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Newspapers
El Globo (Venezuela)
El Nacional (Venezuela)
Notitarde (Venezuela)
La Prensa (Barinas, Venezuela)
La Razón (Venezuela)
Ultimas Noticias (Venezuela)
El Universal (Venezuela)
Clarín (Argentina)
La Nación (Argentina)
La Tercera (Chile)
El Espectador (Colombia)
El Tiempo (Colombia)
Granma (Cuba)
Liberazione (Italy)
La Jornada (México)
El Universal (México)
The Miami Herald (USA)
The New York Times (USA)
The Washington Post (USA)
Magazines
Comunicación (Venezuela)
Discurso y Sociedad (Venezuela)
Estampas (Venezuela)
Exceso (Venezuela)
Primicia (Venezuela)
Semanario Quinto Día (Venezuela)
Qué Pasa (Chile)
Gatopardo (Colombia)
Semana (Colombia)
Cambio (México)
Caretas (Perú)
Foreign Affairs (USA)
The New Yorker (USA)
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Energy Information Administration of the Department of Energy, U.S.A., www.eia.doe.gov
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Program for Education–Action in Human Rights, www.derechos.org.ve
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
CRISTINA MARCANO is a journalist with extensive experience in the Venezuelan media. She has worked as the chief of international information and the political subeditor for the newspaper El Nacional in Caracas. She currently works as a correspondent for the Mexican newspaper Reforma and as an independent collaborator for El Nacional.
ALBERTO BARRERA TYSZKA is a widely read Sunday editorial columnist for El Nacional. In 2006 he won the prestigious Herralde literary prize for his novel La Enfermedad. He is the author of several books, including the novel También el corazón es un descuido. He regularly publishes in Letras Libres. Barrera is also a scriptwriter for television soap operas, as well as a professor at the Universidad Central de Venezuela.
MOISÉS NAÍM is a former minister for trade and industry for Venezuela and is currently the editor in chief of Foreign Policy magazine, one of the world’s leading publications on international politics and economics and winner of the 2003 National Magazine Award for general excellence. He has written extensively on international political economy, economic development, world politics, and globalization’s unintended consequences. His introduction to Hugo Chávez will contextualize this biography for American audiences.
Copyright © 2004, 2006 by Cristina Marcano and Alberto Barrera Tyszka
Translation copyright © 2007 by Kristina Cordero
Introduction copyright © 2007 by Moisés Naím
All rights reserved.
Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.
RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.
This work was originally published in Spanish by Debate, an imprint of Editorial Sudamerican, a division of Random House Mondadori, Argentina, in 2004 as Hugo Chávez sin uniforme. An updated edition, also in Spanish, was published by Random House Mondadori, Spain, in 2006. The English translation published herein is based on the 2006 edition.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Marcano, Cristina.
[Hugo Chávez sin uniforme. English]
Hugo Chávez: the definitive biography of Venezuela’s controversial president / by Cristina Marcano and Alberto Barrera Tyszka; translated by Kristina Cordero.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Chávez Frías, Hugo. 2. Venezuela—History— 1974–1999. 3. Venezuela—History—1999– 4. Presidents— Venezuela—Biography. I. Tyszka, Alberto Barrera. II. Cordero, Kristina. III. Title.
F2328.52.C48M3713 2007
987.06'42092—dc22 2007010041
[B]
www.atrandom.com
Title page photo by Jesús Castillo
eISBN: 978-1-58836-650-4
v3.0
Hugo Chavez Page 36