and culture of
Church as predominant force in, 1.1, 11.1
precariousness of life in
in transition to Renaissance, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 11.1, 16.1
war as entertainment in
Miguel de la Paz, Prince, 18.1, 18.2, 21.1
Milan, 16.1, 16.2
Milan, duke of
militias
Millán, José Martínez
minstrels
miracles, 6.1, 9.1, 14.1, 19.1, 23.1
Miraflores, Cartuja de, Altarpiece (Van der Weyden), 18.1, 18.2
mirror writing
Moclín, 13.1, 18.1
Moctezuma
Modon
moneylending
Moniz, Felipa
Monta tanto, tanto monta motto,
Montilla, castle of
More, Thomas
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 16.1, 17.1
Morocco, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1
Moses, 1.1, 16.1, 22.1
mosques
attacks on, 10.1, 20.1
churches converted into
converted into churches, 13.1, 13.2
mourning, rituals of, 18.1, 18.2, 24.1, 24.2
Mugheyth Ar-rumi
Muhammad, Prophet, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 24.1
muladíes (converts to Islam)
mummery
Muñiz María Dolores Carmen Morales
Münzer, Jerónimo, 2.1, 13.1
Murad II
Murcia, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1, 13.1
murder
in Borgia family, 22.1, 22.2, 24.1
of Jews in expulsion
of New World settlers
as political tool, 4.1, 6.1
sacrificial
suspected, 18.1, 22.1, 22.2
mushrooms, toxic
Muslims
conquest of Spain (eighth century) by, 1.1, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2
cultural golden age of
expulsion of, from Spain
gender bias in children of
Granada as stronghold of, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 10.1
Granada uprising and rebellion of
growing oppression of, 20.1, 22.1
and Inquisition, 14.1, 20.1
Jews and, 14.1, 14.2, 20.1
Mehmed revered by
persecution of, 20.1, 20.2
suicide attacks by
tribute owed by
see also Nasrid dynasty; Ottoman Turks; Reconquest
Mytilene (Barbarossa’s mother)
Naples, 6.1, 8.1, 14.1, 16.1, 2.1, 16.2, 17.1, 22.1, 24.1
French threat to, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 22.1, 22.2
Ottoman threat to, 12.1, 18.1, 19.1
partitioning of, 19.1, 22.1
under Spain, 19.1, 21.1, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4
Nasrid dynasty, 13.1, 23.1
Navarre, Kingdom of, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 18.1, 22.1, 24.1, 24.2
Negroponte (Egriboz)
nepotism, in Church, 8.1, 8.2, 16.1
Nero, emperor of Rome, 11.1, 12.1
Netanyahu, Benzion, 3.1, 9.1, 14.1, 14.2, aft.1
New Christians, see conversos
New Testament, 1.1, 2.1, 11.1
depicted in paintings
New World
colonization attempts in, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1
culture shock of
discovery of, see Columbus, Christopher (Cristóbal Colon), voyages of
divided between Spain and Portugal, 16.1, 18.1, 21.1
earlier discoveries of
as exotic paradise
explorers of, 17.1, 17.2; see also specific individuals
Ferdinand’s callous dealings with
indigenous inhabitants of, see Indians, of New World
Isabella’s legacy in, 16.1, 17.1, 24.1
missionary goal in, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 17.6, 21.1, 23.1, 24.1
Spanish casualties in, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 21.1
Spanish influence on, 17.1, 24.1
value of, 15.1, 17.1
Nicholas V, Pope, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 12.1
Nicolau, Joana
Nieto, Hernando
Niña, 243, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
Niño, Pedro Alonso, 17.1, 17.2
Niños family, 15.1, 17.1
Noah
North Africa, 13.1, 13.2, 19.1, 23.1, 24.1
Jews relocated to, 13.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 20.1
Muslim conquest of, 1.1, 12.1
Muslim relocations to, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3
Portuguese campaign in
Spain’s proximity to, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 13.2, 19.1, 24.1
North America
Norwich, John Julius
Nubdhat Al-Asr, 13.1, 13.2
nudity:
Christian prohibition of, 18.1, 18.2
of Indians, 15.1, 15.2
nuns, nunneries, 2.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 14.1, 18.1, 23.1
oaths, loyalty
Ocaña, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1
Office of the Dead
Old Christians, 9.1, 14.1, 14.2
Old St Paul’s Cathedral
Oliveira Marques, Antonio Henrique, 18.1, 20.1, 21.1
Oliver-Copóns, Don Eduardo de
Oman, Charles
omens, 1.1, 1.2
Oran
Order of St. John of Jerusalem
Order of Santiago
Orthodox Church, 1.1, 1.2
Otranto:
martyrs of
Ottoman attack on, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 14.2, 18.1, 19.1
Ottoman Turks:
aggressive incursions of, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 14.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, 20.1, 20.2, 24.1, 24.2, aft.1
Albanian insurrection against
brutality of, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 14.1, 19.1
depicted in paintings
Europe demoralized by
Fall of Constantinople to
Ferdinand and Isabella’s opposition to
Jews and, 14.1, 14.2, 20.1, 20.2
naval strategy of, 12.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4
non-Muslims as soldiers for
succession battles of, 12.1, 12.2, 19.1
threat to Christianity (fifteenth to seventeenth century) from, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1, 16.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 22.1, 24.1, aft.1
see also Bayezid II; Mehmed II “the Conqueror”
Ovando, Nicholás de
Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo Fernández, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4
Pacheco, Juan, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1
death of
Pacheco, Juan (son)
Pacific Ocean, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
Palencia, Alonso de, 1.1, 2.1
, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 13.1, 13.2
Palestine
Paloma (Jewish matron)
Pamplona
Panama, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, aft.1
Isabella’s legacy in
Panama Canal, 17.1, aft.1
Pane, Ramon
papacy, popes, 3.1, 5.1, 11.1, 14.1
alliance for defense of
army of
choosing of, 8.1, 8.2
Muslim threat to
Ottoman Turks opposed by
patronage within, 8.1, 8.2
schism of, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2
slaves held by
vice and corruption in, 8.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 22.1, 22.2
see also Vatican; specific individuals
papal bulls, 14.1, 16.1
papal dispensations, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 21.1, 21.2, 22.1, 22.2, 23.1
Parisatys, queen of Persia
Parry, V. J., 19.1, 24.1
Parthenon
Pastor, Ludwig
patronage, of the arts
Paul, Saint
Paul II, Pope, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 16.1, 16.2
Paul of Burgos (Alonso de Cartagena)
peasants, subjugation of
Pedro, king of Spain
Pedro (son of João I)
Pedro de Luna
Pelayo, 1.1, 2.1, 7.1, 24.1
Penalos, Francisco
penance, 14.1, 23.1
physical suffering as
Peralta, Mosén Pierres de
“Perfects,”
Perpignan, 6.1, 7.1, 16.1, 19.1, 22.1
Persian Empire
Peru
Peter, Saint
Philip, archduke of Austria “the Handsome,” “the Fair,” 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 21.1, 21.2, 23.1, 23.2, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3
death of
in power struggle for throne of Castile, 24.1, 24.2
Philip II
Philip the Good, 18.1, 18.2
Phillips, William
Piccolomini, Enea Silvio, see Pius II, Pope
Pietá (Michelangelo)
pilgrims, pilgrimages, 1.1, 14.1, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 22.1, 23.1
threats to, 3.1, 9.1, 19.1
Pinelli, Franco
Pinta, 15.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
Pinturicchio
Pinzón, Francisco, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
Pinzón, Martin Alonso, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 17.1
Pinzón, Vicente Yáñez, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 17.1, 17.2
pirates, Turkish, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 20.1, 24.1
Pius II, Pope, 8.1, 12.1, 16.1, 16.2
Pius III, Pope
Pizarro, Captain
Pizarro, Francisco
plague, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 13.1, 14.1, 21.1, 24.1, aft.1
Plasencia, Count of, 5.1, 7.1
Plateresque architecture
Plutarch’s Lives,
poisoning:
as political tool, 4.1, 24.1
suspected, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 19.1, 19.2, 22.1, 24.1
in weaponry, 13.1, 17.1