by Jim Marrs
275Marshall: “Suicide Changed to Murder in Billie Sol Estes Case,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, August 14, 1985; “Estes Claims LBJ Had Slush Fund, Sources Say,” Dallas Morning News, March 24, 1984; “Estes Cited Electric Chair in Refusal to Discuss Deaths,” Dallas Times Herald, March 26, 1984; Haley, pp. 134–135.
276LBJ to Kilduff: Jack Bell, The Johnson Treatment: How Lyndon B. Johnson Took Over the Presidency and Made It His Own, New York, Harper & Row, 1965, p. 12.
276Gearhart: Manchester, pp. 62–63.
277O’Donnell: Ibid., p. 235.
277LBJ to Galbraith: Ibid., p. 472.
277LBJ’s master plan: Bell, p. 22.
277Connally’s clothing: Shaw with Harris, p. 78.
278Goodwin: “Was Lyndon Johnson Unstable?” Time, Sept. 5, 1988.
278Sam Houston Johnson: Richard Starnes, “LBJ’s Long-Distance Tantrum Over Boozy Brother Is Told,” El Paso Herald Post, Nov. 19, 1969.
278Madeleine Brown: author’s interviews, 1988 and 1989.
279Watson quotes LBJ: Senate Intelligence Committee Final Report, Vol. 6, 1976, p. 182.
Soldiers
The Military-Industrial Complex
282NSAM 55 and 57: L. Fletcher Prouty, The Secret Team: The CIA and Its Allies in Control of the United States and the World, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1973, pp. 114–116, 116–119.
283Kennedy on America’s fallibility: Speech at the University of Washington, Seattle, Nov. 16, 1961.
JFK and Vietnam
284Hilsman: Michael Maclear, The Ten Thousand Day War—Vietnam: 1945–1975, New York, Avon Books, 1981, p. 60.
286NSAM 273: Peter Dale Scott, Paul L. Hoch, and Russell Stetler, The Assassinations: Dallas and Beyond: A Guide to Cover-ups and Investigations, New York, Random House, Vintage Press, 1976, pp. 406–442.
286JFK’s order rescinded: Kenneth P. O’Donnell, David Powers, and Joe McCarthy, Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye: Memories of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, New York, Pocket Books, 1973, p. 18.
287Hosty and agent: IV.461.
287Powell: Warren Commission Document 354; Shaw with Harris, p. 194.
288Revill: Ibid., p. 194; V.57.
288Jones: HSCA Report, pp. 221–222.
288Oswald and military intelligence: HSCA Report, p. 224.
The Man Who Was to Kill Oswald
289Nagell: William Turner, “The Garrison Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy,” Ramparts, January 1968, pp. 56–58; Richard Russell with Dave Navard, “The Man Who Had a Contract to Kill Lee Harvey Oswald Before the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy,” Gallery, March 1981, pp. 37–38, 88–95; Garrison, On the Trail of the Assassins, pp. 182–186.
Lone Gunmen on the Grassy Knoll
293Loy Factor’s story: Robin Ramsey, Who Shot JFK? Sparkford, Somerset, J. H. Haynes, 2007, pp. 94–95.
294Fingerprints on the sixth floor: HSCA Vol. XI, p. 213.
296Joseph West and exhumation: Editors, “Judge Refuses to Grant Request to Exhume JFK,” Houston Chronicle, July 8, 1992, p. 15.
297Allan Eaglesham on headstamps: www.manuscriptservice.com/Headstamp.
297John Christian: author’s interview, June 2010.
298Christian’s taxes: author’s interview with attorney Sheila Grace Neal, March 2013.
299Roscoe White: 1990 Press Kit, JFK Assassination Center, Dallas, Texas; Ricky Don White, Mandarin: The Grassy Knoll Gunman, unpublished manuscript; author’s interviews with Ricky White, 1990, 2006, 2010.
PART III: AFTERMATH
Dallas
303Fritz: IV.205.
304Biffle: Kent Biffle, “Reporter Recalls the Day Camelot Died in Dallas,” Dallas Morning News, April 5, 1981.
305Cabluck: author’s interview, 1976 and 1986.
305Hartman: author’s interview, summer 1986.
306Pocketed bullet: Jesse E. Curry, Retired Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry Reveals His Personal JFK Assassination File, Dallas, Texas, American Poster and Printing Company, 1969, p. 46.
306Bullet hole in sign: In Retrospect of the John F. Kennedy Assassination, Asahi Broadcasting Network, Japan, Aug. 4, 2004.
306Lester: Associated Press, Jan. 5, 1978.
306Luster: “Man Claims He Found Live Bullet Buried Under Top of Grassy Knoll,” Dallas Morning News, Dec. 23, 1978.
307Morgan: author’s interview, spring 1989.
307Robert DePugh: author’s interview with radio host Stan Major, May 1992.
307Harper: James H. Fetzer, Murder in Dealey Plaza, Chicago, Catfeet Press, 2000, p. 41.
308Carr: Shaw with Harris, p. 13.
309Speaker: author’s interviews, July 1987.
Mysterious Secret Service Men
309Smith: Summers, p. 81.
310Summers: Jack Anderson TV documentary, Who Murdered JFK? aired Nov. 2, 1988.
310Holland: Lane, p. 34.
310Weitzman: VII.107.
311Harkness: VI.312.
311Sorrels: “SS ‘Imposters’ Spotted by JFK Witnesses,” Dallas Morning News, Aug. 27, 1978.
312Oswald and agent: WC Report, p. 629.
312Hill: author’s interviews, 1986 and 1989.
314Curry: Summers, p. 51.
314Adams: VI.393.
315Lopez: FBI report File No. DL 89–43, dated Dec. 1, 1963.
315Willis and Ruby: author’s interview, October 1978.
315Wanda Walker: author’s interview, April 1986.
316Ruby at Parkland: Kantor, pp. 192–194. Roy Stamps: author’s interview, April 1986.
The Black Car Chase
316Tilson: “Ex-Officer Suspects He Chased ‘2nd Gun,’” Dallas Morning News, August 20, 1978.
The Account of Roger Craig
318Craig: Roger Craig, When They Kill a President, unpublished manuscript, 1971, p. 7; XIX.524.
320Craig not in office: WC Report, p. 160.
The Three Tramps
322Biffle: “Reporter Recalls the Day Camelot Died in Dallas,” Dallas Morning News, April 5, 1981.
324White: author’s interview, spring 1980–1982.
324Cook: author’s telephone interview, spring 1982.
325Harrelson’s confession: “Events Turn Sour . . . ,” Dallas Morning News, March 20, 1981; “Is Kennedy’s Assassin Sitting in Texas Jail?” News Tribune, Fort Worth, Texas, June 11, 1982.
325Matthews: KDFW-TV (Channel 4, Dallas) interview with Harrelson, aired Feb. 14, 1982.
326The Company: “Story of Spies, Stolen Arms and Drugs,” San Francisco Chronicle, April 28, 1982.
326Trial testimony: “Chagra Says Harrelson Told Him He also Killed JFK,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Nov. 2, 1982.
The Mafia Man in Dealey Plaza
327Braden: Summers, pp. 476–477; Hurt, pp. 123–124; Fensterwald, pp. 287–289.
329Lawrence: Sheldon Inkol, “Jack Lawrence Responds,” Third Decade, Vol. 8, No. 6, Sept. 1992.
330Holt on confusion: www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/1991/12/23/bottom-line-how-crazy-is-it.html.
The Shooting of J. D. Tippit
331Tippit unknown: Meagher, p. 253.
331Markham: III.311.
331Whaley: 11.261.
332Scoggins: III.335.
332Clemons: Lane, p. 194.
332Wright: George and Patricia Nash, New Leader, October 12, 1964, pp. 6–9.
333Poe: XXIV.415.
334Kinsley: Notes of interview by Dallas Morning News reporter Earl Golz, spring 1979.
335Alterations to pistol: WC Report, p. 558.
335Howard: author’s interview, 1987.
335Oswald’s jacket: WC Report, p. 176.
336Benavides: VI.453.
336Roberts: VI.439.
336Davis: III.347.
336Scoggins: III.328.
336Westbrook: WC Report, p. 175.
337Roberts: VI.443–444.
339Bowles: interview with Gary Mack, winter 1981; Gary Mack, “NAS Panel Stuck On Channel 1, Report Delayed,” Continuing Inquiry, March 22, 1982, p. 5; Gary Mack, “J.D
. Tippit: The ‘Missing’ Broadcasts,” Coverups, September 1984, p. 2.
339Coup de grace: HSCA Report, pp. 59–60.
The Arrest of Oswald
340McDonald: “Officer Recalls Oswald Capture,” Dallas Morning News, Nov. 24, 1963.
341Gibson: VII.72.
341Brewer: VII.6.
341Applin: VII.91; “Man Believes He Saw Ruby at Scene of Oswald’s Arrest,” Dallas Morning News, March 11, 1979.
342Burroughs: author’s interview, summer 1987.
343Davis: author’s interview, fall 1988.
344Haire: author’s interview, summer 1987.
344Rose: VII.228; Nigel Turner documentary.
345January: Shaw with Harris, p. 111.
345Robert Vinson: Douglass, pp. 298–301.
346Hoover: “Hoover Called Oswald ‘A Nut’ FBI Files Show,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Dec. 7, 1977.
346Preliminary reports of conspiracy: “Wade Calls Killing a ‘Dastardly Act,’” Dallas Morning News, Nov. 23, 1963.
346Wade to say no conspiracy: Edward Oxford, “Destiny in Dallas,” American History Illustrated, November 1988, p. 24.
The FBI Takes Control
347Curry: IV.195.
349Cadigan: VII.435.
350Quote changed: VII.434.
Two Hospitals
352Stamps: author’s interview, April 1986.
352Kennedy shot from front: Charles A. Crenshaw, MD, with J. Gary Shaw, D. Bradley Kizzia, JD, Gary Aguiklar, MD, and Cyril Wecht, MD, Trauma Room One, New York, Paraview Press, 2001, p. 9.
353Lyndon Johnson’s call: Crenshaw, p. 133.
353Crenshaw perplexed: Ibid., p. 14.
354Dr. Earl Rose: www.twincities.com/ci_20524461/dallas-medical-examiner-barred-from-conducting-jfk-autopsy.
355Fuller: “7 Shared Emergency Room with JFK,” Dallas Morning News, Nov. 22, 1973.
355Tomlinson: VI.133–134.
356Commission Exhibit 399 not from JFK stretcher: WC Report, p. 81.
Jack Ruby at Parkland
356Ruby meeting: Kantor, pp. 192–194.
357Tice: XV.389.
358Connally bullet: John Connally and Mickey Herskowitz, In History’s Shadow: An American Odyssey, New York, Hyperion Books, 1993, p. 18.
359Burkley: XXII.96.
359Finck: Garrison, pp. 246–249.
361Sibert-O’Neill Report: Edward Jay Epstein, “Inquest,” pp. 166–170.
362Ford and Morningstar: Mike Feinsilber, “Ford Says He Edited Report on JFK’s Death for “Clarity,” Associated Press, July 3, 1997.
The Switching of Bodies
364O’Connor: David Lifton, Best Evidence, pp. 598–599.
364Custer: Ibid., p. 620.
364Custer and Riebe: Jeanne King, “Kennedy Autopsy Photos Doctored, Technicians Say,” Reuters, May 29, 1992.
366Brazen manipulation: Douglas P. Horne, Inside the Assassination Records Review Board: The US Government’s Final Attempt to Reconcile the Conflicting Medical Evidence in the Assassination of JFK, Vol. IV, self-published, 2009, p. 987.
366Bone fragment: Josiah Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas: A Micro-study of the Kennedy Assassination, New York, Bernard Geis Associates, 1967; (rev.) New York, Berkley Publishing Corp., 1976, p. 65.
367Burkley on conspiracy: Hurt, p. 49.
368Pitzer and Marvin: www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKpitzerW.htm; author’s interview with Daniel Marvin, August 2006.
369Specter: Groden and Livingston, p. 74.
369Wecht: HSCA 1.358.
370Key to understanding: Groden and Livingston, p. 7.
Jack Ruby
371A terrible conspiracy: taped interview with Bob Huffaker of KRLD News, Dallas, following hearing for a new trial, Sept. 9, 1965.
371The true facts of what occurred: Turner documentary.
371Young Ruby: WC Report, pp. 779–786.
372Ruby and union: V.200; Kantor, pp. 99–100.
373Guthrie: Kantor, pp. 105–106.
375Brown: author’s interviews, 1988 and 1989.
375Ester Mash: author’s interview, spring 1988.
Jack Ruby—Gangster
375Ruby’s associates are discussed in the HSCA Report and volumes; Kantor; Fensterwald; Blakey and Billings; Summers; Scheim, op. cit.
378Abadie: Commission Exhibits 1750 and 1753; Scheim, p. 105.
378Breen-Curry: Scheim, p. 82.
Jack Ruby—Gunrunner and FBI Informant
379Thompson: Ibid., p. 201.
379Browder: William Scott Malone, “The Secret Life of Jack Ruby,” New Times, January 23, 1978, pp. 47–48.
379Weston: “Ruby-Oswald Link Cited by Witness,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, July 18, 1976.
380WC on McWillie: WC Report, p. 370.
380Ruby lied repeatedly: Blakey and Billings, pp. 293–294.
380McWillie: Malone, pp. 50–51; Fensterwald, pp. 285–286; Kantor, pp. 131–132; Blakey and Billings, p. 293.
381McKeown: Kantor, p. 137; Scheim, pp. 202–203; Fensterwald, pp. 364–366.
382Perrin: Scheim, p. 206.
382Wilson: Kantor, p. 132.
383Hemming: author’s interview, January 1991.
383Flynn: Ibid., p. 128; Malone, p. 49; Fensterwald, p. 260; Blakey and Billings, pp. 295–296.
384No ulterior motive: Ibid., p. 296.
384Ruby buys bugging devices: Malone, p. 49.
385Willens: Kantor, p. 127.
385Ruby and Roselli: Malone, p. 51.
The Woman Who Foresaw the Assassination
386Cheramie: HSCA X.199–205; Douglass, pp. 244–246.
Did Ruby and Oswald Know Each Other?
387No evidence: WC Report, p. 650.
387Griffin-Hubert: Blakey and Billings, p. 82.
387Ruby-Oswald connections: HSCA Report, p. 148.
387Oswald-Ruby not loners: Ibid., p. 180.
387Walker: author’s interview, fall 1964.
388Alexander: “Any Oswald-Rubenstein Tie in Dallas Sought by Police,” Dallas Morning News, Nov. 26, 1963.
388Brown: author’s interviews, spring and fall 1988.
388Cummings: “Oswald-Ferrie Link Made by Ex-Cabbie,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March 10, 1967.
388Crowe: “Magician Says Oswald Was Patron in Ruby Night Club,” Dallas Morning News, Nov. 25, 1963; Kent Biffle, “Memory Expert Interests Agents,” Dallas Morning News, Nov. 26, 1963.
389Oliver: Turner television documentary; author’s interview, 1991.
389Carlin: XV.620.
389Kay: “FBI Eyes on Ruby Strippers in JFK Case,” Dallas Times Herald, May 22, 1975.
389Meserole: author’s interviews, spring and summer 1988.
389Weston: “Ruby-Oswald Link Cited by Witness,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, July 18, 1976; “JFK Murder Hatched in Ruby’s Club—Oswald Was There,” Midnight, November 15, 1976.
391Billet: Ibid.
392C. B. Caldera: author’s interview, July 1990.
392Mash: author’s interviews, summer and fall 1988.
393Jarnagin: author’s interview, summer 1988; XXVI.254–257.
394Plot papers: “‘JFK assassination plot’ papers found in Dallas safe,” The Guardian, Feb. 18, 2008.
394Box of documents: “Papers Link Ruby, Oswald,” Dallas Morning News, March 28, 1976.
396Gleam of recognition: Curry, p. 133.
396Ruby’s phone contacts: Blakey and Billings, pp. 302–305.
397Tax liens: WC Report, p. 705.
397Tax connection: Blakey and Billings, p. 308.
397Ruby’s business: Blakey and Billings, p. 309.
The Shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald
398Ruby’s note to Tonahill: Blakey and Billings, p. 333.
398This silly story: Melvin Belli with Maurice Carroll, Dallas Justice, New York, David McKay, 1964, p. 39.
398Ruby: V.191.
400Sightings: HSCA Report, p. 158.
Jack Ruby’s Warnings
400Authorities warned: WC Report, p. 209.
400Gra
mmer: Turner documentary.
401Richey-Smith-Walker: WC Report, pp. 352–353.
401Rushing: XII.75–79; Shaw with Harris, p. 21.
401Pitts: WC Report, p. 353; Kantor, pp. 59–60.
401Carlin: XIX.306.
402Senator’s call: Kantor, p. 217.
402Howard: Commission Exhibit 2002, p. 73.
402Leavelle: author’s interview, fall 1988.
402Alleyway: HSCA Report, p. 157.
403Some premeditation: Ibid.
403Ruby: V.206.
403Roselli: Malone, p. 51.
404Graves: Edward Oxford, “Destiny in Dallas,” American History Illustrated, November 1988, p. 47.
405I stayed in my office: Curry, p. 127.
405Curry: Ibid., p. 130.
405Archer: Turner documentary.
406Alexander: Kantor, p. 114.
406Kilgallen possibility: Lee Israel, Kilgallen, New York, Dell Publishing Co., 1979, p. 358.
407Crawford: Ibid., p. 361.
407Lane: Ibid., p. 378.
407Story isn’t going to die: Ibid., p. 388.
407Dorothy’s death: Ibid., p. 395.
407Carter called Henry Wade: Noel Tyman, Bloody Treason: On Solving History’s Greatest Murder Mystery: The Assassination of John F. Kennedy, Rancho Santa Fe, CA, Laurel Publishing, 1997, pp. 792–793.
408Tonahill: Kantor, p. 4.
408Ruby: V.203–213.
410Hoover: WC Report, p. 815.
The Sudden Death of Jack Ruby
411Stevenson: Kantor, p. 167. Ruby letter: Penn Jones, The Continuing Inquiry, Nov. 22, 1978, and Dec. 22, 1978.
412Second letter: copy in files of researcher J. Gary Shaw.
413Dr. Julian Mardock: author’s interview, fall 1989. Maddox: unpublished interview with Dallas Morning News reporter Earl Golz, winter 1982.
414Tilson: unpublished interview with reporter Earl Golz, summer 1978.
414West:www.csj.org/infoserv_profile/west_louis.htm.
414Bruce McCarty: author’s interview, spring 1988.
The Evidence
415Witnesses: Shaw with Harris, pp. 8–9.
416Palm print mess: WC Report, p. 566.
416Day: IV.265.
417Craig: Roger Craig, p. 18.
418Weitzman: XXIV.228.
418Wade: XXIV.831.
419Boone: III.294.
419Substitution of rifles: Meagher, p. 100.
420Pistol bought in Fort Worth: WC Report, p. 606.
420Simmons: III.443.
421Warren Commission on serial number: WC Report, p. 81.
421Serial number: XXV.808.
An Incriminating Palm Print
