Ariminum was in no mood to fight; when Caesar and the Thirteenth reached that prosperous town at the top of the Via Flaminia, its populace turned out armed with autumn garlands, adorned the troops and cheered Caesar deafeningly. It came, Caesar had to admit, as something of a surprise, for Ariminum lay at the top of Pompey's dominions and could well have chosen Pompey and the Senate. In which case, wondered Caesar, how much fighting might there be? He learned that Thermus was in Iguvium, Lucilius Hirrus in Camerinum, Lentulus Spinther in Ancona, and Varus in Auximum. Lentulus Spinther had succeeded in raising the most troops, about ten cohorts; the others had five cohorts each. Not very fearsome odds for the Thirteenth. Especially if the ordinary folk of Italia were on Caesar's side. Suddenly that seemed likely, a great comfort. Blood wasn't what Caesar was after; the less of it he had to spill, the better. Antony, Quintus Cassius, Curio and Caelius reached the camp outside Ariminum early on that eleventh day of January. A sorry sight in torn and bloodied togas, faces bruised and cut, the two tribunes of the plebs were perfect for Caesar's purpose. He called the Thirteenth into assembly and presented Antony and Quintus Cassius to them in all their glory. "This is why we're here!" said Caesar. "This is what we have marched into Italia to prevent! No body of Roman men, no matter how ancient or august, has the right to violate the sacred persons of the tribunes of the plebs, who came into being to protect the lot of the ordinary people, the vast numbers of the Plebs from the Head Count through Rome's soldiers to her business people and civil servants! For we cannot call the plebeians of the Senate anything other than would-be patricians! In treating two tribunes of the plebs the way the Senate's plebeians have treated Marcus Antonius and Quintus Cassius, they have abrogated their plebeian status and heritage! "The person of a tribune of the plebs is inviolable, and his right to veto inalienable. Inalienable! All Antonius and Cassius did was to veto a scurrilous decree aimed at them and, through them, aimed at me. I have offended them, those would-be patricians of the Senate, by raising Rome's image in the eyes of the rest of the world and adding vast riches to Rome's purse. For I am not one of them. I have never been one of them. A senator, yes. A magistrate, yes. Consul, yes. But never one of that petty, small-minded, vindictive little group who call themselves the Good Men, the boni! Who have embarked upon a program designed to destroy the right of the People to a say in government, who have embarked upon a program to ensure that the only governing body left in Rome is the Senate. Their Senate, boys, not my Senate! My Senate is your servant. Their Senate wants to be your master. It wants to decide how much you are paid, when your service with generals like me is to be terminated, whether or not you are to receive a little parcel of land to settle on when you retire. It wants to regulate the size of your bonuses, your percentage of the booty, how many of you will walk in a triumphal parade. It even wants to decide whether or not you're entitled to the citizenship, whether or not your backs, which have bowed down serving Rome, are to be jellied by the barbed lash. It wants you, Rome's soldiers, to acknowledge it your master. It wants you cowed and sniveling like the meanest beggar in a Syrian street!" Hirtius huffed contentedly. "He's away," he said to Curio. "It's going to be one of his best speeches." "He can't lose," said Curio. Caesar swept on. "This little group of men and the Senate they manipulate have impugned my dignitas, my right and entitlement to public honor through personal endeavor. All that I have done they want to destroy, calling what I have done treasonous! And in wanting to destroy my dignitas, in calling me treasonous, they are destroying your dignitas, calling what you have done treasonous! "Think of them, boys! All those weary miles those nundinae of empty bellies those sword cuts, arrow punctures, spear rents those deaths in the front line, so noble, so brave! think of them! Think of where we've been think of what we've done think of the work, the sweat, the privation, the loneliness! Think of the colossal glory we've amassed for Rome! And to what avail? So that our tribunes of the plebs can be punched and kicked, so that our achievements can be sneered at, dismissed, shit upon by a precious little clique of would-be patricians! Poor soldiers and worse generals, every last one of them! Who ever heard of Cato the general? Ahenobarbus the conqueror?" Caesar paused, grinned, shrugged. "But who among you even knows the name Cato? Ahenobarbus, maybe his great-grandfather wasn't a bad soldier! So, boys, I'll give you a name you do know Gnaeus Pompeius who awarded himself the cognomen of Magnus! Yes, Gnaeus Pompeius, who ought to be fighting for me, fighting for you! But who, in his fat and torpid old age, has elected to hold a sponge on a stick to clean the arses of his boni friends! Who has turned his back on the concept of the army! Who has supported this campaign against me and my boys from its very beginning! Why? Why did he do that? Because he's outfought, outgeneraled, outclassed and outraged! Because he's not 'Great' enough to admit that someone else's army is better than any army he ever commanded! Who is there to equal my boys? No one! No one! You're the best soldiers who ever picked up a sword and a shield in Rome's name! So here I am, and here you are, on the wrong side of a river and on our way to avenge our mangled, our despised dignitas! "I would not go to war for any reason less. I would not oppose those senatorial idiots for any reason less. My dignitas is the center of my life; it is everything I have ever done! I will not let it be taken from me! Nor see your dignitas taken from you. Whatever I am, you are! We've marched together to cut off all three of Cerberus's heads! We've suffered through snow and ice, hail and rain! We've crossed an ocean, climbed mountains, swum mighty rivers! We've beaten the bravest peoples in the world to their knees! We've made them submit to Rome! And what can poor old has-been Gnaeus Pompeius say in answer to that? Nothing, boys, nothing! So what has he chosen to do? Try to strip it all from us, boys the honor, the fame, the glory, the miracle! Everything we lump together and call dignitas!" He stopped, held out his arms as if to embrace them. "But I am your servant, boys. I exist because of you. It's you who must make the final decision. Do we march on into Italia to avenge our tribunes of the plebs and recover our dignitas? Or do we about-face and return to Ravenna? Which is it to be? On or back?" No one had moved. No one had coughed, sneezed, whispered a comment. And for a long moment after the General ceased speaking, that immense silence continued. Then the primipilus centurion opened his mouth. "On!" he roared. "On, on!" The soldiers took it up. "On! On! On! On!" Caesar stepped down from his dais and walked into the ranks, smiling, holding out his hand to shake every hand proffered to him, until he was swallowed up in a mail-clad mass. "What a man!" said Pollio to Orca.
But that afternoon over dinner, the four fugitives from Rome bathed and clad in leather armor, Caesar held a council of war. "Hirtius, was my speech recorded verbatim?" he asked. "It's being copied now, Caesar." "I want it distributed to all my legates and read out to every one of my legions." "Are they with us?" asked Caelius. "Your legates, I mean." "All save Titus Labienus." "That doesn't surprise me," said Curio. "Why?" pressed Caelius, the least informed and therefore the most prone to ask obvious questions. Caesar shrugged. "I didn't want Labienus." "How did your legates know?" "I visited Gallia Comata and my legates last October." "So you knew about this as far back as then." "My dear Caelius," said Caesar patiently, "the Rubicon has always been a possibility. Just one I would have preferred not to use. And, as you well know, have exerted every ounce of myself to avoid using. But it's a foolish man who doesn't thoroughly explore every possibility. Let us simply say that by last October I considered the Rubicon more a probability than a possibility." Caelius opened his mouth again, but shut it when Curio dug him sharply in the ribs. "Where to now?" asked Quintus Cassius. "It's evident that the opposition isn't well organized also that the common people prefer me to Pompeius and the boni," said Caesar, popping a piece of bread soaked in oil between his lips. He chewed, swallowed, spoke again. "I'm going to split the Thirteenth. Antonius, you'll take the five junior cohorts and march at once for Arretium to hold the Via Cassia. It's more important that I keep my avenues to Italian Gaul open at this moment than try to hold the Via Flaminia. Curio, you'll
stay in Ariminum with three cohorts until I send you word to march for Iguvium, from which town you'll eject Thermus. Once that's done I'll have the Via Flaminia as well as the Via Cassia. As for myself, I'm taking the two senior cohorts and continuing south into Picenum." "That's only a thousand men, Caesar," said Pollio, frowning. "They should be enough, but the possibility that I may need more is why Curio stays in Ariminum for the time being." "You're right, Caesar," said Hirtius soberly. "What matters isn't the quantity of the troops, but the quality of the men leading them. Perhaps Attius Varus will offer resistance, but Thermus, Hirrus and Lentulus Spinther? They couldn't lead a tethered ewe." "Which reminds me, I don't honestly know why," said Caesar, "that I must write to Aulus Gabinius. Time that doughty warrior was recalled from exile." "What about recalling Milo?" asked Caelius, Milo's friend. "No, not Milo," said Caesar curtly, and terminated the meal. "Did you notice," said Caelius later in private to Pollio, "that Caesar spoke as if it were in his power to recall exiles? Is he really so confident?" "He's not confident," said Pollio. "He knows." "But it's on the laps of the Gods, Pollio!" "And who," asked Pollio, smiling, "is the darling of the Gods? Pompeius? Cato? Rubbish! Never forget, Caelius, that a great man makes his luck. Luck is there for everyone to seize. Most of us miss our chances; we're blind to our luck. He never misses a chance because he's never blind to the opportunity of the moment. Which is why he's the darling of the Gods. They like brilliant men."
Caesar dawdled after he left Ariminum with his two cohorts, and had not gone very far when he put his men into camp on the evening of the fourteenth day of January; he wanted to be sure that he allowed the Senate every opportunity to come to agreement, nor did he relish killing fellow Romans. But not long after camp was pitched, two envoys from the Senate arrived on blown horses: young Lucius Caesar, son of Caesar's cousin at present in Narbo, and another young senator, Lucius Roscius. Both were boni; a grief to Lucius Caesar concerning his son, a peculiarly rigid and very un-Caesarish sprig on the Julian tree. "We're sent to ask you your terms for a withdrawal into Italian Gaul," said young Lucius Caesar stiffly. "I see," said his cousin, eyeing him reflectively. "Don't you think it's more important to enquire after your father first?" Young Lucius Caesar flushed. "Since I've not heard from him, Gaius Caesar, I presume he's well." "Yes, he is well." "And your terms?" Caesar opened his eyes wide. "Lucius, Lucius, patience! It's going to take me some days to work them out. In the meantime, you and Roscius will have to march with me. South." "That's treason, cousin." "Since I was accused of that when I kept to my own side of the border, Lucius, what difference can it make?" "I have a letter from Gnaeus Pompeius," Roscius interrupted. "For which I thank you," said Caesar, taking it. After a pause during which nobody moved, he inclined his head very regally. "You may go. Hirtius will look after you." They didn't like being so dismissed by a traitor, but they went. Caesar sat down and opened Pompey's letter.
What a sorry mess this is, Caesar. I must confess, however, that I never thought you'd do it. With one legion? You'll go down. You can't not. Italia is alive with troops. I'm writing, really, to beg you to put the interests of the Republic ahead of your own. That's what I've done myself from the beginning of this tangle. Frankly, it's more in my interest to side with you, isn't it? Together we could rule the world. But one of us can't, because one of us isn't strong enough. You taught me that back before you were consul, as I remember. And reinforced it at Luca six years ago. No, seven years ago. How time flies! Seven years since I've laid eyes on you. I hope you're not personally insulted by the fact that I've chosen to oppose you. There's nothing personal in it, I do assure you. I made my decision based on what is best for Rome and the Republic. But surely, Caesar, you of all men must realize that leading an armed insurrection is a vain hope. If you believe, as I do, that Sulla was in the right of it and simply returned to Italia to claim what was legally his, then no armed insurrection has succeeded. Look at Lepidus and Brutus. Look at Catilina. Is that what you want for yourself, an ignominious death? Think, Caesar, please. I urge you to put aside your anger and ambitions. For the sake of our beloved Republic! If you do put aside your anger and ambitions, I'm positive an accommodation can be arrived at between you and the Senate. I'll lend such an accommodation my absolute support. I have put aside my anger and ambitions. For the sake of the Republic. Think of Rome first and always, Caesar! Don't harm the Republic! If you remain determined to harm your enemies, you must inevitably also harm the Republic. Your enemies are as much a part of the Republic as you are. Do, please, consider your alternatives. Send us back a reasonable man's answer with young Lucius Caesar and Lucius Roscius. Come to terms with us and withdraw into Italian Gaul. It's prudent. It's patriotic.
His smile a little twisted, Caesar screwed the short missive into a ball and tossed it among the coals on the brazier. "What a sanctimonious fart you are, Pompeius!" he said as he watched the piece of paper flare up, dwindle. "So I have but one legion, eh? I wonder what you'd have said in that letter if you'd known I'm marching south with no more than two cohorts! A thousand men, Pompeius! If you knew, you'd come chasing after me. But you won't. The only legions with any merit you have are the Sixth and the Fifteenth, who fought for me. And you're not sure how they'd react if you ordered them to draw their swords in full sight of me, their old commander."
A thousand men were definitely enough. When Pisaurum yielded amid cheers and flowers, Caesar sent back to Ariminum and started Curio off to eject Thermus from Iguvium. Then Fanum Fortunae yielded more cheers, more flowers. On the sixteenth day of January, with the Senate's two envoys as witnesses, Caesar accepted the surrender of the big seaport of Ancona amid cheers and flowers. He had not so far spilled one drop of Roman blood. Of Lentulus Spinther and his ten cohorts there was no sign; he had withdrawn south to Asculum Picentum. Nor did Caesar's behavior disillusion the towns which had capitulated; he exacted no reprisals of any kind and paid for whatever he requisitioned for his troops.
ROME TO CAMPANIA
On the day before Caesar received Pompey's letter, the thirteenth day of January, a man on a foundering horse had crossed the Mulvian Bridge north of Rome. The guard posted there after the Senatus Consultum Ultimum had been passed informed the man that the Senate was meeting in Pompey's curia on the Campus Martius, and gave him a fresh mount to finish the last few miles of his journey. A client of Pompey's who had taken it upon himself to keep an eye on the road between Ravenna and Ariminum, the horseman had chosen to make the ride to Rome himself because he was dying to see how the Senate took the news he was bringing. As anyone would who had a sense of history and a wish to belong to a great moment, he reflected as he spurred his horse with a loud clatter onto the terrazzo floor outside the Curia Pompeia. He slid off the animal, walked to the closed pair of bronze doors and hammered them with his fist. A startled lictor opened one to stick his head around it; Pompey's client yanked the door wide, then strode into the chamber. "Here, you can't enter the Senate in closed session!" cried the lictor. "Fathers of the Senate, I have news!" the invader roared. Every head turned; both Marcellus Minor and Lentulus Crus rose from their ivory chairs to stand gaping at him while he looked about for Pompey, whom he located in the front row on the left-hand side. "What news, Nonius?" asked Pompey, recognizing him. "Gaius Caesar has crossed the Rubicon and is advancing on Ariminum with one legion!" In the act of rising, Pompey froze for a moment before he flopped limply back onto his curule chair. All feeling seemed to have gone; he was conscious only of a ghastly numbness, and could not manage to speak. "It's civil war!" whispered Gaius Marcellus Minor. Lentulus Crus, a more dominant man by far than Marcellus Minor, took a faltering step forward. "When, man?" he asked, face faded to grey. "He rode his battle horse with the toes across the Rubicon shortly before sunset three days ago, honored consul." "Jupiter!" squeaked Metellus Scipio. "He did it!" These words acted like the opening of a sluice gate upon a dammed-up flood; the senators rushed headlong for the doors, became jammed in the aperture, fought and scrabbled to get out,
fled in panic across the peristyle and away toward the city. A moment later, only a handful of boni remained. Sensation returned to Pompey, who managed to get up. "Come with me," he said curtly, going to the door which permitted entry into his villa. Cornelia Metella took one look at their faces as the band streamed into the atrium and decided to absent herself, which left Pompey to hand his client Nonius to the steward with a request that he be well treated. "My thanks," he said, patting the man on the shoulder. Well pleased with his contribution to history, Nonius went off. Pompey led the rest into his study, where everyone clustered around the console table bearing wine and poured it unwatered with shaking hands. Save Pompey, who sat in his chair behind his desk without caring what sort of insult that was to consuls and consulars. "One legion!" he said when his guests had all found seats and were looking at him as if at the only piece of cork in a tempestuously heaving sea. "One legion!" "The man must be insane," muttered Gaius Marcellus Minor, wiping the sweat from his face with the purple border of his toga. But those anguished, bewildered eyes fixed on him seemed to have a more tonic effect than wine would have; Pompey threw his chest out, put his hands on his desk and cleared his throat. "The sanity of Gaius Caesar is not the issue," he said. "He's challenged us. He's challenged the Senate and People of Rome. With one legion he's crossed the Rubicon, with one legion he's advancing on Ariminum, with one legion he intends to conquer Italia." Pompey shrugged. "He can't do it. Mars couldn't do it." "I suspect, from all one knows about Mars, that Caesar is a better general," said Gaius Marcellus Major dryly. Ignoring this, Pompey looked at Cato, who hadn't said one word since Nonius strode into the chamber and had gulped down a very large quantity of unwatered wine. "Well, Marcus Cato?" Pompey asked. "What do you suggest?" "That," said Cato in his most unmusical tones, "those who create great crises should also be the ones to put an end to them." "Meaning you had nothing to do with it, and I everything?" "My opposition to Caesar is political, not military." Pompey drew a breath. "Does this mean, then, that I am in command of resistance?" he asked Gaius Marcellus Minor, the senior consul. "Does it?" he asked the junior consul, Lentulus Crus. "Yes, of course, said Lentulus Crus when Marcellus Minor stayed mute. "Then," said Pompey briskly, "the first thing we have to do is send two envoys to Caesar at once and at the gallop." "What for?" asked Cato. "To discover on what terms he would be prepared to withdraw into Italian Gaul." "He won't withdraw," said Cato flatly. "One step at a time, Marcus Cato." Pompey's eyes roved over the ranks of the fifteen men who sat there and alighted upon young Lucius Caesar and his boon companion, Lucius Roscius. "Lucius Caesar, Lucius Roscius, you're elected to do the galloping. Take the Via Flaminia and commandeer fresh horses before the ones you're on fall dead under you. You don't stop, even to take a piss. Just aim backward from the saddle." He drew paper toward him and picked up a pen. "You are official envoys and you'll speak for the entire Senate, including its magistrates. But you'll also carry a letter from me to Caesar." He grinned without amusement. "A personal plea to think of the Republic first, not to injure the Republic." "All Caesar wants is a monarchy," said Cato. Pompey didn't reply until the letter was written and sprinkled with sand. Then he said, rolling it up and heating wax to seal it, "We don't know what Caesar wants until he tells us." He pressed his ring into the blob of wax, handed the letter to Roscius. "You keep it, Roscius, as my envoy. Lucius Caesar will do the talking for the Senate. Now go. Ask my steward for horses they'll be better than anything you've got. We're already north of the city, so it will save time to start from here." "But we can't ride in togas!" said Lucius Caesar. "My man will give you riding gear, even if it doesn't fit. Now go!" barked the General. They went. "Spinther's in Ancona with as many men as Caesar has," said Metellus Scipio, brightening. "He'll deal with it." "Spinther," said Pompey, showing his teeth, "was still busy dithering over sending troops to Egypt after Gabinius had already restored Ptolemy Auletes to his throne. So let's not get our hopes up by expecting great things from Spinther. I'll send word to Ahenobarbus to join up with him and Attius Varus. Then we'll see." But every scrap of news over the next three days was dismal: Caesar had taken Ariminum, then he had taken Pisaurum, then he had taken Fanum Fortunae. With cheers and garlands, not opposition. And that was the real worry. No one had thought of the people of rural Italia and the smaller cities, the many towns. Particularly in Picenum, Pompey's own purlieu. To discover now that Caesar was advancing unopposed with a mere two cohorts! paying for what he ate and harming no one, was appalling news. Capped in the afternoon of the seventeenth day of January by two messages: the first, that Lentulus Spinther and his ten cohorts had quit Ancona to retreat to Asculum Picentum; and the second, that Caesar had been cheered into Ancona. The Senate met at once. "Incredible!" shouted that famous fence-sitter Philippus. "With five thousand men, Spinther wouldn't stay to meet Caesar and a thousand men! What am I doing here in Rome? Why am I not taking myself to grovel at Caesar's feet this moment? The man's got you bluffed! You're exactly what he always calls you couch generals! And that goes for you too these days, Pompeius Magnus!" "I am not responsible for deputing Spinther to defend Ancona!" Pompey roared. "That, Philippus, if you remember, was the decision of this House! And you voted for it!" "I wish I'd voted to make Caesar the King of Rome!" "Shut your seditious mouth!" shrieked Cato. "And you, you pokered-up bag of meaningless political cant, can shut yours!" Philippus shouted back. "Order!" said Gaius Marcellus Minor in a tired voice. Which seemed to work better than a holler; Philippus and Cato sat down, glaring at each other. "We are here to decide on a course of action," Marcellus Minor went on, "not to bicker. How much bickering do you think is going on at Caesar's headquarters? The answer to that, I imagine, is none. Caesar wouldn't tolerate it. Why should Rome's consuls?" "Because Rome's consuls are Rome's servants, and Caesar has refused to be anyone's servant!" said Cato. "Oh, Marcus Cato, why do you persist in being so difficult, so obstructive? I want answers, not irrelevant statements or silly questions. How do we proceed to deal with this crisis?" "I suggest," said Metellus Scipio, "that this House confirm Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus in command of all our troops and legates." "I agree, Quintus Scipio," said Cato. "Those who precipitate great crises should be the ones to put an end to them. I hereby nominate Gnaeus Pompeius as commander-in-chief." "Listen," growled Pompey, acutely aware that Cato had refrained from using Magnus, "you said that to me the other day, and I resent it! I didn't cause this 'great crisis,' Cato! You did! You and all the rest of your boni confederates! I'm just the one you expect to get you out of the shit! But don't blame me for dropping us into it! You did, Cato, you did!" "Order!" sighed Marcellus Minor. "We have a motion, but I doubt a division is necessary. I'll see hands and hear ayes." The House voted overwhelmingly to appoint Pompey commander-in-chief of the Republic's forces and legates. Marcus Marcellus rose to his feet. "Conscript Fathers," he said, "I hear through Marcus Cicero that recruitment in Campania is atrociously slow. How can we speed matters up? We have to lay our hands on more soldiers." "Ha ha ha!" sneered Favonius, smarting because Pompey had chastised his beloved Cato. "Who was it always used to say that all he had to do to raise troops in Italia was stamp his foot on the ground? Who was that?" "You, Favonius, have four legs, whiskers and a long, naked tail!" snarled Pompey. "Tace!" "Speak as a result of the motion, Gnaeus Pompeius," said Gaius Marcellus Minor. "Very well then, I will!" snapped Pompey. "If recruitment in Campania is proceeding at a snail's pace, one can only blame those doing the recruiting. Like Marcus Cicero, whose head is probably in some obscure manuscript when it ought to be bent over the enlistment books. There are many thousands of soldiers to be had, Conscript Fathers, and you have just made it my job my job! to produce them. I will produce them. But a lot faster if the rats who skitter around Rome's sewers get out of my way!" "Are you calling me a rat?" yelled Favonius, leaping up. "Oh, sit down, you dullard! I called you a rat ages ago!" said Pompey. "Attend to business, Marcus Favonius, and try to use what passes for your mind!" "Order!" said Marcellus Minor wearily. "That's the trouble w
ith this wretched body!" Pompey went on wrathfully. "You all think you're entitled to your say! You all think you're entitled to run things! You all think every decision made has to be a democratic one! Well, let me tell you something! Armies can't be run on democratic principles. If they are, they founder. There's a commander-in-chief, and his word is law! LAW! I am now the commander-in-chief, and I won't be harassed and frustrated by a lot of incompetent idiots!" He got to his feet and walked to the middle of the floor. "I hereby declare a state of tumultus! On my say-so, not your vote! We are at war! And the last vote you made was the one that gave me the high command! I am assuming it! You will do as you are told! Hear me? Hear me? You will do as you are told!" "That depends," drawled Philippus, grinning. A comment Pompey chose to ignore. "It is my command that every senator leave Rome immediately! Any senator who remains in Rome beyond tomorrow will be regarded as a partisan of Caesar's, and be treated accordingly!" "Ye Gods," said Philippus with a huge sigh, "I hate Campania with winter coming on! Why shouldn't I remain in nice, snug Rome?" "By all means do so, Philippus!" said Pompey. "You are, after all, husband to Caesar's niece!" "And father-in-law to Cato," purred Philippus.
5. Caesar Page 57
