236. Lincoln to A. G. Hodges, Washington, 4 Apr. 1864, CWL, 281.
237. Robert H. Browne, Abraham Lincoln and the Men of His Time (2 vols.; Cincinnati: Jennings and Pye, 1901), 1:285.
238. Reminiscences of John E. Roll, in John Linden Roll, “Sangamo Town,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 19 (1926–1927): 159.
239. Autobiography written for John Locke Scripps, [ca. June 1860], CWL, 4:65.
240. House Journal, 1836–1837, 241–242 (12 Jan. 1837).
241. Merton Dillon, Elijah P. Lovejoy, Abolitionist Editor (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961), 47.
242. Clay’s speech delivered in Lexington, Kentucky, 13 Nov. 1847, Hopkins, ed., Papers of Clay, 10:372.
243. Speech at Vincennes, Indiana, quoted in The Old Soldier (Springfield, Illinois), 2 Mar. 1840.
244. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 15 Apr. 1854.
245. Right and Wrong in Boston, no. 2, 53, quoted in Gilbert Hobbs Barnes, The Antislavery Impulse, 1830–1844 (1933; New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1964), 25.
246. “Declaration of Sentiments,” written for the American Antislavery Society in 1833, quoted in William Lee Miller, Arguing about Slavery: The Great Battle in the United States Congress (New York: Knopf, 1996), 71; The Liberator (Boston), 11:191, quoted in Wendell Phillips Garrison et al., William Lloyd Garrison, 1805–1879: The Story of His Life Told by His Children (4 vols.; New York: Century, 1885–1889), 1:410, 3:32–33.
247. The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison, ed. Walter M. Merrill (6 vols.; Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971–1981), 1:249; The Liberator (Boston), 3 Feb. 1843.
248. The Liberator (Boston), 1 Jan. 1831.
249. CWL, 1:271–279; William D. Kelley to the editor of the New York Tribune, Philadelphia, 23 Sept. 1885, in William D. Kelley, Lincoln and Stanton (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1885), 86; Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 216 (entry for 1 July 1864).
250. Dillon, Lovejoy, 40–41.
251. Shepherd of the Valley (St. Louis), 28 Feb. 1834, in “Elijah P. Lovejoy As an Anti-Catholic,” Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia 62 (1951):174 (no author given).
252. Eulogy on Henry Clay, 6 July 1852, CWL, 2:130.
Chapter 5. “We Must Fight the Devil with Fire”
1. Patrick Shirreff, A Tour through North America; Together with a Comprehensive View of the Canadas and the United States as Adapted for Agricultural Emigration (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1835), 242; James Stuart, Three Years in North America (2 vols.; New York: J. and J. Harper, 1833), 2:224; Springfield correspondence, 21 June, Utica, New York, Herald, 27 June, copied in the New York Tribune, 9 July 1860; excerpts from an unpublished autobiography by William Henry, brother of Anson G. Henry, enclosed in Harry S. Douglas to Carl Sandburg, Arcade, New York, 12 Feb. 1955, Abraham Lincoln Association reference files, IHi.
2. William Cullen Bryant to his wife, Jacksonville, Illinois, 12 and 19 June 1832, in Parke Godwin, ed., Prose Writings of William Cullen Bryant (2 vols.; New York: D. Appleton, 1889), 2:13–14, 16.
3. John Moses, Illinois, Historical and Statistical (2 vols.; Chicago: Fergus, 1889), 1:431–432.
4. Miriam Morrison Worthington, ed., “Diary of Anna R. Morrison, Wife of Isaac L. Morrison,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 7 (1914): 43 (entry for 13 Dec. 1840).
5. Elizabeth Lushbaugh Capps, “Early Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” Abraham Lincoln Association reference files, “Reminiscences” folder, IHi.
6. Clinton L. Conkling, Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 13 Feb. 1919.
7. George R. Weber, “Good-Bye,” Old Settlers Telephone (Springfield), n.d., clipping, LMF; “Mentor” in the Sangamo Journal, 1 Apr. 1847.
8. Letter by “Chicago,” Springfield, 7 Oct., Chicago Daily Times, 12 Oct. 1858.
9. Dispatch by “Traveler,” Springfield, 6 Dec., Chicago Times, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 15 Dec. 1856; John Lewis Peyton, Over the Alleghenies and Across the Prairies: Personal Recollections of the Far West, One and Twenty Years Ago (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1869), 300.
10. Springfield correspondence, 26 Nov., Cincinnati Commercial, n.d., copied in the Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 4 Dec. 1860.
11. Hezekiah Morse Wead diary, 31 Aug. 1847, IHi.
12. John Hay to Nora Perry, Springfield, 20 May 1859, John Hay Papers, RPB.
13. James Caird, Prairie Farming in America, with Notes by the Way on Canada and the United States (New York: D. Appleton, 1859), 65.
14. John Hay to Charles G. Halpine, Washington, 22 Nov. 1863, Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 68.
15. Lincoln to Mary Owens, Springfield, 7 May 1837, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 1:78–79.
16. William Butler, interview with John G. Nicolay, [June 1875], Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 22–23.
17. Stephen A. Douglas to Julius N. Granger, Jacksonville, 9 May 1835, Robert W. Johannsen, ed., The Letters of Stephen A. Douglas (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961), 15.
18. Speed’s recollections, 1882, Osborn H. Oldroyd, The Lincoln Memorial: Album Immortelles (New York: G. W. Carleton, 1883), 146; Joshua Speed, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln and Notes of a Visit to California: Two Lectures (Louisville, KY: John P. Morton, 1884), 21–22; statement Speed made “some years” before his death in 1882, quoted in a Washington letter, n.d., to the Louisville Courier-Journal, copied in the Bloomington Pantagraph, 17 Jan. 1884.
19. Complaint of plaintiff in the suit of Hawthorn vs. Woolridge, 1 July 1836, Martha L. Benner, Cullom Davis et al., eds., The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln: Complete Documentary Edition, DVD-ROM (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000) [hereafter LPAL], case file #03504.
20. Fragment: Notes of a Law Lecture, [1 July 1850?], CWL, 2:81.
21. Robert McIntyre, “Lincoln’s Friend,” Charleston, Illinois, Courier, n.d., Paris, Illinois, Gazette, n.d., Chicago Tribune, 30 May 1885.
22. Stephen T. Logan, interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Springfield, 6 July 1875, Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 39; Milton Hay, interview with Nicolay, Springfield, 4 July 1875, ibid., 27.
23. Illinois Republican, n.d., copied in the Sangamo Journal, 17 June 1837.
24. Undated letter by “Springfield,” Sangamo Journal, 10 June 1837.
25. Sangamo Journal, 15 July 1837.
26. Ibid., 5 Aug. 1837.
27. Illinois State Register (Vandalia), 29 Sept. 1837, 25 May 1838.
28. Andy Van Meter, Always My Friend: A History of the State Journal-Register and Springfield (Springfield, IL: Copley Press, 1981), 64.
29. First Reply to James Adams, 6 Sept. 1837, CWL, 1:95–100.
30. “An Old Settler—No. 1,” Sangamo Journal, 7 Oct. 1837.
31. Second Reply to James Adams, 18 Oct. 1837, CWL, 1:101–106.
32. Sangamo Journal, 12 May 1838.
33. Unsigned letter purportedly by a Democratic politician (doubtless John Calhoun) to Reuben Whitney, Springfield, 3 May 1837, Sangamo Journal, 13 May 1837.
34. Unsigned letter purportedly by a Democratic politician (doubtless John Calhoun) to [Reuben Whitney?], Springfield, 1 June, Sangamo Journal, 3 June 1837.
35. Usher F. Linder, Reminiscences of the Early Bench and Bar of Illinois (Chicago: Chicago Legal News, 1879), 62–64.
36. David Davis to William P. Walker, Bloomington, Illinois, 1 July 1837 and 19 Jan. 1840, David Davis Papers, IHi.
37. Samuel D. Marshall to Henry Eddy, Springfield,
19 Dec. 1839, Eddy Papers, IHi.
38. John Pearson to James W. Stephenson, Joliet, Illinois, 8 Jan. 1838 (misfiled 1834), Stephenson Papers, IHi.
39. Letters of 25 Apr. and 7 May, Sangamo Journal, 26 May 1838.
40. Sangamo Journal, 16 June 1838.
41. David Davis, memorial address at services for John Todd Stuart, 13 Jan. 1886, Bloomington, Illinois, Pantagraph, 6 Feb. 1886.
42. Sangamo Journal, 13 Jan. 1838; Douglas to Simeon Francis, 26 Jan. 1838, enclosed in Douglas to George Weber, Springfield, 30 Jan. 1838, in Johannsen, ed., Letters of Douglas, 52.
43. Conservative No. 2, Sangamo Journal, 27 Jan. 1838; Conservative No. 2, addendum, Sangamo Journal, 3 Feb. 1838.
44. Columbia, South Carolina, Southern Times, 28 Aug. 1835, quoted in David Grimsted, American Mobbing, 1828–1861: Toward Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 3.
45. Speech in the Illinois House of Representatives, 11 Jan. 1837, CWL, 1:69.
46. Address before the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois, 27 Jan. 1838, CWL, 1:113–114.
47. Lincoln to William A. Minshall, Springfield, 7 Dec. 1837, CWL, 1:107.
48. Alton Telegraph and Democratic Review, n.d., quoted in John Michael Rozett, “The Social Bases of Party Conflict in the Age of Jackson: Individual Voting Behavior in Greene County Illinois, 1838–48” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1974), 43.
49. William H. Herndon and Jesse W. Weik, Herndon’s Lincoln, ed. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis (1889; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006), 126; Henry Clay Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, ed. Paul M. Angle (1892; Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1940), 12.
50. Albert Taylor Bledsoe, review of Ward Hill Lamon’s biography of Lincoln, Southern Review 12 (Apr. 1873): 334.
51. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 26 (entry for 12 Oct. 1861).
52. Edwin Wlipple, ed., The Great Speeches and Orations of Daniel Webster (Boston: Little, Brown, 1889), 135.
53. CWL, 1:108–115.
54. Sangamo Journal, 5 Dec. 1835.
55. CWL, 1:111, 110, 109.
56. Conservative No. 3, Sangamo Journal, 10 Feb. 1838.
57. Lincoln to John Todd Stuart, Springfield, 1 Mar. 1840, CWL, 1:206.
58. Lincoln to Jesse W. Fell, n.p., [23 July 1838], CWL, 1:120.
59. Letter by Ewing, 9 July 1838, in “The Seat of Government,” Sangamo Journal, 21 July 1838.
60. Lincoln to John Todd Stuart, Vandalia, 14 Feb. 1839, CWL, 1:143.
61. John J. Hardin to his wife, Vandalia, 21 Feb. 1839, Hardin Family Papers, ICHi.
62. House Journal, 1838–1839, 98–100.
63. Remarks in Illinois Legislature, 8 Dec. 1838, CWL, 1:123.
64. Report and Resolutions, 17 Jan. 1839, CWL, 1:135.
65. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 8 Jan. 1840.
66. Sangamo Journal, 1 Nov. 1839.
67. Lincoln to William S. Wait, Vandalia, 2 Mar. 1839, CWL, 1:148.
68. Thomas J. Nance to Catherine Nance, Springfield, 23 Jan. 1840, Fern Nance Pond, ed., “Letters of an Illinois Legislator: 1839–1840,” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 5 (1949):417.
69. David Davis to William P. Walker, Bloomington, 18 Mar. 1839, David Davis Papers, IHi.
70. Letter dated 6 Sept. 1838, Sangamo Journal, 15 Sept. 1838.
71. Sangamo Journal, 16 Feb. 1839.
72. John G. Nicolay interviewed in “Lincoln in Early Life, Col o nel Nicolay’s Reminiscences,” Washington correspondence by C., Chicago Herald, 4 Dec. 1887.
73. Lincoln to Butler, Vandalia, 26 Jan. 1839, CWL, 1:139–140.
74. Baker to Butler, Vandalia, 26 Jan. 1839, CWL, 1:138.
75. Lincoln to Butler, Vandalia, 1 Feb. 1839, CWL, 1:141.
76. House Journal, 1838–1839, p. 171 (5 Jan. 1839).
77. Remarks of 5 Jan. 1839, CWL, 1:126.
78. House Journal, 1838–1839, p. 323 (1 Feb. 1839).
79. Paul M. Angle, “Here I Have Lived”: A History of Lincoln’s Springfield, 1821–1865 (Springfield: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1935), 90–91.
80. Remarks made on 30 Jan. 1840, CWL, 1:201.
81. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 8 Jan. 1840.
82. Remarks made on 22 Jan. 1840, CWL, 1:196.
83. Lincoln to John Todd Stuart, Springfield, 23 Dec. 1839, CWL, 1:159.
84. Lincoln to John Stuart, Springfield, 20 Jan. 1840, CWL, 1:184.
85. Clinton L. Conkling, “Movement for a Third Capital,” in Newton Bateman and Paul Selby, eds., Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, vol. II, part 1 (Chicago: Munsell, 1912), 646–647.
86. Thomas Ford, History of Illinois from Its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847 (Chicago: S. C. Griggs, 1854), 139.
87. David Davis to John J. Hardin, Bloomington, Illinois, 1 June 1839, Hardin Family Papers, ICHi.
88. Communication to the readers of The Old Soldier, 28 Feb. 1840, CWL, 1:205.
89. Sangamo Journal, 3 Nov. 1838.
90. Ibid., 26 May 1838.
91. Anthony Banning Norton, The Great Revolution of 1840: Reminiscences of the Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign (Mt. Vernon, OH: A. B. Norton, 1888), 10.
92. Thomas Elder, paraphrased in Richard Smith Elliott, Notes Taken in Sixty Years (St. Louis: Studley, 1883), 121; C. Davis in Holt, Rise and Fall of the Whig Party, 105.
93. Circular to the readers of The Old Soldier, 28 Feb. 1840, CWL, 1:205.
94. Bledsoe’s review of Ward Hill Lamon’s biography of Lincoln, Southern Review 12 (Apr. 1873):360–361.
95. J. S. Buckingham, The Eastern and Western States of America (3 vols.; London: Fisher, 1842), 3:285.
96. M. Bradley to Thurlow Weed, 29 Aug. 1839, quoted in Holt, Rise and Fall of the Whig Party, 101.
97. Linder, Reminiscences, 136.
98. Lincoln to Stuart, Springfield, 20 Jan. 1840, CWL, 1:184.
99. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 23 Nov. 1839.
100. Joseph Gillespie to Herndon, Edwardsville, Illinois, 31 Jan. 1866, Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln [hereafter HI] (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 181.
101. He said this in 1856. Speech of “Judge Park” (perhaps Samuel C. Parks) at a banquet in Joliet, Illinois, Washington Post, 1 Apr. 1883.
102. Henry C. Whitney, Lincoln the Citizen, vol. 1 of A Life of Lincoln, ed. Marion Mills Miller (2 vols.; New York: Baker and Taylor, 1908), 145.
103. “To the Public,” Illinois State Register (Springfield), 3 Apr. 1840; John B. Weber, interview with Herndon, [ca. 1 Nov. 1866], HI, 389.
104. Linder, Reminiscences, 249.
105. Joseph Gillespie to Herndon, Edwardsville, Illinois, 31 Jan. 1866, HI, 181.
106. CWL, 1:158.
107. Lincoln to John Todd Stuart, Springfield, 23 Dec. 1839, CWL, 1:159.
108. CWL, 1:159–179.
109. Speed, Reminiscences of Lincoln, 25.
110. Speed to Herndon, Louisville, 6 Dec. 1866, HI, 499.
111. “Oration of John M. Palmer, Delivered at Galesburg, Ill., October 7, 1896,” in Personal Recollections of John M. Palmer: The Story of an Earnest Life (Cincinnati: Clarke, 1901), 604–605.
112. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 8 Feb. 1840.
113. Ibid., 27 Mar. 1840; Springfield correspondence by Virginius [George T. M. Davis], 7 Dec., Alton Telegraph, 12 Dec. 1840.
114. John F. Snyder, Adam W. Snyder and His Period in Illinois History, 1817–1842 (2nd ed., rev.; Virginia, IL: E. Needham, 1906), 341.
115. Field to Henry Eddy, Springfield, 17 Aug. 1840, Eddy Papers, IHi; Logan Hay, “Lincoln One Hundred Years Ago,” Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 1 (1940):89–90; Linder, Reminiscences, 206–207.
116. Belleville Advocate, 29 Aug. 1840.
117. Elihu B. Washburne, “Abraham Lincoln, H
is Personal History and Public Record, Speech delivered in the U.S. House of Representatives, May 29, 1860,” pamphlet ed. (1860), 2; Washburne in Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American Review, 1888), 9–10.
118. John Hay, “Colonel Baker” (1861) in Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side, 155–156.
119. Reminiscences of Anthony Thornton, Chicago Tribune, 12 Feb. 1900.
120. Masonic Trowel (Springfield), 15 May 1865, p. 70.
121. Thomas J. McCormack, ed., Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, 1809–1896 (2 vols.; Cedar Rapids, IA: Torch Press, 1909), 1:443–444.
122. Alton Telegraph, 11 Apr. 1840.
123. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 17 July and 25 Jan. 1840.
124. Old Hickory (Springfield), 24 Feb. 1840; Old Hickory, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register Springfield, 21 Feb. 1840, in Johannsen, ed., Letters of Douglas, 79.
125. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 12 June 1840, in Johannsen, ed., Letters of Douglas, 84.
126. John A. Chesnut, letter in the Sangamo Journal, 8 May 1840.
127. Reminiscences of Abram Brokaw, Bloomington Pantagraph, 18 Feb. 1903.
128. Tremont correspondence, 4 May, Sangamo Journal, 15 May 1840; Illinois State Register (Springfield), 29 May 1840.
129. Ward Hill Lamon to Lincoln, Bloomington, Illinois, 17 Aug. 1860, AL MSS DLC.
130. James H. Matheny, interview with Herndon, [1865–1866], HI, 471.
131. Ibid.
132. Great Western (Belleville), 18 Apr. 1840.
133. Sangamo Journal, 3 July 1840.
134. John M. Scott, “Lincoln on the Stump and at the Bar,” enclosed in Scott to Ida Tarbell, Bloomington, Illinois, 14 Aug. 1895, Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.
135. Response to a serenade, 10 Nov. 1864, CWL, 8:101.
136. David Davis, quoted in Willard L. King, Lincoln’s Manager: David Davis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960), 38; Albert Taylor Bledsoe, review of Ward Hill Lamon’s biography of Lincoln, Southern Review 12 (Apr. 1873): 332–333.
137. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 24 July 1840.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 1 Page 141
