56. Congressional Globe, 30th Congress, 1st Session, 109 (5 Jan. 1848).
57. Washington correspondence by “Sigma,” 8 Jan., Illinois State Register (Springfield), 21 Jan. 1848.
58. Congressional Globe, 30th Congress, 1st Session, Appendix, 1 (7 Dec. 1847).
59. Resolutions, 22 Dec. 1847, CWL, 1:420–422.
60. Congressional Globe, 30th Congress, 1st Session, 229 (24 Jan. 1848).
61. Washington correspondence by “Potomac,” 22 Dec. 1847, Baltimore Patriot, n.d., copied in the Chicago Journal, 6 Jan. 1848.
62. Rockford Forum, 19 Jan. 1848; Quincy Whig, n.d, copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 14 Jan. 1848.
63. Belleville Times, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 14 Jan. 1848.
64. Illinois Globe (Charleston), n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 14 Jan. 1848.
65. Free Trader (Ottawa), n.d., copied in the Belleville Advocate, 2 Feb. 1848.
66. C. H. Lanphier to John A. McClernand, Springfield, 16 Jan. 1848, McClernand Papers, IHi.
67. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 14 Jan. 1848.
68. Chicago Times, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 26 June 1858.
69. Congressional Globe, 30th Congress, 1st Session, 95 (3 Jan. 1848).
70. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 21 Jan. 1848.
71. Lincoln to Horace Greeley, Washington, 27 June 1848, CWL, 1:494.
72. Speech of 12 Jan. 1848, CWL, 1:431–442.
73. Chicago Tribune, 12 Feb. 1900.
74. R. W. Thompson, “Abraham Lincoln,” undated manuscript, 15, R. W. Thompson Papers, IHi.
75. Lincoln to Herndon, Washington, 8 Jan. 1848, CWL, 1:430.
76. Henry Clay Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, ed. Paul M. Angle (1892; Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1940), 60.
77. Reminiscences of Samuel Lowry, in Horace Lowry to Ida Tarbell, n.d., Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.
78. Washington correspondence by W. S., 12 Jan., Boston Atlas, 15 Jan. 1848.
79. Thompson, “Abraham Lincoln,” undated manuscript, R. W. Thompson Papers, IHi.
80. Washington correspondence, 12 Jan., Baltimore American, 13 Jan. 1848.
81. Quincy Whig, 2 Feb. 1848.
82. Congressional Globe, 30th Congress, 1st Session, Appendix, 246 (18 Jan. 1848).
83. Ibid., 192–196 (18 Jan. 1848).
84. Ibid., Appendix, 108 (19 Jan. 1848).
85. Ibid., 289 (2 Feb. 1848).
86. Washington correspondence by Oliver, 12 Jan., New York Evening Post (weekly ed.), 20 Jan. 1848.
87. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 14 Apr. 1848.
88. Marshall Illinoisan, n.d., reporting a meeting held on 29 Jan. 1848, copied in the Ottawa Free Trader, 23 July 1858; Illinois State Register (Springfield), 18 Feb. 1848, 14 July 1858, 3 Oct. 1860.
89. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 10 Mar. 1848.
90. Belleville Advocate, 6 Jan. 1848, 14 June 1849.
91. Lincoln to Herndon, Washington, 1 Feb. 1848, CWL, 1:446–447.
92. Lincoln to Linder, Washington, 22 Mar. 1848, CWL, 1:457.
93. Lincoln to Herndon, Washington, 15 Feb. 1848, CWL, 1:451–452.
94. Lincoln to John M. Peck, Washington, 21 May 1848, CWL, 1:473.
95. Chicago Journal, n.d., quoted in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 6 Nov. 1846.
96. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, Springfield, 11 Feb. 1887, H-W MSS DLC.
97. Speech of 27 July 1848, CWL, 1:501–516.
98. Frank L. Owsley to Albert J. Beveridge, Nashville, Tennessee, 14 Apr. 1925, Beveridge Papers, DLC.
99. Birchall to Thomas Ewing, Springfield, 6 June 1849, Records of the Department of the Interior, Appointments Division, Central Office Appointment Papers, 1849–1907, box 32, Record Group 48, National Archives, College Park, Maryland.
100. Illinois Gazette (Lacon), 15 Apr. 1848.
101. Lincoln to Herndon, Washington, 8 Jan. 1848, CWL, 1:430–431.
102. Lawrence B. Stringer, unpublished biography of Lincoln, written ca. 1927, 157, IHi.
103. “A Day at the White House,” Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser, 23 Mar. 1865.
104. David Davis to Julius Rockwell, Bloomington, 7 Dec. 1848, Davis Papers, IHi.
105. Logan, interview with Herndon, [1865–1866], Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln [hereafter HI] (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 468.
106. Lincoln to Schouler, Washington, 28 Aug. 1848, CWL, 1:518–519.
107. David Davis, interview with Herndon, 20 Sept. 1866, HI, 348.
108. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 24 Sept. 1850.
109. Ibid., 19 July 1880.
110. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, Springfield, 11 Feb. 1887, H-W MSS DLC.
111. Peter Menard to Lincoln, Tremont, 4 Apr. 1849, AL MSS DLC; Herndon to Weik, Springfield, 15 Jan. 1886, H-W MSS DLC.
112. Hezekiah Morse Wead diary, 15 July 1847, IHi.
113. Thomas Harris to Charles Lanphier, Washington, 12 Aug. 1850, Lanphier Papers, IHi.
114. James Shields to Augustus C. French, Quincy, 13 Aug. 1848, French Papers, IHi.
115. Springfield correspondence by Ecarte (John Hay), 20 Nov., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 22 Nov. 1860.
116. Nathan M. Knapp to Ozias M. Hatch, Winchester, Illinois, 3 Sept. [1859], Hatch Papers, IHi.
117. Illinois State Register (Springfield), n.d., quoted in Jack Nortrup, “Richard Yates: Civil War Governor of Illinois” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, 1960), 126.
118. Lincoln to Henry C. Whitney, Springfield, 7 June 1855, CWL, 2:313.
119. Washington correspondence, 22 June, New York Journal of Commerce, 24 June 1848.
120. Julius Rockwell to Lucy F. Rockwell, Washington, 19 Jan. 1848, typescript, Rockwell Papers, Lenox Public Library, Lenox, Massachusetts.
121. Thomas Butler King to Winfield Scott, 15 Feb. 1845, draft, King Papers, quoted in Michael Holt, The Rise and Fall of the Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 262.
122. George Ashmun to Daniel Webster, Springfield, Massachusetts, 14 June 1847, Charles M. Wiltse et al., eds., The Papers of Daniel Webster, Correspondence (7 vols.; Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1974–1986), 6:235–236.
123. Julius Rockwell to William P. Walker, Washington, 7 Jan. 1848, typescript, Rockwell Papers, Lenox Public Library, Lenox, Massachusetts.
124. Thomas Brewer to William Schouler, Roxbury, Massachusetts, 7 Jan. 1848, Schouler Papers, MHi.
125. Silas Noble to E. B. Washburne, Dixon, Illinois, 13 Mar. 1848, Washburne Papers, DLC.
126. Hardin to Joseph Gillespie, Washington, 7 Dec. 1844, Gillespie Papers, IHi.
127. Speech by Singleton in Jacksonville in 1858, quoted in the Lincoln, Illinois, correspondence, 4 June 1860, Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 7 June 1860, and in the Jacksonville correspondence, n.d., Missouri Republican (St. Louis), n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 24 Sept. 1858.
128. Osborn H. Oldroyd, ed., The Lincoln Memorial: Album-Immortelles (Boston: D. L. Guernsey, 1882), 241.
129. Lincoln to Herndon, Washington, 2 Feb. 1848, CWL, 1:448.
130. Congressional Globe, 30th Congress, 1st Session, Appendix, 163 (2 Feb. 1848).
131. Lincoln to the Taylor Committee, Washington, 9 Feb. 1848, CWL, 1:449.
132. Lincoln to Thomas S. Flournoy, Washington, 17 Feb. 1848, and Lincoln to Jesse Lynch, Washington, 10 Apr. 1848, CWL, 1:452, 463.
133. Lincoln to Archibald Williams, Washington, 30 April 1848, and Lincoln to Silas Noble, Washington, 25 May 1848, CWL, 1:468, 474.
134. Caleb B. Smith to Allen Hamilton, 15 Feb. 1848, Hamilton Papers, quoted in Holt, Rise and Fall of the Whig Party, 273.
135. Fragment: What General Taylor Ought to Say, [Mar.?] 184
8, CWL, 1:454.
136. Lincoln to Linder, Washington, 22 Mar. 1848, CWL, 1:457–458.
137. Giddings, speech before the New Hampshire House of Representatives, 26 June 1847, Illinois State Register (Springfield), 12 Aug. 1847.
138. Columbus Delano to Joshua R. Giddings, 25 May 1847, quoted in John H. Schroeder, Mr. Polk’s War: American Opposition and Dissent, 1846–1848 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1973), 135.
139. Greeley to Schuyler Colfax, New York, 3 Apr. 1848, Greeley Papers, New York Public Library.
140. Holt, Rise and Fall of the Whig Party, 317.
141. Detroit Free Press, 11 July 1848, quoted in Joseph G. Rayback, Free Soil: The Election of 1848 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1971), 204.
142. Holt, Rise and Fall of the Whig Party, 329.
143. Lincoln to Herndon, Washington, 12 June 1848, CWL, 1:476–477.
144. Greeley to Colfax, n.p., n.d., copy of excerpt, Allan Nevins Papers, Columbia University.
145. Speech of 10 June 1848, CWL, 1:475–476.
146. Washington correspondence, 20 June, New York Tribune, 22 June 1848.
147. CWL, 1:501–516.
148. Washington correspondence by “Independent,” 27 July, Philadelphia North American and U.S. Gazette, 29 July 1848; Baltimore American, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 13 Aug. 1848.
149. Ben: Perley Poore in Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American Review, 1888), 221.
150. Hannibal Hamlin quoted by his grandson, Charles E. Hamlin, in Charles E. Hamlin, “Lincoln, the Man of Method,” undated manuscript, Hamlin Family Papers, University of Maine.
151. Lincoln to Herndon, Washington, 22 June and 10 July 1848, CWL, 1:491, 497.
152. Chicago Weekly Democrat, 26 Sept. 1848.
153. William H. Howe to Roger Sherman Baldwin Jr., 25 July 1848, quoted in Holt, Rise and Fall of the Whig Party, 333.
154. Wilson to Joshua R. Giddings, 6 Feb. 1847, Giddings Papers, quoted in Reinhard H. Luthin, “Abraham Lincoln and the Massachusetts Whigs in 1848,” New England Quarterly 14 (1941):623; Holt, Rise and Fall of the Whig Party, 326; Henry Wilson, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1872), 2:136.
155. “The Free Soil Whigs of Massachusetts,” New York Evening Post (weekly ed.), 19 Oct. 1848.
156. Solomon Lincoln to Artemas Hale, Hingham, 2 Mar. 1848, Freehold, New Jersey, Transcript, 6 Mar. 1931.
157. CWL, 2:1–5.
158. Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 14 Sept. 1848.
159. Henry J. Gardner, statement for Edward L. Pierce, [Feb.–May 1890], HI, 699; CWL, 2:1–2.
160. [William Schouler], Worcester correspondence, 13 Sept., Boston Atlas, 13 Sept. 1848; CWL, 2:1–5.
161. Zephaniah W. Pease, ed., The Diary of Samuel Rodman: A New Bedford Chronicle of Thirty-Seven Years, 1821-1859 (New Bedford, MA: Reynolds, 1927), 287 (entry for 15 Sept. 1848); New Bedford Mercury, in Richard J. Hinton, Life and Public Services of Hon. Abraham Lincoln (Boston: Thayer and Eldridgo, 1860), 26.
162. Boston Herald, 16 Sept. 1848, quoted in William F. Hanna, Abraham among the Yankees: Abraham Lincoln’s 1848 Visit to Massachusetts (Taunton, MA: Old Colony Historical Society, 1983), 50.
163. Samuel P. Hadley, “Recollections of Lincoln in Lowell in 1848,” in Frederick W. Coburn, History of Lowell and Its People (3 vols.; New York: Lewis Historical Co., 1920), 1:235–236.
164. Letter by “Templeton” [George Harris Monroe], Boston Highlands, 22 Apr., Boston Sunday Herald, 26 Apr. 1885; “Lincoln in Massachusetts,” unidentified newspaper article by Monroe, clipping collection, LMF.
165. Norfolk Democrat, 22 Sept. 1848, in Walter Austin, Tale of a Dedham Tavern: History of the Norfolk Hotel (Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1912), 146, 64; Robert Barton, “Lincoln Visited Dedham Just 100 Years Ago,” typescript, Barton Papers, University of Illinois.
166. Taunton Old Colony Republican, 23 Sept. 1848, quoted in Sheldon H. Harris, “Abraham Lincoln Stumps a Yankee Audience,” New England Quarterly 38 (1965):230.
167. Boston Chronotype, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 13 Oct. 1848.
168. “Abraham Lincoln at Union Hall,” Taunton Bristol County Democrat, 29 Sept. 1848.
169. Boston Journal, n.d., copied in the New York Tribune, 25 Sept. 1848.
170. Francis B. Carpenter, “A Day with Governor Seward at Auburn,” July 1870, Seward Papers, University of Rochester.
171. Frederick W. Seward, Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State: A Memoir of His Life, with Selections from His Letters (2 vols; New York: Derby and Miller, 1891), 1:180.
172. Chicago correspondence, 1 Oct., New York Herald, 2 Oct. 1860.
173. Hamlin told this to C. J. Prescott. Reminiscences of C. J. Prescott, “Hamlin” folder, Ida M. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.
174. Pierce, statement for Herndon, [1887?], HI, 691.
175. CWL, 2:14.
176. Joseph Fifer, interview with Carl Sandburg, 1923, memo, Carl Sandburg Papers, University of Illinois.
177. Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power, 2:190–191.
178. Interview with Ficklin, The Classmate: A Paper for Young People (Cincinnati), 6 Feb. 1926.
179. Washington correspondence, 22 Dec. 1847, Chicago Daily Democrat, 4 Jan. 1848.
180. Lincoln voted with the 87–70 minority against tabling a petition calling for this measure. House Journal, 30th Congress, 1st Session, 167–168 (30 Dec. 1847).
181. Wentworth to Edmund S. Kimberly, 26 June 1848, quoted in Don E. Fehrenbacher, Chicago Giant: A Biography of “Long John” Wentworth (Madison, WI: American History Research Center, 1957), 79.
182. Horace Mann to Mary Mann, Washington, 18 and 29 July 1848, Horace Mann Papers, MHi.
183. Washington correspondence by [John] B[rown], 13 Aug., New York Evening Post (weekly ed.), 24 Aug. 1848.
184. Horace Mann to Mary Mann, Washington, 11 and 13 Aug. 1848, Horace Mann Papers, MHi.
185. Horace Mann to his wife, Washington, 1 May 1848, Horace Mann Papers, MHi.
186. John Randolph, quoted in Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the United States Government’s Relations to Slavery, ed. Ward M. McAfee (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 67.
187. CWL, 2:253.
188. E. S. Abdy, Journal of a Residence and Tour of the United States of North America, from April, 1833, to October, 1834 (3 vols.; London: John Murray, 1835), 2:96–97.
189. Horace Mann to Samuel Gridley Howe, Washington, 22 Apr. 1848, Horace Mann Papers, MHi.
190. Palfrey to Charles Francis Adams, Washington, 13 Dec. 1848, Adams Papers, MHi.
191. William Schouler, Washington correspondence, 26 Dec., Boston Atlas, 29 Dec. 1848.
192. Joshua Giddings to Charles Sumner, Washington, 22 Dec., 1848, Sumner Papers, Harvard University; Joshua R. Giddings, History of the Rebellion: Its Authors and Causes (New York: Follett, Foster, 1864), 286–288.
193. House Journal, 30th Congress, 2nd Session, 132 (21 Dec. 1848).
194. Congressional Globe, 30th Congress, 2nd Session, Appendix, 214 (10 Jan. 1849).
195. Washington correspondence, 26 Jan., Boston Atlas, 29 Jan. 1849.
196. Remarks of Robert M. McLane of Maryland, Congressional Globe, 30th Congress, 1st Session, 202 (19 Jan. 1848).
197. Horace Greeley, “Greeley’s Estimate of Lincoln,” The Century Magazine, July 1891, 374; George W. Julian, The Life of Joshua R. Giddings (Chicago: McClurg, 1892), 261.
198. The Liberator (Boston), 9 Feb. 1849.
199. CWL, 2:20–22.
200. James Quay Howard’s notes of an interview with Lincoln, [May 1860], AL MSS DLC.
201. Washington correspondence, 2 Feb., New York Herald, 6 Feb. 1849.
202. The Liberator (Boston), 13 July 1860.
203. Giddings diary, 8 and 11 Jan. 1849, Oh
io Historical Society, Columbus.
204. National Era (Washington), 28 Dec. 1848.
205. Albany Patriot, 22 Mar. and 24 May 1848, and Anti-Slavery Reporter, 1 May 1853, quoted in Stanley Harrold, Subversives: Antislavery Community in Washington, D.C., 1828–1865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003), 102—103.
206. “Greeley’s Estimate of Lincoln,” 374.
207. Baltimore Sun, n.d., copied in The National Era (Washington), 4 Jan. 1849.
208. [John Wentworth], Washington correspondence, 22 Dec. 1847, Chicago Daily Democrat, 4 Jan. 1848.
209. Speech at Peoria, 16 Oct. 1854, CWL, 2:260.
210. William Bissell to Joseph Gillespie, Washington, 19 Apr. 1850, Joseph Gillespie Papers, IHi.
211. Washington correspondence by “Athenian,” 10 Jan., Boston Atlas, 15 Jan. 1849.
212. Washington correspondence, 2 Feb., New York Herald, 6 Feb. 1849.
213. Winthrop to John H. Clifford, Washington, 20 Jan. 1849, and to his son Robert, Washington, 18 Feb. 1849, Winthrop Papers, MHi.
214. The Liberator (Boston), 30 June 1860.
215. Giddings to Phillips, Jefferson, Ohio, 30 July 1860, Ashtabula, Ohio, Sentinel, n.d., copied in The Liberator (Boston), 24 Aug. 1860.
216. Herndon to Sydney Howard Gay, Springfield, 10 Aug. 1860, Gay Papers, Columbia University.
217. Washington correspondence by C. B. A., 20 Sept. 1849, New York Tribune, 22 Sept. 1849.
218. Speech of 22 May 1860 at Oberlin, Ohio, Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 28 May 1860.
219. Horace Mann to Charles Sumner, Washington, 27 Feb. 1849, Horace Mann Papers, MHi.
220. Horace Mann to his wife, Washington, 4 Mar. 1849, Horace Mann Papers, MHi.
221. Washington correspondence, n.d., Maysville, Kentucky, Eagle, n.d., copied in the Indiana State Journal (Indianapolis), weekly ed., 30 Apr. 1849.
222. Robert T. Scott to Reuben Chapman, 5 Mar. 1849, quoted in Holt, Rise and Fall of the Whig Party, 390.
223. Giddings to Charles Sumner, Jefferson, Ohio, 30 Mar. 1849, Sumner Papers, Harvard University.
224. Horace Mann to his wife, Washington, 17 Feb. 1849, Horace Mann Papers, MHi.
225. Giddings, A History of the Rebellion: Its Authors and Causes (Cleveland: Follet, Foster, 1864), 299.
226. Peter Menard to Lincoln, Tremont, 4 Apr. 1849, AL MSS DLC.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 1 Page 149
