25 “The vast majority, especially those who come”: from economist Arie van der Zwan.
26 “Their demographic profile is traditional”: A. van der Zwan, “Waar blijft de ombuiging in het immigratiebeleid?” [“When will immigration policy change”], in Socialisme en Democratie, vol. 59 no. 4, April 2002, pp. 43–54. See also: A. van der Zwan, “Alarmerende uitkomsten! De wrr-studie integratie van etnische minderheden” [“Alarming outcomes! The WRR think tank study on the integration of ethnic minorities”], in Socialisme en Democratie, vol. 58 no. 9, September 2001, pp. 421–425.
27 Frank Bovenkerk and Yucel Yesilgöz: F. Bovenkerk and Y. Yesilgöz, “Multiculturaliteit in de strafrechtpleging?” [“Multiculturalism in the administration of criminal justice?”], in Tijdschrift voor Beleid, Politiek en Maatschappij [Periodical for Policy Politics and Society], (1999) no. 4, p. 232.
28 This is not surprising: according to the two Italian researchers, Allievi and Castro, who attribute the lack of a deeper sociological analysis.
29 There is also very little sociological research: S. Allievi and F. Castro, “The Islamic presence in Italy: social rootedness and legal questions,” in S. Ferrari and A. Bradney (eds.), Islam and European Legal Systems, Vermont, 2000, p. 198. There seem to be no studies within the Islamic world of the sociogenesis and psychogenesis of Muslim culture, which are comparable to the work of the German sociologist Norbert Elias. On the basis of Elias’s theory of civilization, the process of social integration can be described as the creation of, more or less, mutually dependent situations in an ever more complex society. The psychological component of this social change tends toward the development of steady and automatic self-control, which helps people with the growing demands of life. This increased self-control is shown by the fact that over the centuries European manners and morals have become more relaxed and refined. Initially social institutions imposed new codes of conduct, but over time this process became internalized. According to Elias, this trend began during the early Middle Ages, when—as they were forced to stay at the court—the free and independent knights gradually became dependent on the king. Here they learned to control their feelings and to be diplomatic. This court culture was at first imitated by the higher classes and spread to large sections of the population in the course of the twentieth century, following a big push for civilization. This did not just happen “of its own accord.” Laborers and peasants were forced to adjust to the demands of a modern industrial society (through among other things, the introduction of compulsory military service and education, through having to learn the standard language, et cetera). N. Elias, Het civilisatieproces: Sociogenetische en psychogenetische onderzoekingen [The process of civilization: Socio-genetic and psycho-genetic investigations], Amsterdam, 2001 (1939).
30 The Islamic identity (view of mankind and the world): Pryce-Jones defines the specific concept of honor in the Islamic world as follows: “Honor is what makes life worthwile: shame is a living death, not to be endured, requiring that it be avenged. Honor involves recognition, the openly acknowledged esteem of others which render a person secure and important in his or her own eyes and in front of everyone else. […] Honor and its recognition set up the strongest possible patterns of conduct, in a hierarchy of deference and respect.” (Pryce-Jones, The closed circle, 1989, p. 35).
31 And marrying family members: The recently published Arab Human Development Report evaluates the demographic situation in 22 Arab countries. The total population of these countries amounts to 280 million, of which 38 percent are between the ages of 0 and 14, and only 6 percent are over 60. The report offers two possible scenarios for the future until 2020. According to the first scenario, the Arab population will reach an estimated 459 million by 2020; the second predicts 410 million. UNDP, Arab Human Development Report, New York, 2002, p. 37.
32 This premodern culture closely resembles: which was developed by Jan Romein. Van der Loo and Van Reijen summarize the key elements of the GHP.
33 Doing nothing is a luxury: H. van der Loo and W. van Reijen, Paradoxen van modernisering [Paradoxes of modernization], Bussum, 1997, p. 70.
34 The monotheism of Islam: K. Armstrong, Islam. Geschiedenis van een wereldgodsdients [History of a world religion], Amsterdam, 2001, p. 58. See also: K. Armstrong, Een Geschiedenis van God. Vierduizend jaar jodendom, christendom en islam [A History of God. Four thousand years of Judaism, Christianity and Islam], Baarn, 1993.
35 In The Closed Circle: D. Pryce-Jones, The closed circle.
36 The Muslims created a multiethnic: Lewis, What went wrong? The clash between Islam and modernity in the Middle-East, Londen, 2002, p. 6.
37 This all too simple response: B. Lewis, What went wrong?, p. 158.
38 According to the report: UNDP, Arab Human Development Report.
39 The result is a general stagnation: H. Jansen, “Bush versus Bin Laden, het Western tegen de islam?” [“Bush versus Bin Laden, the West against Islam?”], in International Spectator, nr. 11, November 2001.
40 There is corruption and apathy: N. N. Ayubi, Over-stating the Arab state: politics and society in the Middle-East, New York, 1995, p. 125.
41 If we define culture as the repertoire: N. Wilterdink and B. van Heerikhuizen, Samenlevingen: een verkenning van het terrein van de sociologi [Societies: an exploration of the sociologist’s territory], Groningen, 1993, p. 24.
42 The Islamic world has seen little progress: A. van der Zwan, “Waar blijft de ombuiging in het immigratiebeleid?”
43 The group’s disadvantages are considered: P. de Beer, “PvdA moet terug naar de oorsprong” [“PvdA must return to its roots”], in NRC Handelsblad July 6, 2002.
44 Galenkamp argued that this would be impossible: M. Galenkamp, “Multiculturele samenleving in het geding” [“Multicultural society under discussion”], in Justitiële Verkenningen [Judicial Explorations], (2002) nr. 5.
45 Referring to the study by the Netherlands: Netherlands Scientific Council of Government Policy, Nederland als immigratiesamenleving [The Netherlands as an immigration society].
CHAPTER SIX
46 In a Dutch newsmagazine: HP/De Tijd Rob Oudkerk.
47 If he really said to the Dutch weekly: Vrij Nederland.
CHAPTER SEVEN
48 Thou shalt have no other: An interview by Arjan Visser as published in the series “The Ten Commandments” in the daily newspaper Trouw. “The Ten Commandments” is a series published in a daily newspaper in the Netherlands that interviews many prominent people following the format of the commandments. Copyright © 2003 Arjan Visser.
CHAPTER EIGHT
49 “I notice that in your body”: This interview appeared on June 19, 2004, in the daily newspaper Algemeen Dagblad, with the help of Carine Damen.
CHAPTER NINE
50 At times I end up: This is the unabridged version of “Vrijheid verist permanent onderhoud” [“Freedom requires constant maintenance”] published on May 5, 2003, in the daily newspaper NRC Handelsblad.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
51 An average of eighty women: This is a reedited version of the article published in NRC Handelsblad daily newspaper, October 3, 2003. It is also included in De Maagdenkooi [The Virgins’ Cage], 2004.
CHAPTER TWELVE
52 Genital mutilation of girls: This chapter is based on the article “Besnijdenis mag niet worden gedoogd” [“Circumcision must not be tolerated”], published in the daily newspaper de Volkskrant, February 7, 2004.
53 Since the birth of a stillborn child: From the article by Steffie Kouters in the Volkskrant magazine, July 10, 2004.
54 According to a story in the New York Times: by Sharon LaFraniere, September 28, 2005.
55 A medical report for the government: “Strategies for the prevention of circumcision in girls. Assessment and recommendations, of the Vrije Universiteit [VU] Medical Center in Amsterdam (October 2003).
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
56 Since the early 1900s: Ten tips for Muslim women who want to leave, originally published
in De maagdenkooi [The Virgins’ Cage] (2004).
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
57 My parents brought me up: This is the unabridged version of the article that appeared on October 30, 2004, in the daily newspaper De Volkskrant.
58 These are the words of Mohamed Sini: quoted in the daily newspaper De Volkskrant.
59 “I’m not going to waste my time”: De Volkskrant
60 “They simply don’t deserve a reaction” from the Dutch daily newspaper Trouw.
61 The chairman of the Turkish Muslim organization: het Rottersdam Dagblad
62 Yet the regional institutes for mental welfare: the psychiatrist Carla Rus points out in articles in two Dutch newspapers, Trouw and De Volkskrant.
Index
Abbas, Mahmoud
Abortion
Abu Zaid, Muhammad
Adultery
Afghanistan
Ahmed, Samira
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Aisha
Al-Azhar University, Egypt
Al-Banna, Hassan
Al-Ghazali
Al-Khattab, Caliph Umar
Al-Nisa organization
Al Qaeda organization
Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf
Albania
Albayrak, Nebahat
Algeria
Allah
Amnesty International
Antilles
Arab-European League (AEL)
Arab Human Development Report (United Nations Development Program)
Arafat, Yasir
Arib, Khadija
Armstrong, Karen
Atatürk, Kemal
Atheist Manifesto, The (Philipse)
Atta, Father
Atta, Mohammed
Azerbaijan
Azough, Naima
Balkenende, Jan Peter
Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands
Becx, Caspar
Bellil, Samira
Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in Modern Muslim Society (Mernissi)
Bible, the
Bin Laden, Osama
Blair, Tony
Bouazza, Hafid
Bovenkerk, Frank
Bush, George W.
Cartoons, of the Prophet Muhammad
Catholic Church
Central Registration for Child Abuse
Chechnya
Child Welfare Council
Childbirth, genital mutilation and
China
Christianity
Circumcision
female (see
Genital mutilation)
male
Clitoris
Closed Circle, The (Pryce-Jones)
Clothing
Cohen, Job
Congo
Contraception
Crime rates
Cultural relativism
Customs and Morals in Islam,
Dark Ages
De Geus, Aart-Jan
De Wall, Hans
De Winter, Leon
Democracy
Denmark
Dictatorships
Disownment
Divorce
Djavann, Chahdortt
Domestic violence
Donner, Piet Hein
Education
Egypt
El Bezaz, Naima
El Boujoufi, Driss
Elatik, Fatima
Elite triangle
Ellian, Afshin
Employment
Enlightenment
Erbakan
Eritrea
Ethiopia
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHM)
Evolution, theory of
Female genital mutilation. See Genital mutilation
Forced marriage. See Prearranged marriage
Friedman, Thomas L.
Fundamentalism (political Islam)
Galenkamp, M.
General Human Pattern (GHP)
Genital mutilation
Ghana
Glimpse of Hell, A,
Great Britain
Guantánamo Bay, Cuba
Guide to Islamic Upbringing,
Hadith
Halal and haram,
Hijab (headscarf)
Hinduism
Hirsi Magan (father)
Hirsi Magan (mother)
Hirsi Magan, Haweya
Hitler, Adolf
Holocaust
Homosexuality
Honor
Honor killings
Hoogervorst, Hans
House arrest
Human rights
Human Rights Watch
Hussein, Saddam
Hymen
restoration of,
Ibn Warraq
Illiteracy
Imperialism
Indonesia
Infibulation. See Genital mutilation
Inheritance
Integration process
Intercultural welfare
International Institute of Strategic Studies
Iran
Iraq
Islam and Citizenship Society
Islamic Brotherhood
Islamic Conference
Israel
Jews
hatred of,
Holocaust and,
Judaism and
Jinn (invisible creatures)
Jordan
Judaism
Juvenile delinquency
Kalsbeek, Ella
Kant, Immanuel
Kashmir
Katirci, Fatma
Kenya
Khomeini, Ayatollah
Koran
Kurds
Labia
Labor Party (Netherlands)
Lawful and Prohibited in Islam, The (al-Qaradawi)
Leaving home
Lewis, Bernard
Liberal Party (Netherlands)
London terrorist bombings (2005)
Lucassen, Jan
Lying
Madonna
Madrassas
Malaysia
Manji, Irshad
Manliness, emphasis on
Marriage
age at
domestic violence in,
prearranged
shotgun
wedding night
Martyrdom
Mass triangle
Mecca
Medina
Memorial Day (Netherlands)
Menstruation
Mernissi, Fatima
Mill, John Stuart
Milli Görüs organization
Miss World beauty pageant
Mongols
Moors
Morocco
Muhammad, Prophet
Multiculturalism
Muslim Broadcasting Network (Netherlands)
9/11, 2001
Nasreen, Taslima
New York Times,
Newsweek,
Ni Putes Ni Soumises (“Neither whores nor submissives”)
Nigeria
Obstetric fistulas
“Off with the Veil!” (Djavann)
Okin, Susan Moller
“On the Subjection of Women” (Mill)
Oxford University
Pakistan
Palestine
Philipse, Herman
Popper, Karl
Potter, David
Prearranged marriage
Pregnancy, undesired
Premarital sex. See Sexual morality
Progressive Muslims
Prostitution
Protestant Reformation
Pryce-Jones, David
Punishments
Qutb, Sayyid
Ramadan, Tariq
Rape
Refugees
Regional Institute for Mental Welfare
Romein, Jan
Rushdie, Salman
Russell, Bertrand
Rwanda
Satanic Verses, The (Rushdie)
Saudi Arabia
Self-reflection, need for
September 11, 2001
/> Sex education
Sex industry
Sexual abuse. See also Domestic violence
Sexual morality
Sexually transmitted diseases
Shari’a (Islamic law)
Sharon, Ariel
Siad Barre, Mohamed
Sierra Leone
Sini, Mohamed
Sivan, Emmanuel
Socialist Party (Netherlands)
Somalia
Soyasian, Dogan
Spain
Spinoza, Baruch
Spouse abuse. See Domestic violence
State, U.S. Department of
Stockholm syndrome
Storhaus, Hege
Submission: Part I (film)
Sudan
Sunna
Sunni Muslims
Supernatural
Surinam
Syria
Tajikistan
Taliban
Talmud
Tanzania
Terrorism
Tonca, Ayhan
Tribal mentality
Trouble with Islam, The (Manji)
Trust for Islam and Citizenship
Tunisia
Turkey
Unemployment
Union of Moroccan Muslim Organizations in the Netherlands (UMMON)
United Nations
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Development Program,
Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
Universal human rights
University of Notre Dame
Vagina
Van Boxtel, Roger
Van der Zwan, Arie
Van Gogh, Theo
Veils
Verdonk, Rita
Virginity, doctrine of
Voltaire
Wahhabism (fanaticism)
Welfare state
Western philosophers
What Went Wrong? The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East (Lewis)
Why I Am Not a Muslim (Ibn Warraq)
The Caged Virgin: An Emancipation Proclamation for Women and Islam Page 19
