by Jim Bell
Mariner 4, 50
Mariner 5, 50
Mariner 6, 50
Mariner 7, 50
Mariner 9, 50
Mariner 10, 42, 47, 50
Mariner 11, 61
Mariner 12, 61
Mariner Jupiter Saturn ’77 (MJS-77), 48, 49–61
Marley, Bob, 95
Mars
atmosphere, 285
Curiosity rover mission, 10, 26, 84
life on, 131
Mariner flyby, 47
Opportunity rover mission, 10, 19, 26, 84, 230, 238–239
Spirit rover mission, 10, 19, 26, 84, 230, 238–239
Viking program, 9–10, 12, 62, 157, 183
Mars Global Surveyor mission, 39
Mars Observer spacecraft, 39
Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), 39
Mars Pathfinder spacecraft, 10
Martin Marietta Corporation, 62
Mathematicians, 192–193
Mauna Kea Observatories, 58–59, 186, 188, 195, 205
Maxwell, James Clerk, 135
McComas, David, 266
Medici, Cosimo de’, II, 166
Mercury
Galileo flyby, 237
Mariner flyby, 42, 47, 50
MESSENGER flyby, 237
orbiters, 26
planet designation, 243
transits in front of sun, 283
visibility from earth, 239
Voyager photographs, 235–236
Messages sent into space, 71–99
“Cosmic Call,” 81
introduction, 71–73
New Horizons, 97–99
Pioneer plaques, 73–77
Voyager Golden Record, 77–97
MESSENGER, 237
Methane, 139, 140, 141, 146, 177, 203, 215
Metis, 128
Milky Way galaxy, 224, 251, 290–291
Miller, Stanley, 139
Mimas, 142, 150, 166, 180
Miranda, 37, 39, 172, 177, 181–183
Mission Planning Office, 14
MJS-77 (Mariner Jupiter Saturn ’77), 48, 49–61
MOC (Mars Orbiter Camera), 39
Model rockets, 41–42
Moon (Earth), 226–227, 230, 243
Moon landing, 8–9
Moons
definition of, 104–105
Jupiter, 103, 104, 107, 108, 109, 111, 114–128, 130–132, 166–167, 241, 243
Neptune, 201–203, 212–218
new discoveries from Voyager data, 211–212
Pluto, 218
Saturn, 131, 135, 142, 143, 145–148, 150, 151, 158–159, 166, 241, 243
Uranus, 180–183, 187–188
Morabito, Linda, 114–115, 116, 117–118, 119
Morrison, David, 154, 156, 157
Mt. Palomar, 59
Murmurs on Earth (Sagan), 83
Murray, Bruce, 24, 118
Music, Golden Record contents, 84–85, 90–91, 93–97
NASA. See also Deep Space Network (DSN); Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); specific missions
Ames Research Center, 135, 283, 286
Challenger disaster impact, 195
federal funding cuts, 22, 25, 252–253, 278
future mission priorities, 131–132
Golden Record content approval, 90
“Grand Tour” mission support, 48–49, 147
imaging technology, 10
JPL’s affiliation with, 49–50
private space program funding, 294
public outreach efforts, 234–235
public support for, 24–25
recognition of Flandro’s contribution to Voyager program, 47
secret missions, 157
Uranus Data Analysis Program, 186–187
Navigation, 113–114
N-body problem, 192
Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous mission, 36
Neptune
atmosphere, 200, 205–207
Bell’s childhood telescope viewings, 13
discovery of, 191–194
Flandro’s gravity assist research, 43–46
Hammel’s wind studies, 60
internal structure, 207–209
magnetic field, 200, 209–210
moons, 201–203, 212–218
naming of, 193–194
rings, 185, 210–211
storms, 204
Voyager mission, 47, 49, 198–219
Neptunium, 274–275
Nereid, 213
New Frontiers, 142
New Horizons, 97–99, 130, 148, 218, 249, 282
NewSpace, 294–295
Newton, Isaac, 199
Nitrogen, 139, 140, 146, 147, 215, 216, 218
Nixon administration, 48
NOVA, 11
Nye, Bill, 25, 27, 84, 90–91
Oberon, 166, 168, 181
Occulation, 138, 184–185
Oceans, on Europa, 122, 124
One Earth: New Horizons Message Project, 99
Oort, Jan, 280
Oort Cloud, 280
Öpik, Ernst, 280
Opportunity, 10, 19, 26, 84, 230, 238–239
Optical navigation (opnav), 114
Orion Nebula, 250
Oxidizing environment, 139
Pale Blue Dot photograph, 236–237
Parkes Radio Telescope, 175
PBS, 10, 11
Peale, Stan, 115, 119–120
Phoenex, 99
Photographs. See also Image processing
of Earth, 225–231, 236–239
Golden Record contents, 84–93, 94
Pickering, Edward, 168
Pioneer program, 51, 73–77, 103, 109, 120–121, 279
Pioneer 10, 23, 73, 249, 250, 278–279
Pioneer 11, 23, 73, 135–136, 139, 149, 249, 250, 278–279
Pioneer Anomaly, 279
Planetary alignment, 8
The Planetary Report, 24
Planetary scientists, 18–20, 196–198
Planetary Society, 21–26, 99, 235, 253, 279
Planets, 241–243, 282–288. See also specific planets
Plaques
Pioneer missions, 73–77
Voyager missions, 74–75
Plasma ions, 254, 263, 264–265
Plasma Wave Subsystem (PWS), 264–265
Plato, 225
Pluto
discovery of, 217
Flandro’s gravity assist research, 43–45
moons, 218
New Horizons flyby, 97–99, 130, 148, 218–219
planet status, 242–243
Voyager mission, 47, 142, 147–148
Plutonium-238, 275
Plutonium power generation, 273–276, 279
Polarization sensors, 16
Porco, Carolyn, 34, 238
Principal investigators (PIs), 16
Privatization of space program, 293–295
Project Office, 14, 15
Project Ozma, 77
Project scientists, 16–17
Providence Evening Bulletin, 9
Puck, 177
PWS (Plasma Wave Subsystem), 264–265
Pyne, Stephen, 291–292
Pythagoras, 224–225
Radial velocity method, 282–283
Radiation, 16, 52, 92, 109–111, 185, 200, 246
Radioactivity, 274
Radio communication, 15–16, 54–55, 63
Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), 56–57
Ranger, 50
Rankin, Jamie Sue, 267–270
Reagan administration, 21�
��23
Record, onboard Voyager. See Golden Record
Red dwarf stars, 280–281
Reducing environment, 139
Remote sensing, 19–20, 29
Reseau marks, 175
Resonance, orbital, 115, 120, 126
Rhea, 142, 150, 243
Rings
Jupiter, 128, 144
Neptune, 185, 210–211
Saturn, 134–135, 142–145, 149–150
Uranus, 144, 184–186
Robotic sensors, 19–20, 29
Rocket launch technologies, 61–69
Ross 248 star, 281
Roth, Lorenz, 130–131
RTGs (radioisotope thermoelectric generators), 56–57
Ryle, Martin, 80
Sagan, Carl, 1, 2, 11–12, 21, 23–24, 34, 72–77, 79, 82–83, 84, 85, 231–237, 238, 281
Sagan, Linda Salzman, 75–76, 83, 85
Saturn
atmosphere, 134, 139–141
Bell’s childhood telescope viewings, 13, 133–134
Cassini mission, 25–26, 156, 157, 158–159, 189, 237–238
Flandro’s gravity assist research, 43–46
internal structure, 208
magnetic field, 73, 135, 178
moons, 131, 135, 142, 143, 145–148, 150, 151, 158–159, 166, 241, 243
Pioneer mission, 23, 73, 135–136, 139, 149
rings, 134–135, 142–145, 149–150
Voyager mission, 23, 30, 31–32, 47, 48, 49, 133–159
Scan platform, 56, 110–111, 153–159, 173–174, 230
Scarf, Fred, 154
Schurmeier, Harris “Bud,” 48
Science, 115, 263, 265–266, 287
Science Steering Group, 16, 107, 261
Seaborg, Glenn T., 275–276
Seaborgium, 276
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), 75, 77, 80, 87
Sequencers, 64–69
SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), 75, 77, 80, 87
Shapiro, Irwin, 144
Shoemaker, Gene, 35
Sirius, 113, 290
Slingshots, 41–47, 105–106
Smith, Brad, 35–36, 59–61, 118–119, 205
Soderblom, Jason, 217
Soderblom, Larry, 34, 123, 146, 182, 214–217, 219
Solar nebula, 208
Solar system
formation of, 169
photographs of, 231–238
planets, 241–243
size of, 242
Solar wind
definition of, 17
interstellar space boundary, 243–251, 271–272
Neptune flyby data, 200
Uranus flyby data, 37, 171, 178–179, 181, 185
Southwest Research Institute, 266
Space exploration
future of, 293–296
government funding of, 21–26
Space shuttles, 195
Space travel or tourism, 289–290, 295–296
Spectrometers, 16, 252
Spilker, Linda, 66–67, 119, 157–158, 162
Spirit, 10, 19, 26, 84, 230, 238–239
Squyres, Steve, 84, 238
Stars, 280–281, 283–285, 289
Stewart, Homer Joe, 45
Stockman, David, 22
Stone, Edward C., 16–18, 36, 37, 38, 49, 77, 107, 135, 142, 148, 153–154, 159, 170–171, 175, 177, 179, 209, 235, 246–251, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259–263, 265–271, 277, 292
Sun. See also Solar wind
chemical makeup, 134
formation of, 169, 208
gravitational influence, 224, 244, 280
image processing challenges, 30, 232, 235–236
navigational use, 113–114
Surveyor, 50, 227
Swift, David, 43, 46–47
Swift, Katie, 46
Swisdak, Marc, 263–264
Tantalum, 110
Telescopes
Bell’s childhood experiences, 10, 13, 133–134
DSN, 34, 63
Hale Telescope, 59
Hubble Space Telescope, 29, 51, 130, 168, 185, 188, 250
Infrared Telescope Facility, 58–59
invention of, 165
Parkes Radio Telescope, 175
University of Hawaii, 58–59
on Voyager spacecraft, 57
Termination shock, 256–258
Terrile, Rich, 52, 59–60, 120, 143, 152–153, 155, 157, 182–183, 211–213, 222, 236
Tethys, 142, 145, 151, 158, 243
Thebe, 128
Thompson, Bob, 275–276
Thruster fuel, 276–277
Titan, 131, 135, 138–141, 150, 156, 241, 243
Titan III-Centaur rockets, 62
Titania, 166, 168, 181
Transit method, 283–287
Triton, 201–203, 213–218, 243
Truly, Richard, 234–235
TRW, 154
Turing, Alan, 71
Tusi, Nasir al-Din al-, 167
TV, 10–11
Tyson, Neil deGrasse, 25
Umbriel, 181
University of Hawaii, 58, 60, 186, 195
University of Iowa, 264–265
University of Maryland, 263
University of Michigan, 266
Uranium-238, 274
Uranus
atmosphere, 177, 188–189
Bell’s childhood telescope viewings, 13
discovery of, 164–168, 191
Flandro’s gravity assist research, 43–46
ices on, 179
internal structure, 207–209
magnetic field, 37, 170–171, 177–180, 185
moons, 180–183, 187–188
orbit and rotation, 168–171
pronunciation, 164
rings, 144, 184–186
Voyager mission, 30, 33–39, 47, 49, 171–186, 198
Urey, Harold, 139
US Geological Survey, Astrogeology Science Center Flagstaff, 214
Valhalla, 127
Venus
atmosphere, 285
Magellan orbiter, 195
Mariner flyby, 42, 47, 50
orbiters, 26
transits in front of sun, 283–284, 295–296
visibility from earth, 239
Vesta, 242, 243
Veverka, Joe, 35–36, 119
Vibration tables, 57
Viking, 9–10, 12, 62, 157, 183
Volcanism, 118–120, 145–146, 241–242
Voyager Program
attitude control, 113–114
computer system, 52–53
end of, 219–220
expectations for, 12–14
Flandro’s gravity assist contributions, 41–47
funding, 252–253
future of, 279–282, 288–292
“Grand Tour” trajectory, 45–49, 141–142
image processing at Caltech, 29–33
Interstellar Mission, 244–251, 253–271, 277–278
leadership team, 14–18
Planetary Society’s support, 21–26
risk mitigation strategies, 54–56
rocket launch technologies, 61–69
spacecraft design, 49–61
team members’ jobs between flybys, 161–163
teamwork, 68–69
work years devoted to, 68
Voyager 1
current communication with, 277–278
current position estimates, 248–249
Earth photographs, 229–230
flight trajectory of, 9, 72, 105–109
future of, 279�
��282, 288–292
interstellar space passage, 251, 258–270
Io volcano discovery, 114–120
Jupiter flyby, 23, 59, 107–108, 109, 120–121
launching of, 7–8, 62
mosaic solar system portrait, 235–236
naming of, 61
power supply, 273–278
Saturn flyby, 23, 133, 136, 137–148
solar system photograph discussion, 231–233
termination shock crossing, 257–258
Titan flyby, 138–142, 147–148
Voyager 2
computer system, 174
current communication with, 277–278
current position estimates, 249
Europa discoveries, 120–125
flight trajectory of, 9, 72, 105–109, 139, 141–142, 147–149, 171–172, 213, 214
future of, 279–282, 288–292
interstellar space passage, 251, 270–271
Io images, 120
Jupiter flyby, 107–108, 109, 121
launching of, 7–8, 62
naming of, 61
Neptune flyby, 47, 49, 198–219
power supply, 273–278
radio communication, 54–55, 56, 199–200
Saturn flyby, 133, 137, 147–158
scan platform failure, 56, 153–159
termination shock crossing, 257–258
Uranus flyby, 30, 33–39, 47, 49, 171–186
Waldheim, Kurt, 73
Water, on Jupiter’s moons, 122, 124–125, 130–132
Wessen, Randii, 200, 236, 277–278
Wolff, Mike, 238–239
World War II, 71
Looking for more?
Visit Penguin.com for more about this author and a complete list of their books.
Discover your next great read!
