71 CL, 1218.
72 CL, 1216.
73 CL, 1218.
74 CL, 1216.
75 CL, 1216.
76 CL, 1218+ n.
77 CL, 1219: R. Turner to Thomas H. Bell, [1935] (Clark), states that OW’s hair was shaved, and the leeches applied, ‘two days before his died’ – i.e. on 28 November.
78 Fr Cuthbert Dunne (1869–1950), ‘Extracts from the Memoir of Father Cuthbert Dunne, C.P.’, ts (Austin); Rev. Edmund Burke, ‘Oscar Wilde: the final scene’, London Magazine, 1, no. 2 (May 1961). CL, 1219–20.
79 CL, 1220.
80 RR to A. Schuster, mentions that OW was given ‘the last sacraments’ on ‘the morning before he died’, CL, 1226; Fr Dunne’s own account, ‘Extracts from Memoir of Father Cuthbert Dunne, C.P’ and CL, 1223–4, indicate that he made at least one return visit to Wilde’s sick-chamber, and possibly more.
81 CL, 1220.
82 CL, 1225.
83 CL, 1229.
84 CL, 1229.
85 [LAD] ‘Oscar Wilde’s Last Years in Paris’, in The Trial of Oscar Wilde: from the Shorthand Reports, 117.
86 The Times, 1 December 1900.
87 The Sunday Times, 2 December 1900.
88 CL, 1229, PMG, 1 December 1900.
Image Credits
Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and gain permission to reproduce images. We apologise if there are any errors or omissions and would be happy to make any amendments in future editions.
We would particularly like to thank Merlin Holland for his help in sourcing many of the images in this book.
Part openers
p. 2 The William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, Los Angeles; p. 60 Shutterstock Premier; p. 134 Hulton Archive/Getty Images; p. 198 Library of Congress; p. 270 The William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, Los Angeles; p. 378 Courtesy of Robert Whelan; p. 462 Bridgeman Images; p. 530 London Evening News, May 1895; p. 586 The Standard, Vol. XIII, September 1895, New York; p. 626 Topfoto.co.uk; p. 672 ullstein bild/Getty Images; p. 716 Hulton Archive/Getty Images.
Plate sections
1, 2, 3, 12, 15, 23, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 45, 46, 49, 50, 53, 54, 59, 61, 62 Private collection of Merlin Holland; 11, 47 The William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, Los Angeles; 9, 10, Magdalen College, Oxford; 42 © Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford/Estate of Max Beerbohm; 22 Punch Magazine; 52 National Archives; 4, 29, 30, 60 Library of Congress; 57 Berkshire Record Office; 40 Courtesy of C. Barlas and Rivendale Press; 5 Portora Royal School; 7, 16, 18, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 34, 48, 50 Getty Images; 8, 13, 17, 21, 39 Bridgeman Images; 6, 33, 41, 44, 58 Alamy Stock Photo; 43 Shutterstock Premier; 14 Google Art Project.
Index
Please note: Because pages in eBooks are not fixed, the page references in the index will not be stable. Please use the search function of your reader to locate the position of the entries in the text
the Academy, review of OW’s Poems 186–7
Acland, Sir Henry 53, 114
Adam, Madam 429
Adam, Paul 595
Adams, Clover 221–2
Adams, Henry 221
Adderley, Rev. James 623–4
Adey, More 576, 702, 709, 714
and OW’s exile 635, 652, 662, 668
and OW’s finances 593–4, 605, 621, 622–3
and OW’s imprisonment 592, 603–4, 606, 610, 613, 618, 621
and OW’s release from prison 627, 628, 629
Aeschylus 91, 114
Agamemnon 35, 42, 164
Eumenides 332–3
and OW’s lecture tour of Britain 304
Aestheticism
at Oxford 187–8
Grosvenor Gallery exhibition 109–10, 110, 113–15, 121, 143, 177
and interior decoration 97–100, 121, 145
and OW at Oxford 121–3
and OW in London 136, 140, 143, 157–9
and OW’s American lecture tour 193, 199–200, 201, 202, 208, 220, 221–2, 225–6, 230–1
and OW’s trial 564
and Rome’s art treasures 107–8
satire of 170–4, 193
see also Pre-Raphaelites
Afghan War 165
Ainslie, Douglas 316–17, 335, 456
Albany, OW’s American lecture tour 209, 223
Alcott, Louisa M. 204
Alexander, George 405, 412–13, 446, 458, 469, 538, 542, 548, 571
and The Importance of Being Earnest 513, 515, 518, 533–4, 536, 593
and Lady Windermere’s Fan 325, 423, 439–41, 444, 456, 498
and OW’s exile in France 639, 693, 701–2, 705
Alexander the Great 104, 107
Alexander II, Czar of Russia 168, 192, 195
Algeria 534–6, 537, 538
Alice, Princess of Monaco 423, 429
Allen, Grant 411
Allen, Mr (Oxford tutor) 100, 101, 109
Allen, W.D. 64
Allen, William 547, 550
Allis, Alix 524
Alma-Tadema, Laurence 181
Althaus, Fred 371, 383
Anderson, Mary 213, 263, 264–5, 271, 273–4, 277, 283–4, 286, 386
Angelico, Fra 65, 73, 74
Anrep, Helen 719
Applegate, Mary 568–9
Appleton, George 313, 315, 325
Appleton, Tom 258
Archer, William 328, 330, 455, 478
Aristophanes, Clouds 70, 76
Aristotle 91
Ethics 64
Arnold, Matthew 42, 64, 65, 117, 141, 143, 329, 380, 418
‘The Function of Criticism in the Present Time’ 397
and OW’s Poems 185, 186
Art Journal 356
Arthur, Chester 212
The Artist 525
Ashton, I.D.W. (‘Sir John’) 658
Asquith, Herbert 411, 421, 505, 559–60, 575, 591
the Athenaeum 131, 165, 673
Athens 105–6, 144, 152
Atkins, Fred 468, 546, 547, 553
and OW’s trial 562–3, 572, 573, 574
Atkinson, G.T. 63, 86
Atwood, Roland 415
Augustine, St, Confessions 591
Austen, Jane 29, 404
Australia 257, 265, 440, 475, 511, 525
Avory, Horace 579
Badley, J.H. 333–4, 520
Balcombe, Florence (later Stoker) 93, 94, 115, 131, 147–8, 156
Balfour, Arthur 420, 421
Defence of Philosophic Doubt 359–60
The Ballad of Reading Gaol (Wilde) 637–9, 641, 645–6, 652–3, 654–5, 659–61, 663–4, 665, 667, 684, 686, 693, 699, 715
in America 669
‘Author’s Edition’ 675
earnings from 680
publication of in London 673–5, 676, 691
success of 694–5
Trooper Wooldridge in 661, 664
Baltimore, OW’s American lecture tour 209, 219–20, 223
Balzac, Honoré de 9, 258, 272
Comédie Humaine 275
Bancroft, Minnie 196, 371
Bancroft, Squire 140, 196, 478
Banville, Théodore, Le Baiser 446
Barlas, John 408–9, 410, 411, 414, 439
Barnes, General 245
Barney, Natalie 259
Barnum, P.T. 219, 254
Barrès, Maurice 604
Barrett Browning, Elizabeth 9, 30, 186
Barrett, Lawrence 264, 286, 295, 386, 387, 411–12
Barrow, Jack 116
Barton 68, 101
Bastien-Lepage, Jules 159
Baudelaire, Charles 281, 310, 323, 372, 374, 392, 432, 433
Les Fleurs du Mal 55, 279, 280
Bauer, Henri 595, 604, 675, 684
Beardsley, Aubrey 537, 642, 644
and the Ballad of Reading Gaol 645–6
death 681–2
illustrations 482, 494, 499–500, 503
translation of Salomé 493
and the Yellow Bo
ok 500, 503, 564, 641–2
Beardsley, Mabel 537
beauty
celebration of male beauty 99
OW on 120–1
Ruskin’s theory of 65–6, 123
see also Aestheticism
Beck, Philip 312
Beecher, Henry Ward 259, 266, 293
Beerbohm, Max 481–2, 492, 505, 520, 521, 523, 669
‘Defence of Cosmetics’ 503
The Happy Hypocrite 629
‘Oscar Wilde by An American’ 482, 503
and OW’s trial 570–1, 573–4, 576
‘A Peep into the Past’ 500
Beerbohm Tree, Herbert 171, 368, 421, 458, 466, 527
and OW’s ‘madness of kisses’ letter 479, 480
in A Woman of No Importance 477–8, 701
Beerbohm Tree, Mrs 421
Beere, ‘Bernie’ 477, 629
Beere, Mrs Bernard 195, 240–1
Belgium 150–1
Bellew, Kyrle 697, 709
Bellini, Giovanni 73
Bennett, Rev. W.J.E. 31–2
Benson, Eugene 108, 143
Benson, F.R. 164
Beranger, Gabriel 92, 93
Berenson, Bernard 341, 343, 368, 396, 503, 504, 668, 674
Berkeley, Bishop George 54
Berneval-sur-Mer, OW’s exile in 631–48, 687
Bernhardt, Sarah 146–7, 156, 159, 200, 203, 212, 278, 309, 639, 640
and OW’s trial 565
and Salomé 437, 453–4, 538, 539, 566
in Tosca 694
Bierce, Ambrose 243–4
Bigelow, John 210
Bigelow, Mrs John 204
Bingham Rectory 91–2
Biograph and Review, profile of OW in 165–6, 167
Biron, Chartres 489
‘The Birthday of the Princess’ 380–1
Bishop, W. Irving 182
Bispham, David 403
Black and White magazine 446
Blacker, Carlos 344, 364, 366, 382, 416, 456, 466–7, 494, 495
and the Dreyfus affair 677–8
and OW’s exile
in France 644, 646, 648, 680, 681, 683–4
in Naples 650, 651, 652
Blacker, Carrie 677
Blackwood’s Magazine 143, 382, 384, 385, 388
Blaine, Senator and Mrs 221
Blake, William 337, 372
Blanche, Jacque-Emile 644
Blanche, Jacques-Emile 276, 416, 431
Blavatsky, Madame 383, 384
Blaydes, Wilfrid 668, 670
Bloxam, J.F. 544
Bloxam, John 526
Blunt, Wilfrid 420, 422, 428, 445, 451, 505, 511, 516
In Vinculis 359
The Bodley Head 438–9, 475, 564
uniform edition of OW plays 482
Bodley, J.E.C. 63, 67–8, 69, 71, 84, 91, 119, 125
and Freemasonry 69, 70
in Paris 429, 690
and Ruskin 65
Bogue, David 183, 438–9
Boniface, George C. 293
Boon, John 510
Boston
OW’s lectures in 209, 223–6, 232–3
Roberts Brothers 184, 212, 364
Boston Globe 228
Boston Pilot 84, 184, 223, 294
Botticelli, Sandro 65
Boucicault, Dion
and OW’s American lecture tour 192, 232, 234
and OW’s Vera 169–70, 195, 296
Boucicault, Dot 195, 241
Bourget, Paul 276, 280, 282, 308, 604
Bovio, Giovanni 657
Bowden, Fr Sebastian 124–5
Boyd, Frank M. 510
Bradley, Katharine 404
Bradley, Margaret (later Margaret L. Woods)121 123, 124, 353
Braggiotti, Madam 224
Bramley, Mr, dean of Magdalen 103
Bridge, Sir John 561, 563
Brighton
OW and Alphonse Conway in 522
OW and Douglas in 522–3
Britain
OW’s lecture tour of 289–92, 299, 301–2, 303–4, 313–16, 325
‘Dress’ 313–15, 316
‘The House Beautiful’ 298, 299, 304, 305, 313
‘Personal Impressions of America’ 289–92, 297–8, 299, 370
‘The Value of Art in Modern Life’ 314–15, 321
British Association 131, 136
British Association for the Advancement of Science 4
Brodrick, St John 292, 420
Bromley, Mrs Valentine 143
Brooke, Margaret, Lady 423
Brookfield, Charles
Godpapa 520
and OW’s case against Queensberry 547
The Poet and the Puppets 447–8, 455, 527
Broughton, Rhoda 124, 328
Brown, Ford Madox 180
Brown-Potter, Mrs 697, 705, 709
Browne, Denis 659
Browning, Oscar 119, 145, 185, 186–7, 333, 351, 601
Browning, Robert 156, 185, 224, 380
Strafford 392
Bryan, Alfred 297
Buchanan, Robert 45, 570
Buffalo Bill 357
Buffalo (New York state), OW’s lecture (‘Decorative Arts’) 235
Bulley, Dr 67, 100
Bulley, Rev. Frederic 54
Burges, William 179
Burnand, F.C. 500
The Colonel 173, 181–2
Burne-Jones, Edward 45, 53, 97, 110, 114, 122, 143, 161, 674
Beguiling of Merlin 276–7
and OW in London 159, 179–80, 181
Whistler on 178
Burne-Jones, Margaret 185, 307
Burne-Jones, Philip 179, 566, 577
Burnett, Dr Swann 221
Burnett, Frances Hodgson 221
Burns, John 360, 362
Burroughs, John 259
Butt, Isaac 8, 10, 23
Byron, George Gordon, Lord 72, 718
Caine, Hall 590
Calhoun, Anna 386
California, OW lectures in 241, 243–7
Cambridge
OW and Constance’s visit to 332–5
University 145, 332–3
Campbell, Lady Archibald 177, 182, 353
Campbell, Lady Colin 357
Campbell, Mrs Patrick 499
Canada, OW lectures in 253, 254, 259, 260
Cane, Hall 185
‘The Canterville Ghost’ (Wilde) 346–7
Capri 655–6
The Cardinal of Avignon (Wilde) 263, 498, 504, 512, 593
Carlyle, Thomas 55, 319
History of the French Revolution 55
Carroll, Lewis 334
Carson, Edward 49, 359, 542, 543, 546, 550–5, 556–7, 561, 570, 706
Carte, Lucas D’Oyly 473
Carte, Richard D’Oyly 322, 473
and OW’s American lecture tour 192–4, 202, 219, 232, 233, 256
and OW’s Vera 251–2
Carton, R.C., Liberty Hall 439
Cartwright, Charles 412
Cassell’s Publishing Company 350, 356, 387
Catholicism
and OW in Rome 106, 107, 702–3
and OW’s death 713, 714
and OW’s exile in France 634
and OW’s final illness 711
OW’s interest in 52–3, 79–80, 84, 90, 92, 100, 101, 102, 115, 116, 124–5
and OW’s release from prison 628
OW’s religious poetry 84–5
OW’s second baptism at Enniskerry 15–16, 52–3
Cavendish, Ada 305, 312
Cazin, Jean-Charles 276
Cecil, Lord Edward 505
Cellini, Benvenuto 249
Century Guild 337
Chambers, Haddon 424
The Chameleon 526, 544, 545–6, 551, 570, 573
Champion, H.H. 439
Chantemesle 684–5
Charles, Justice Arthur 567, 583
Chatterton, Thomas 278, 279, 337–8, 372
Chennevières-sur-Marne 697
Chesson, Wilfrid 687
Chiara, Biagio 666
Chicago, OW lectures in 209, 235–6, 237, 238, 239
Childers 69
Childs, George W. 214
Chinese art, and OW in San Francisco 244–5
Chiswick Press 664
Christian, Princess 350, 353
Christianity
intellectual challenges to at Oxford 64–5
OW and Jesus 410, 430, 616–17
see also Catholicism
Churchill, Lady Randolph 488
Churchill, Winston 89
Cimabue, Giovanni 65
Claisse, Dr Paul 712–13
Clarke, Sir Edward 674
and OW’s trial 562, 569, 570, 572, 580, 582, 583
and Queensberry’s libel trial 543–4, 550, 555, 556, 557, 572
classical scholarship
at Oxford 64
Meineke’s Fragments of the Greek Comic Poets 53–4, 55
OW and 34–5, 36, 53–4
Symonds’ Studies of the Greek Poets 46–7
Trinity College Dublin 40, 41, 42, 46–7, 48, 54
Mahaffy’s Social Life in Ancient Greece 55–7
Cliburn, Robert 547, 550
Clifton, Arthur 341, 442, 487, 597–8, 601, 627
Clouet, François 90
Coghlan, Rose 262–3
Cohen, Alexander 590
Cole, Alan 321
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 337
Rime of the Ancient Mariner 638
Collier, John 328
Collins, Justice Henn 549
The Colonel (Burnand) 173, 181–2
Colorado, OW lectures in 241, 247–9
Colvin, Sidney 229
Comyns Carr, Alice 160
Comyns Carr, Joe 345–6
Forgiveness 439
Papers on Art 326
Conan Doyle, Arthur 386–7, 532
Conder, Charles 431, 632–3, 648, 684–5, 698
Conforti, Luigi 657–8
Conover, Anna 312
Conway, Alphonse 422, 517, 520, 546, 547, 552, 555, 561
Cook, E.T. 359
Cook (private detective) 506, 544
Cooper, Edith 404, 451
Cooperative Dress Association 212, 213
Copeland & Day 504–5
Coppée, François 604
Coquelin the elder 273, 279
Correggio, ‘Danae’ 108, 115
Costelloe, Mary 343–4, 503–4
Cotter, Jane 582
Court and Society Review 346–8, 405
Cowper, Lord and Lady 423
Crabbet Club 421, 570
Craik, Mrs, John Halifax, Gentleman 351
Crane, Walter 110, 140, 364
Crawfurd, Oswald 444–5, 446
Crespigny, Sir Claude de 577
Creswell, ‘Gussy’ 98, 99, 292
‘The Critic as Artist’ (Wilde) 718
Oscar Page 118
