The Unmaking of the President 2016
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abrupt declines in national popular vote polls after, 133, 142–47
Clinton’s loss and, 1, 157–58
Comey’s later memo justifying, 123
critics of Comey’s judgment in sending, 122–25, 127–28
fake Russian email as reason for sending, 125–26
FBI leaks as factor in, 111–12, 124
Justice policy of not taking any preelection action and, 126–27, 128–29
key battleground states and, 132, 133, 147–53, 154–55
media coverage and, 133–38, 157
polls affected by, 1, 133, 134–37, 138, 142–47, 154–55, 157–58
rationalization about no choice in sending, 123–24
recipients of, 121
text of, 121–22
voters’ sentiments after, 133, 138–40
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), 111
Congress. See also House and Senate headings
Benghazi hearings in, 8, 37, 38, 87, 103
Comey’s November 6 letter about no emails found to, 101, 131–32
Comey’s October 28 letter about FBI investigation to. See Comey’s letter to Congress
FBI leaks and, 117
Constitution
Comey’s investigation and, 64
emoluments clause of, 167, 187–189
impeachment process and, 167, 173, 175–76, 186, 187–88, 192
presidential conflicts of interest under, 167
Watergate crisis and, 134
Constitutional Convention, 159–61, 183–84, 188
Conyers, John, 117
Cook Political Report, 149
Cummings, Elijah E., 24, 117
Daily Mail, 99
D’Amato, Al, 104
Dershowitz, Alan, 168n
Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (FBI Operations Guide), 69–71, 72, 73
Dowd, Maureen, 9, 55
Dreazen, Yochi, 118
Drew, Elizabeth, 93
Drum, Kevin, 155
Duffy, Michael, 8
Eichenwald, Kurt, 15–17, 22
Eisen, Norman L., 173
elections
congressional (1998), 164
presidential (2016). See presidential election
Elkind, Peter, 100–101, 113, 114
emails
Clinton’s use of. See Clinton emails.See hacking of emails. See Clinton emails story
emoluments clause of Constitution
as impeachment standard, 167, 187–88
Trump’s conflicts of interest under, 188–93
Engagement Labs, 138–39, 140
Espionage Act, 85–86
Esquire magazine, 54
fake news
Russians’ spreading of, 2
Trump on, 184, 199
Fallon, Brian, 37, 38–41, 77, 118, 207
Fay, Brad, 139–40
FBI
Abedin’s emails reviewed by, 130–31
anti-Clinton atmosphere of, 99, 102, 109–10, 124
classification marking of Clinton emails and, 44, 53, 86
Clinton Foundation investigation and, 109–10, 111, 118–19
Comey’s announcement of findings by, 83–86, 90–91
Comey’s letter to Congress about Clinton investigation by. See Comey’s letter to Congress
email classification levels and, 35
FOIA Vault of, 36, 57, 68
Giuliani’s work with, 105, 107, 108
hacking of State Department’s server and, 26, 47, 84, 91
Justice’s supervision of, 96
leaks from agents in, 102, 106, 109, 111–12, 115, 116, 117, 124, 129
McCullough’s “referral” memo to, 32, 48, 57, 61, 68, 69, 71, 72, 76, 78
possible criminal investigation by, 48, 55, 57, 58–60, 61
Rich’s pardon and, 105–6, 109
rules about opening investigations by, 69–70, 70–71, 72
seizure of Weiner’s laptop by, 100
FBI Operations Guide, 69–71, 72, 73
Federalist Papers, 160, 175, 188
Federal Records Act, 17–18, 19, 20, 21
First Amendment protections, 167, 181–82
constitutional standard on attacks on as impeachable offense, 167
Trump and, 182–83, 199
FiveThirtyEight, 134, 135, 142, 147, 152
Flynn, Michael, 168n, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 184
FOIA Vault, FBI, 36, 57, 68
Ford, Gerald R., 161
Fox & Friends (TV show), 115, 116
Fox News, 76, 102, 107, 108, 110, 115–16, 134
Frankel, Richard, 92
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 12, 25, 28, 35, 42, 44, 49, 69, 71, 72, 75, 118
Freeh, Louis, 75
Gallup poll, 142
General Services Administration (GSA), 19, 189, 190
Gerry, Elbridge, 188
Gerstein, Josh, 118
Geyh, Charles, 200
Gillum, Jack, 23
Gingrich, Newt, 137, 164
Giuliani, Rudy
Clinton’s win in Senate campaign (2000) and, 102–3
Comey’s nonprosecution decision and, 101–2, 107–8, 115
FBI agents’ relationship with, 99, 102, 107, 108, 115
hatred of Clinton and support for Trump by, 99, 103–4
media statements about Clinton investigation by, 115–17
prediction of surprises before election by, 116, 119
Rich’s pardon and, 105–6
Giuliano, Mark, 74
Gonzales, Alberto, 106, 107, 126
Gorelick, Jamie, 126
Gorsuch, Neil, 199
Gowdy, Trey, 8, 87–88
hacking of emails
Blumenthal’s account and, 25
Comey on lack of evidence of, 26, 47, 83
media on possible hacking of Clinton emails, 16, 26
Powell’s private account and, 25–26
Russian and Chinese, 26
Haldeman, H. R., 174
Hamilton, Alexander, 160, 163, 175, 176, 186, 188
Hill newspaper, 76
Hogan, Lawrence, 164, 176
Holder, Eric, 37, 122, 127–28
Holt, Lester, 172
Hoover, J. Edgar, 96
Hopkins, Dan, 145, 146, 147
Horowitz, Michael E., 115
Hosko, Ronald, 108–9
House and Senate Intelligence Committee, 31–32, 33–34, 77
House Benghazi Committee, 5, 8, 38
House Judiciary Committee, 125, 162, 163–64, 168
House of Representatives
Clinton impeachment in, 164–65
impeachment process in, 159, 160–62, 163–66, 168, 175, 178
possible investigation of Trump’s conduct as imminent risk and, 195–96, 201
Whitewater hearings in, 7
House Oversight Committee, 24, 77, 87–88, 103, 134
Huffington Post, 115n, 139
Humphrey, Gordon, 201–2
impeachment, 159–193. See also Twenty-Fifth Amendment
abuse of presidential power in, 167
Constitutional Convention on, 159–61, 183–84, 188
constitutional standards for, 167, 173, 175–76, 186, 187–88, 192, 193
earlier proceedings against Johnson, Nixon, and Clinton for, 161–65
impeachment investigation of Trump
abuse of public trust by, 175–81, 184
favoring of Russia as betrayal of public trust and, 184–86
legitimacy as president as basis for, 166
obstruction of justice and, 2, 167–75
serial, willful material lies by, 176–81
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, 190
inspectors general (IGs)
appointment and authority of, 31n
investigation and memo from, 31–32, 33–34, 44–46, 48
later joint public statement by, 35, 43–44, 46–47
“security referral” story abo
ut, 31, 32–43
Intelligence Authorization Act, 68–69
Intelligence Community
agencies comprising, 31n
classification of documents by, 45–46, 87–88, 89
investigation of potential compromise of classified information by, 68–69
president’s refusal to accept findings of seen as betrayal of trust, 183
Russian meddling in election reported by, 166, 177–78
State Department review of Clinton emails and, 69, 74–75
Trump’s Oval Office meeting with Russian officials and, 185, 202–3
Trump’s refusal to accept findings on Russian meddling from, 166–67, 177, 184
Intelligence Community Manual, 87–88, 89
Jefferson, Thomas, 181, 182
Johnson, Andrew, 161, 162–63
Johnson, Ron, 103
Jordan, Will, 151
judges, Trump’s attacks on, 199–200
Kahl, Colin H., 185
Kallstrom, James, 107, 108–9, 115
Kendall, Brent, 19–20
Kendall, David, 47, 72
Kennedy, John F., 10, 180, 201
Kernberg, Otto, 196
Kilmeade, Brian, 116
Kim, Joon, 100
Kim Jong-un, 200
Kislyak, Sergey I., 185
Kushner, Jared, 171
Lacovara, Philip Allen, 170–71, 172–73
Larson, Lars, 116, 117
Lauer, Matt, 52
Lavrov, Sergey V., 184–85
Lazar, Marcel-Lehel, 25
lies as impeachable offense
constitutional standard on, 167, 175–76, 180–81
Trump and, 176–80, 181
Lincoln, Abraham, 161, 162
Linick, Steve A., 32, 35, 41–42, 43, 47, 77
Los Angeles Times, 69
Lynch, Loretta, 78, 94–95, 96, 125, 128, 129
MacCallum, Martha, 116
Madison, James, 159–60, 163, 181, 182, 183, 186
malignant narcissism, 196–98, 201, 203
Mar-a-Lago, Palm Beach, Florida, 191
Marshall, Josh, 51
Matthews, Chris, 9–10
McCain, John, 143
McClatchy-Marist poll, 76, 92
McCullough, I. Charles III, 56
attorney’s retention of Clinton emails and, 47, 72
Clinton email classification markings and, 44, 45, 46, 70, 75, 76
Clinton email review and, 73, 74–75, 77
Comey’s later letter to Congress and, 64
criticisms of, 32n
FBI “referral” memo from, 32, 47–48, 57, 61, 68, 69, 71, 72, 76, 78
leak about memo content, 76–77
media coverage of, 32, 35, 36, 41–42
memo on Clinton’s mishandling of emails from, 31–32, 33–34, 49, 71–72, 77
public statement from, 35, 43–44, 46–47
McDermott, Matt, 151
McDougal, James, 6
McElwee, Sean, 151
McLean, Bethany, 92–93, 107, 108, 109, 111–12
media. See also specific newspapers and magazines
Abedin’s emails in, 134–35
Clinton’s caution with, 5, 9, 11
Clinton’s critical treatment by, 5, 9, 10–11, 54–55, 110–11
Comey letter to Congress and negative stories in, 133–38, 157
election result related to Clinton emails coverage in, 55, 136–38
email classification issues in, 49–50, 77–78, 83, 89–90
FBI leaks on Clinton investigation to, 102, 106, 109, 111, 112, 114, 117, 124
Giuliani’s statements about Clinton investigation to, 115–17, 119
hacking of Powell’s private email server and, 25–26
Trump’s criticism of, 182–83, 198–99
Washington Post editorial on emails story coverage by, 52–54
Whitewater coverage in, 5–7, 8–9, 27, 51, 54, 55
Mother Jones magazine, 137, 155
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 46
Mueller, Robert, 106, 158
Mukasey, Michael, 126
National Archives and Records Administration, 17, 18, 19, 20
National Counterintelligence and Security Center, 48
national security adviser, Flynn as, 170, 171, 184
National Security Agency (NSA), 31n, 52, 166, 174, 177
national security issues
classified information and, 46, 88
Clinton emails and, 52–53, 70, 90
threats of nuclear attack on North Korea and, 200–202
Trump’s Oval Office meeting with Russian officials and, 185, 202–3
Twenty-Fifth Amendment and, 200–203
newspapers. See media and specific newspapers
Newsweek magazine, 15–16, 22
New Yorker magazine, 46, 93–94, 100, 123
New York Review of Books magazine, 93
New York Times
call for Clinton inquiry story (July 23/24) in, 31–35, 36–41
Clinton emails story (March 2) in, 15–17, 18–19, 20–21, 22, 24, 25, 26
Clinton’s endorsements by, 55
Clinton’s negative personal ratings and article by, 24, 51–52
concerns about email story coverage by, 50–51, 52, 54–55
critical treatment of Clintons in, 54–55
errors in Clinton articles by, 15–16, 21, 22, 57, 61
Powell’s private server use in, 23, 25
Wall Street Journal’s rivalry with, 19–20
Whitewater story in, 6, 51, 54, 55
Nixon, Richard
impeachment proceedings involving, 159, 162, 163, 164, 168, 175, 176
tax returns released by, 191
Watergate and, 170, 174–75, 176
North Korea, Trump’s threats against, 200–202
Obama, Barack, 173
Clinton as secretary of state under, 11
Clinton’s campaigns compared with, 146, 152–53
on Comey, 122
election (2008) of, 9–10, 143, 153
reelection (2012) of, 143, 146
Russia’s election meddling and, 129–30
Trump’s accusations against, 176–77
obstruction of justice and cover-up
as impeachment standard, 167, 168n, 173
Nixon and, 168
Trump and, 2, 167–75
Olsen, Matt, 185
Orrick, William H., 199–200
Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity (proposed), 201–2
Painter, Richard W., 173
Palmieri, Jennifer, 39, 40
Pence, Mike, 171, 172, 184, 203
Peres, Shimon, 105
Petraeus, David, 94
Pierce, Charles, 54
Pinckney, Charles, 188
Podesta, John, 132
Politico, 118
polls. See also specific polls
abrupt declines in, 133, 142–47, 157–58
Clinton emails story related to low ratings in, 23–24, 51–52
Comey’s letter and, 1, 33–55
Comey’s recommendation against criminal prosecution and, 91–92
Giuliani-Clinton New York Senate race (2000) and, 102, 103
key battleground states and, 132, 133, 147–55, 158
pre–October 28 data on Clinton win in, 1, 55, 141–42, 149–50
trust as issue in, 52
voters’ sentiments in, 133, 138–42
Pompeo, Mike, 174
Powell, Colin, 13–14, 23, 24–26, 28, 29, 53, 777
presidential campaign (2007–2008), 9–10
presidential election (November 8, 2016)
anti-Clinton network and, 119
candidate forum before, 52
Clinton’s private email server controversy and, 5, 52–54
Comey’s awareness of Clinton email investigation and, 100
Comey’s November 6, 2016, letter about no emails found and, 132
Comey’s October 28, 2016,
letter and Clinton’s loss in, 1, 157–58
Comey’s order for review of Clinton emails before, 101
Comey’s public statement on review of Clinton emails before, 101, 123
events leading up to, 1–2
FBI agents’ anti-Clinton beliefs and, 109, 113
FBI leaks before, 109, 117, 123
Giuliani on prediction of surprises in weeks before, 116, 119
Justice Department policy not to take action before, 101, 126–27, 128–29
media coverage of Clinton emails and result of, 55, 136–38
polls and. See polls
possible FBI investigation into Clinton Foundation before, 118–19
release of Rich pardon documents before, 117–18
Russian meddling in. See Russian meddling in election
timing of review of Weiner’s hard drive before, 114, 115
press freedoms, 167, 181–82
constitutional standard on attacks on as impeachable offense, 167
Trump and, 182–83, 199
Princeton Election Consortium, 144, 147
ProPublica, 100
Putin, Vladimir, 177, 178, 181, 184n
Reagan, Ronald, 201
24, 147, 151, 153
Reuters/Ipsos poll, 91, 141
Rice, Condoleezza, 25
Rich, Marc, 104, 105–6, 109
Rogers, Michael S., 166, 171, 174, 175
Romney, Mitt, 143, 146, 148
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 180
RT (Russian TV news organization), 25
Russia
communication between Trump campaign and, 2
fake news about Clinton spread by, 2
hacking of emails by, 26
Trump’s favoring of, as betrayal of public trust, 184–86
Trump’s Oval Office meeting with officials from, 185, 202–3
Russian investors, sale of uranium mine to, 110–11
Russian meddling in election
Comey’s discovery of fake email from, 125–26
failure to act after Yates’s warning about, 184
Flynn and, 170, 171
Obama’s actions against, 130
Trump Jr. and, 179–80
Trump on possibility of, 178
Trump’s favoring of Russia in, 184–86
Trump’s legitimacy as president and, 166
Trump’s lies and cover-up about, as impeachable offense, 167, 177–81
Trump’s obstruction of justice charges and, 170, 172, 174
Trump’s rejection of intelligence reports on, 166–67, 184
Safire, William, 54
Salinger, Pierre, 180
117
Sanders, Bernie, 38
Schale, Steve, 153
Schmidt, Michael, 31, 37, 38–40, 57
Schoen, Doug, 134
Schumer, Chuck, 107
Schweizer, Peter, 109–10
Secret Service, 12, 23, 138, 185, 202
Senate
Clinton-Giuliani race (2000) for New York seat in, 102–3