by Mark Felton
Notes
1 N. Franks and E. Zimmerman, U-Boat versus Aircraft, (London: Grub Street), 1998, p.167
2 ibid., p.184
Sources and Bibliography
Archives
National Archives of Australia, Canberra
1. Midget submarine attack on Sydney Harbour – MP1049/5, 2026/21/79
2. (Japanese) Midget Submarine Attack on Sydney Harbour, 31May/l June 1942 – SP338/1 201/37
3. Midget Submarine Attack on Sydney Harbour – Signals – B6121/162K
Australian War Memorial, Canberra
1. Japanese midget submarine attack on Sydney Harbour, night of 31 May/1 June 1942. Reconstruction of events from Japanese and Australian Sources by G. Hermon Gill – AWM54/622/5/8
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington, DC.
1. Film Nix/DK
a. Commanding Officer to Commander in Chief, US Asiatic Fleet, Action taken against Submarines by USS Edsall, 31 January 1942
b. Confidential Action Report. Activities of USS Edsall for 20–31 January [Covers anti-submarine operations while escorting ‘Trinity’ to Port Darwin, Australia], 22 January 1942
c. Commander Destroyer Squadron Twenty-Nine to The Commander, US Naval Forces Southwest Pacific, 1st Endorsement on CO EDSALL, 10 February 1942
Published Sources
Bagnasco, E., Submarines of World War Two, (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press), 1977
Boyd, Carl & Yoshida, Akira, The Japanese Submarine Force and World War II, (Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing Ltd), 1996
Cook, Haruko Taya and Cook, Theodore E, Japan at War: An Oral History, (New Press), 1993 Dull, Paul, A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–45, (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press), 1978
Elliot, P., Allied Escort Ships of World War II, (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press), 1977
Felton, Mark, Yanagi: The Secret Underwater Trade between Germany and Japan, 1942–1945, (Barnsley: Pen & Sword Maritime), 2005
Gill, G. Hermon, Royal Australian Navy, 1941–1942, (Canberra: Australian War Memorial), 1968
Goldstein, Donald M., At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor (Revised Edition), (London: Penguin), 1991
Goldstein, Donald M. (Editor) and Dillon, Katherine (Editor), The Pearl Harbor Papers: Inside the Japanese Plans, (New York: Potomac Books), 1999
Hashimoto, M., Sunk: The Story of the Japanese Submarine Fleet, 1941–1945, (New York: Henry Holt & Co.), 1954
Herman, Arthur, To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World, (London: Hodder & Stoughton), 2005
Horn, Steve, The Second Attack on Pearl Harbor: Operation K and Other Japanese Attempts to Bomb America in World War II, (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press), 2005
Ito, Masanori with Kuroda, Andrew and Pineau, Roger (translators), The End of the Imperial Japanese Navy, (Greenwood Press), 1984
Japanese Monograph No. 97, Pearl Harbor Operations: General Outline of Orders and Plans, (Washington D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army), 1953
Jenkins, David, Battle Surface! Japan’s Submarine War against Australia, 1942–44, (London: Random House), 1992
Jentschura, Hansgeorg, Jung, Dieter and Michel, Peter, Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945, (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press), 1976
Kemp, Paul, Underwater Warriors: The Fighting History of Midget Submarines, (London: Cassell Military Paperbacks), 2001
Miller, David, U-Boats: History, Development and Equipment 1914–1945, (London: Conway Maritime Press), 2000
Milligan, Christopher S. and Foley, John C.H., Australian Hospital Ship Centaur: The Myth of Immunity, (Hendra: Nairana Publications), 1993
Mollo, Andrew, The Armed Forces of World War II, (London: MacDonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.), 1981
Paine, Tom, The Transpacific Voyage of H.I.J.M.S. I-400, Tom
Paine’s Journal: July 1945 to January 1946, (Submarine Warfare Library), 1991
Polmar, Norman & Carpenter, Dorr B., Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy 1904–1945, (London: Conway Maritime Press), 1986
Prange, Gordon W. with Goldstein, Donald M., and Dillon, Katherine V., Dec. 7 1941: The Day Japan Attacked Pearl Harbor, (London: Harrap Limited), 1988
Report of the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor attack, Congress of the United States, (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office), 1946
Rohwer, J., Axis Submarine Successes, 1939–1945, (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press), 1983
Russell, Lord, of Liverpool, The Knights of Bushido: A Short History of Japanese War Crimes, (London: Greenhill Books), 2002
Sakaida, Henry, Nila, Gary & Takaki, Koji, I-400: Japan’s Secret Panama Canal Strike Submarine, (Hikoki Publications), 2006
Smith, Colin, Singapore Burning: Heroism and Surrender in World War II, (London: Viking), 2005
Spector, R., Eagle Against the Sun, (New York: Free Press/MacMillan), 1985
Thomas, David A., Japan’s War At Sea: Pearl Harbor to the Coral Sea, (London: Andre Deutsch), 1978
Warner, Peggy & Seno, Sadao, The Coffin Boats: Japanese Midget Submarine Operations in the Second World War, (London: Seeker & Warburg Ltd), 1986 Webber, Burt, Silent Siege: Japanese Attacks against North America in World War II, (Fairfield: Ye Galleon), 1984
Silent Siege III: Japanese Attacks on North America in World War II, (Medford: Webb Research Group), 1992
Newspapers and Journals
Aviation History
Edmonton Journal
Journal of the Australian War Memorial
Newcastle Morning Herald
New York Times
Proceedings
Sydney Morning Herald
World War II
Speeches
The Hon. Danna Vale MP, Minister for Veterans’ Affairs, Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence, at the Fort Scratchley Dedication Dinner at City Hall, Newcastle, 2002
Address by His Excellency Major General Michael Jeffrey AC, MVO, MC, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia on the occasion of Warringah Australia Remembers Trust Commemorative Service to mark the 62nd anniversary of the defence of Sydney: Manly, New South Wales, 28 May 2004
Websites
California State Military Museum, http://www.militarymuseum.org
Commonwealth Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Australia, http://www.dva.gov.au
Eyewitness to History, http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com Historynet website, http://www.historynet.com
Sensuikan! (Bob Hackett & Sander Kingsepp), http://www.combinedfleet.com
Index
A (Midget Submarine), 114, 116–17, 120
A14 (Midget Submarine), 113–14, 115, 116, 120, 121
A21 (Midget Submarine), 113, 117–18, 120, 121
Abe, Rear-Admiral Koso, 66
Absaroka (Merchant Ship), 54–5, 72
Active, HMS (Destroyer), 123
Adelaide, HMAS (Light Cruiser), 112
Age (Merchant Ship), 127
Ageta, Commander Kiyoi, 18, 113
Agwiworld (Merchant Ship), 43, 71
Akagi (Aircraft Carrier), 15
Akieda, Lieutenant Saburo, 123, 124–5
Alden, USS (Destroyer), 60, 62–4
Amethyst, USS (Sub-chaser), 53–4
Antares, USS (Repair Ship), 25, 28, 116
Anzio, USS (Aircraft Carrier), 186
Argus, USS (Destroyer), 178
Ariizumi, Captain Tatsunoseke, 182
Arunta, HMAS, 69–70
Ascot (Merchant Ship), 168
Ashibe, Petty Officer First Class
Mamoru, 114, 120
Australia, Japanese strategy towards, 101–2
Ballard, USS (Destroyer), 85
Ban, Sub-Lieutenant Katsuhisa, 114, 116–17, 118–19, 120
Barbara Olsen (Merchant Ship), 53–4, 72
Barwon (Merchant Ship), 127
Basham, Reverend Arthur, 75
Bloch, Rear-Admiral Claude C, 26
Blue, USS (Destroyer), 28
Bombay, HMAS (Corvette), 112
Brieland, Captain Roy, 46
British Chivalry (Merchant Ship), 168
British Loyalty (Merchant Ship), 20, 123–4
Bungaree, HMAS (Minelayer), 112
Burford, Lieutenant-Commander W.P., 28
Camden (Merchant Ship), 151–3
Canberra, HMAS (Heavy Cruiser), 112, 117
Cargill, Watchman James, 115–16, 121
Centaur, HMAHS (Hospital Ship), 161–9
Chew, USS (Destroyer), 27
Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist Chinese Leader), 136
Chicago, USS (Heavy Cruiser), 112, 116–17, 119, 120, 122
Chiyoda (Submarine Tender), 111
Chuman, Lieutenant Kenshi, 113, 116, 119, 120
Clark, Seaman Harold L., 176–7
Coast Trader (Merchant Ship), 86–9
Coldbrook (Merchant Ship), 103
Condor, USS (Minesweeper), 24–5
Conley, Air Defense Observer Ed, 146
Conley, Air Defense Observer Esther, 146
Connecticut (Merchant Ship), 52–3
Coral Sea, Battle of (1942), 67
Crossbill, USS (Minesweeper), 24–5
Curlew, HMAS (Research Vessel), 65
Curtin, John (Prime Minister of Australia), 111, 137, 168
Curtiss, USS (Seaplane Tender), 27–8
Cynthia Olsen (Merchant Ship), 86
Deloraine, HMAS (Corvette), 58–65, 173
Doolittle, Colonel James, 93
Dorothy Phillips (Merchant Ship), 43–4
Duncan, HMS (Destroyer), 123
Earle, Captain John B., 26–7
Echunga (Merchant Ship), 127
Eckstrom, Captain Olaf, 47–8
Edmunston, HMCS (Corvette), 89, 95
Edsall, USS (Destroyer Escort), 60–4
Edward Chambers (Merchant Ship), 171–2
Emidio (Merchant Ship), 40–2, 71
Endo, Captain Keiyu, 60
Enterprise, USS (Aircraft Carrier), 44–5, 53, 73
Estevan Point Lighthouse (Oregon), 89–93, 133
Farrow, Captain Clark, 40–1
Fingal (Merchant Ship), 169
Fletcher, Rear-Admiral Frank J., 66
Fort Camosun (Merchant Ship), 94–5
Fort Scratchley (Australia), 132–3
Fort Stevens (Oregon), 93–9, 133, 143
Fuchida, Commander Mitsuo, 27
Fujii, Lieutenant-Commander, 86
Fujita, Chief Warrant Officer Nobuo, 1–4, 94, 103–10, 122, 141–51, 154–6, 188–9
Furuno, Sub-Lieutenant Shigemi, 24, 30–1
Gardner, Fire Watcher Howard, 145–6, 148
Geelong, HMAS (Corvette), 112, 117
Genista, HMS (Destroyer), 123
German Navy;
TMC Sea Mine, 60
Type IXC U-boat, 37, 59
Giang Ann (Merchant Ship), 159
Giles, Brigadier-General Barney M., 146
Goncalves, Captain Frederick, 43
Guatemala (Merchant Ship), 138
Gussarov, Commander Dmitri, 153
Halkin Gol, Battle of (1939), 154
Halsey, Admiral William, 73
Hanabusa, Commander Hiroshi, 21–2, 127, 128, 137–8
Hashizume, Lieutenant Toshi, 81, 83–4
Havens, Captain Lyle G., 87–8
Hayashi, Chief Gunner Hashiro, 91
Hegerfeldt, Radioman First Class P.W., 62
Helm, USS (Destroyer), 29
Henry Foss (Tug), 95
Hiro-o, Ensign Akira, 24, 31
Hitler, Adolf (German Chancellor), 50
H.M. Story (Merchant Ship), 45–6, 50, 72
Hoegh Merchant (Merchant Ship), 32
Holmes, Lieutenant W.J., 85
Hong Kong, Battle of (1941), 90
Hull, Cordell (US Secretary of State), 16
Huston, Captain Robert, 98
Idaho (Merchant Ship), 51
Idaho, USS (Battleship), 52
Inagaki, Petty Officer Second Class Kujoshi, 21–2, 29, 30, 31
Iron Chieftain (Merchant Ship), 127
Iron King (Merchant Ship), 127
Iron Knight (Merchant Ship), 159–60
Ishii, Colonel Dr Shiro, 182–3
Ito, Chief Warrant Officer Susumu, 112, 159–60
Iwagami, Captain Hidetoshi, 66
Iwasa, Lieutenant Naoji, 18, 23, 30
Iwase, Ensign Katsusuke, 123, 125
Izu, Lieutenant-Commander Juichi, 111–12
Izumo (Heavy Cruiser), 90
Japanese Navy;
6th Fleet Organization, 102
Submarine Force Organization, 12
Aircraft;
Aichi M6A1 Seiran, 180–1
Kawanishi H8K1, 79
Yokosuka E14Y1, 104, 141–2
Operations;
Hikari (Panama Canal Attack), 185–6
K (Second Pearl Harbor Raid), 79–80
Mi (Midway Invasion), 94
Mo (Tulagi, Solomon Islands, Port
Moresby Invasion), 66
Pearl Harbor Plan, 14–16
Submarines (Types and Weapons);
1–121 Class Submarine, 59
1–400 Class Submarine, 179–80
Kaicho-Type RO Submarine, 65–6
Midget Submarines, 19–20
Torpedoes, 13
Type B-1 Submarine, 35–7
Type C-1 Submarine, 20–1
Specifications, 11–13
Submarines (Individual Boats);
I-4, 32
I-6, 44
I-7, 32
I-9, 15, 34, 52, 80, 86, 175
I-12, 175–8
I-13, 182, 186
I-14, 182, 187
I-15, 80
I-16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 123
I-17, 35, 37–42, 52, 56, 71, 152
I-18, 18, 24
I-19, 14, 53–5, 71, 72, 80
I-20, 18, 20, 24, 123, 125
I-21, 14, 43–51, 71, 112, 131–4, 157–60
I-22, 18, 20, 21, 23, 111, 113
I-23, 14, 42–4, 71, 80
I-24, 18, 20, 21-2, 24, 29, 111, 113, 127, 128–30, 131, 137–8
I-25, 1–2, 51–3, 94–9, 122, 141–54
I-26, 80, 85–9, 90–2, 94, 160–1
I-27, 111, 113, 127
I-28, 111
I-29, 111–12
I-37, 168
I-58, 163
I-60, 163
I-68, 31
I-69, 31–2
I-72, 32
I-75, 32
I-121, 59, 112
I-122, 59–60
I-123, 59–60
I-24, 58–65
I-174, 170, 174
I-177, 161–3, 166, 169
I-175, 161, 170
I-180, 161, 169–70
I-400, 170, 178, 182, 186–8
I-401, 174, 181, 182, 184–8
I-402, 181
RO-33, 65–70
RO-34, 65–66
John A. Johnson (Merchant Ship), 176–7
John Bartram (Merchant Ship), 173
Johnson, Firewatcher Keith, 146–7, 148
Jordan, Corporal Patrick, 97–8
K-9 (Submarine), 119
Kajioka, Rear-Admiral Sadamichi, 66
Kalingo (Merchant Ship), 158
Kaminski, Lieutenant Harold, 26, 27
Kanimbla, HMAS (Armed Merchant Cruiser), 112
Karanja, HMS (Destroyer), 123
Katayama, Petty Officer Second Class Yoshio, 24, 31
Katoomba, HMAS (Corvette), 63–4
Katori (Light Cruiser), 12, 102
King, Mackenzie (Prime Minister of Canada), 91
Kishigami, Lieutenant-Commander Kouichi, 59, 61
Knox, Frank (US Secretary of the Navy), 78
Konoye, Prince (Japanese Prime Minister), 14
Kowarra (Merchant Ship), 161
Kudo, Commander Kameo, 175
Kuriyama, Lieutenant-Commander
Shigeshi, 66–70
Kusaka, Lieutenant-Commander Toshio, 161, 169–70, 186
Kuttabul, HMAS (Accomodation Ship), 119–22
L-15 (Submarine), 153–4
L-16 (Submarine), 153–4
Lahaina (Merchant Ship), 86
Lally, Robert, 92
Larry Doheny (Merchant Ship), 46–7, 50, 72, 152–3
Lauriana, HMAS (Patrol Boat), 117–18
Lawrence C. Taylor, USS (Destroyer), 186
Layton, Rear-Admiral Edwin, 85
Le Triomphant (Destroyer), 159
Lexington, USS (Aircraft Carrier), 67, 82
Limerick (Merchant Ship), 161, 163
Lincoln, Abraham (US President), 96
Lithgow, HMAS (Corvette), 63–4
Llandaff Castle (Merchant Ship), 123
Lolita, HMAS (Patrol Boat), 116
London Naval Conference (1930), 8
London Naval Treaty (1922), 49–50
Los Angeles, Battle of (1942), 76–9
L.P. St. Clair (Merchant Ship), 52
LST-469 (Tank Landing Ship), 174
Lydia M. Childs (Merchant Ship), 161
MacArthur, General Douglas, 73
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 7
Malaita (Merchant Ship), 69–70
Mamutu (Merchant Ship), 65–9
Matsumura, Lieutenant-Commander Kanji, 44–51, 72, 131–4, 138, 158–60
Matsuo, Sub-Lieutenant Keiu, 113, 117, 120
McEachern, Captain, 67–8
Menlove, Lieutenant-Commander Desmond, 58, 61–2, 64
Mildura, HMAS (Corvette), 159
Mississenewa, USS (Fleet Oiler), 187
Mississippi, USS (Battleship), 52
Mitscher, Vice-Admiral Marc, 184
Mobilube (Merchant Ship), 158–9
Monaghan, USS (Destroyer), 26–8
Montebello (Merchant Ship), 47–51
Morris, Seaman Matthew, 165
Morrow, Commander J.C., 70
Muirhead-Gould, Rear-Admiral Gerard, 114, 116, 118, 120–1
Musashi (Battleship), 9
Nagano, Admiral Osami, 56, 73, 74
Nakagawa, Lieutenant-Commander Hajime, 161, 163–4, 168–9
Nambu, Lieutenant Nobukiyo, 170–4, 186
Nangle, Watchman William, 115, 121
Narahara, Lieutenant-Commander Shogo, 53
Nestor (Motor Boat), 117
Newcomb, Acting Commander Harvey, 114–15, 121–2
New Mexico, USS (Battleship), 52
Nimitz, Admiral Chester W, 85
Nishino, Lieutenant-Commander Kozo, 35, 37–42, 56, 71, 73, 74, 152
Nix, Commander J.J., 62
Nomura (Japanese Ambassador to the US), 16
Okuda, Petty Officer Second Class Shoji, 104–10, 144–51
Omori, Petty Officer First Class Takashi, 113, 116, 120
