224. Lincoln to Levi Davis, Springfield, 15 Mar. 1838, CWL, 1:116.
225. Schuyler Colfax in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 333–334.
226. Weldon, “Reminiscences of Lincoln as a Lawyer,” 241–242.
227. Letter by Charles Monroe Chase, Chicago, 6 June 1859, in the DeKalb County Sentinel, n.d., typed copy, J. G. Randall Papers, DLC.
228. Whitney, Life on the Circuit, ed. Angle, 235.
229. “Personal Reminiscences of the Late Abraham Lincoln by a Contributor to the ‘Bulletin,’ ” San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, 22 Apr. 1865
230. Ann M. Scanlon, “Dun & Bradstreet’s Credit Rating of Abraham Lincoln,” Lincoln Herald 77 (1975):124.
231. Thurlow Weed Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed Including His Autobiography and a Memoir (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1884), 1:610–611.
232. Titian J. Coffey in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 240.
233. “Personal Reminiscences of the Late Abraham Lincoln by a Contributor to the ‘Bulletin,’ ” San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, 22 Apr. 1865.
234. CWL, 2:132.
235. Ibid., 4:67.
236. Speech of 14 and 26 Aug. 1852, CWL, 2:135–157.
237. Our Constitution (Urbana), 4 July 1857.
238. John G. Nicolay, “Abraham Lincoln,” speech of 14 Apr. 1894, Nicolay Papers, DLC.
239. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, Springfield, 7, 10 Jan. 1886, H-W MSS DLC.
240. Fragment on Douglas, [Dec. 1856?], CWL, 2:382–383.
241. Notes for a law lecture, Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, First Supplement, 18.
242. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, [Springfield], 15 Dec. 1886, in Hertz, ed., Hidden Lincoln, 113.
243. Herndon, “Facts Illustrative of Mr. Lincoln’s Patriotism and Statesmanship,” lecture given in Springfield, 24 Jan. 1866, Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 3 (1944–1945): 188–189.
244. Speed to Herndon, Louisville, 7 Feb. 1866, HI, 197.
245. Lucy Harmon McPherson, Life and Letters of Oscar Fitzalan Harmon (Trenton, NJ: MacCrellish & Quigley, 1914), 11.
246. Ibid.
247. Mary Todd Lincoln to James Smith, Marienbad, 8 June 1870, Justin G. Turner and Linda Levitt Turner, eds., Mary Todd Lincoln: Her Life and Letters (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972), 567–568.
248. Lincoln to John D. Johnston, Springfield, 12 Jan. 1851, CWL, 2:97.
249. Emerson’s journal, entry for 31 Jan. 1862, in Louis P. Masur, ed., The Real War Will Never Get in the Books: Selections from Writers during the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 127.
250. Herndon, “Lincoln Individually,” H-W MSS DLC.
251. Joshua Speed, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln and Notes of a Visit to California: Two Lectures (Louisville, KY: John P. Morton, 1884), 34.
252. Speed to Herndon, Louisville, 6 Dec. 1866, HI, 499.
253. Nathan M. Knapp to O. M. Hatch, Winchester, Illinois, 12 May 1859, Hatch Papers, IHi.
254. Forney interviewed in the Washington Evening Star, 27 June 1891.
255. David Dixon Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (New York: Appleton, 1885), 283.
256. John H. Littlefield, “Recollections of One Who Studied Law with Lincoln,” in Ward, ed., Abraham Lincoln, Tributes from His Associates, 204–205.
257. A document in Gillespie’s papers, quoted in Josephine G. Pricket, “Joseph Gillespie,” Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1912 (publication no. 17 of the Illinois State Historical Library), 108.
258. Henry C. Whitney, “Abraham Lincoln: A Study from Life,” Arena 19 (1898):466.
259. Reminiscences of James A. Connolly, Peoria, Illinois, Journal, 11 Feb. 1910.
260. Reminiscences of Peter van Duchene, Milwaukee Free Press, 3 Feb. 1909.
261. Swisshelm in Oldroyd, ed., Lincoln Memorial, 413.
262. E. J. Edwards, quoting the conductor, Gilbert Finch, then retired and residing in Connecticut, New York Times, 24 Jan. 1909.
263. Noah Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, July 1865, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 211.
264. Undated statement by a Dr. Parker, in John G. Nicolay’s hand, Nicolay-Hay Papers, IHi.
Chapter 10. “Aroused as He Had Never Been Before”
1. Autobiography written for John Locke Scripps [ca. June 1860], Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 4:67.
2. Mrs. Archibald Dixon, History of Missouri Compromise and Slavery in American Politics: A True History of the Missouri Compromise and Its Repeal, and of African Slavery as a Factor in American Politics [hereafter True History](2nd ed.; Cincinnati: Clarke, 1903), 445.
3. George G. Fogg to Elihu B. Washburne, Exeter, New Hampshire, 18 Mar. 1854, Israel Washburn Papers, DLC.
4. David M. Potter, The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861, ed. Don E. Fehrenbacher (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), 163.
5. New York Tribune, 10 May 1854.
6. William Henry Seward to Frances A. Seward, 19 Feb. 1854, in Frederic W. Seward, William H. Seward; An Autobiography from 1801 to 1834, with a Memoir of His Life, and Selections from His Letters (3 vols.; New York: Derby and Miller, 1891), 2:222.
7. Charles Henry Ray to Elihu B. Washburne, Galena, 14 Feb. 1854, Washburne Papers, DLC.
8. Douglas, speech at Pontiac, Illinois, 2 Sept. 1858, in Paul M. Angle, ed., Created Equal? The Complete Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 180.
9. Speech at Peoria, 16 Oct. 1854, CWL, 2:282.
10. Undated reminiscences of A. W. French, Ida M. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.
11. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 27 July 1854.
12. David Davis to Julius Rockwell, Bloomington, Illinois, 15 July 1854, Davis Papers, IHi.
13. New York Tribune, 10 May 1854.
14. Stephen L. Hansen, The Making of the Third Party System: Voters and Parties in Illinois, 1850–1876 (Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1980), 50.
15. Quincy Herald, 12 Sept. 1854.
16. Ibid., 16 Sept. 1854.
17. Chicago Times, n.d., copied in the Joliet Signal, 17 Oct. 1854.
18. Pittsfield Union, ca. 27 Sept. 1854, quoted in The Free Press (Pittsfield, IL), 28 Sept. 1854.
19. Arthur C. Cole, ed., The Constitutional Debates of 1847 (vol. 14, Illinois Historical Collections; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1919), 216–217.
20. Chicago Times, 2 Aug. 1861, 2 Oct. 1858.
21. Springfield correspondence, 4 Jan., New York Tribune, 13 Jan. 1855.
22. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 22 Mar. 1862.
23. Chicago Tribune, 12 Aug. 1861.
24. Chicago Herald, 18 Apr., 31 May, 7 June 1860.
25. Lincoln, Illinois, correspondence, 16 Aug., Illinois State Register (Springfield), 17 Aug. 1860; Dayton, Ohio, newspapers, mid-Sept. 1863, quoted in Frank L. Klement, The Limits of Dissent: Clement L. Vallandigham and the Civil War (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1970), 247.
26. George W. Julian, Political Recollections, 1840 to 1872 (Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, 1884), 115; G. W. Julian, Speeches on Political Questions (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1872), 127.
27. William Wick, Congressional Globe, 29th Congress, 2nd Session, appendix, 159 (2 Feb. 1847).
28. Howe to William P. Fessenden, 28 Aug. 1864, Howe Papers, Historical Society of Wisconsin, quoted in Hans L. Trefousse, The Radical Republicans: Lincoln’s Vanguard for Racial Justice (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969), 31; Kenneth M. Stampp, America in 1857; A Nation on the Brink (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990) 133.
29. Ohio Patriot, n.d., quoted in the Athens Messenger, 26 June 1857, in Richard H. Sewell, Ballots for Freedom: Antislavery Politics in the United States, 1837–1860 (New York: Ox
ford University Press, 1976), 322.
30. Cincinnati Commercial, 3 Sept. 1858.
31. Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 1st Session, appendix, 155 (7 Mar. 1860), in Trefousse, Radical Republicans, 30.
32. Missouri Democrat, 4 Apr. 1857, copied in the New York Tribune, 10 Apr. 1857.
33. New York Tribune, 29 Feb. 1860.
34. Greeley, “Christianity and Color,” The Independent (New York), 20 Sept. 1860.
35. New York Tribune, 22 Sept. 1855.
36. Ibid., 3 Aug. 1857.
37. Theodore Parker to a Miss Hunt, 16 Nov. 1857, Octavius Brooks Frothingham, Theodore Parker: A Biography (Boston: Osgood, 1874), 467.
38. Theodore Parker, The Present Aspect of Slavery in America and the Immediate Duty of the North (Boston: Bela Marsh, 1858), 5.
39. Theodore Parker, John Brown’s Expedition in a Letter from Theodore Parker, at Rome, to Francis Jackson, Boston, in Frances Power Cobbe, ed., The Collected Works of Theodore Parker: Containing His Theological, Polemical, and Critical Writings, Sermons, Speeches, and Addresses, and Literary Miscellanies (12 vols.; London: Trubner, 1863–1865), 12:173.
40. Channing paraphrased in William Lloyd Garrison to Lewis Tappan, Brooklyn, Connecticut, 17 Dec. 1835, in Walter M. Merrill, ed., The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison (6 vols.; Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971–1981), 1:581.
41. Nathaniel Paul, speech to the Albany Anti-Slavery Convention, 1 Mar. 1838, Friend of Man, 14 Mar. 1838, quoted in Jane H. Pease and William H. Pease, They Who Would Be Free: Blacks’ Search for Freedom, 1830–1861 (New York: Atheneum, 1974), 84.
42. William H. Herndon to John A. McClernand, Springfield, 8 Dec. 1859, McClernand Papers, IHi.
43. The National Era (Washington), 2 June 1853.
44. New York Journal of Commerce, 26 Oct. 1860.
45. Louis Agassiz to Samuel G. Howe, [Nahant], 10 Aug. 1863, in Elizabeth Cary Agassiz, ed., Louis Agassiz: His Life and Correspondence (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1893), 2:605–607.
46. Turner, The Three Great Races of Men: Their Origin, Character and Destiny with Special Regard to the Present Conditions and Future Destiny of the Black Race in the United States (Springfield, IL: Bailhache & Baker, 1861), 38, 47.
47. Bayard Taylor, lecture on “Man and Climate,” quoted in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, 12 Jan. 1861, in Howard Cecil Perkins, ed., Northern Editorials on Secession (2 vols.; New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1942), 1:489.
48. “Speech of Gov. Chase at Sandusky, Ohio, August 25, 1859,” clipping, box 17, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, in Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 264.
49. Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 6 Oct. 1858.
50. Editorials quoted in Kenneth M. Stampp, “Race, Slavery, and the Republican Party of the 1850s,” in Stampp, The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 109.
51. New York Tribune, 6 Mar. 1860.
52. Greeley quoted in The Liberator (Boston), 5 Oct. 1860.
53. “Shall the Territories be Africanized,” speech of James Harlan, 4 Jan. 1860, quoted in William L. Barney, The Road to Secession: A New Perspective on the Old South (New York: Praeger, 1972), 124–125.
54. Alfred Caldwell, speech in Richmond to a convention of Whigs and others opposed to the Democrats, Wheeling, Virginia, Intelligencer, 7 Feb. 1859, quoted in Patricia P. Hicken, “Antislavery in Virginia, 1831–1861” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 1968), 723.
55. Illinois State Chronicle (Decatur), 17 June 1858.
56. William Cary to Elihu B. Washburne, Galena, 16 May 1858, Washburne Papers, DLC.
57. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 15 July 1857.
58. Quoted in Stampp, “Race, Slavery, and the Republican Party,” 109–110.
59. Chicago Tribune, 14 Mar. 1863.
60. The Free Press (Pittsfield, IL), 31 July 1856.
61. Illinois Journal (Springfield), 24 Mar. 1854.
62. Ibid., 11 Sept. 1854, CWL, 2:229–230.
63. Henry W. Hilliard, Politics and Pen Pictures at Home and Abroad (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1892), 129.
64. A Massachusetts editor quoted in Gerald M. Capers, Stephen A. Douglas: Defender of the Union (Boston: Little, Brown, 1959), 13–14.
65. James L. Huston, Stephen A. Douglas and the Dilemmas of Democratic Equality (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006), 8.
66. John W. Forney, Anecdotes of Public Men (2 vols.; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1873–1881), 1:146–147.
67. John Russell Young’s autobiography, manuscript, Young Papers, DLC.
68. The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz (3 vols.; New York: McClure, 1907–1908), 2:30–31.
69. John Russell Young’s autobiography, manuscript, Young Papers, DLC; New York Tribune, 6 Sept. 1866.
70. Horace White, “The Lincoln and Douglas Debates: An Address before the Chicago Historical Society, February 17, 1914” (pamphlet; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1914), 8.
71. Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 30 June 1860.
72. Schurz, Reminiscences, 2:30–32.
73. Washington correspondence by James Shepherd Pike, 4 Mar., New York Tribune, 7 Mar. 1854.
74. Robert W. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 503.
75. Chicago correspondence, 1 Sept., New York Tribune, 9 Sept. 1860.
76. Washington correspondence, 4 Mar., New York Tribune, 7 Mar. 1854; Glyndon G. Van Deusen, William Henry Seward (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967), 153.
77. Godkin, dispatch of 13 July 1858, Rollo Ogden, ed., Life and Letters of Edwin Lawrence Godkin (2 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1907), 1:178.
78. Speech at Richmond, Virginia, 9 July 1852, copy, George Fort Milton Papers, DLC.
79. Charles Francis Adams, ed., Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848 (12 vols.; Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1874–1877), 11:510–511 (diary entry for 14 Feb. 1844).
80. Boston correspondence by “Warrington” [William Stevens Robinson], 19 July, Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 20 July 1860.
81. Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 30 June 1860.
82. Isaac N. Arnold, remarks in the House of Representatives, Washington Chronicle, 21 Mar. 1864.
83. Isaac N. Arnold, “Reminiscences of the Illinois Bar Forty Years Ago: Lincoln and Douglas as Orators and Lawyers” (pamphlet; Chicago: Fergus, 1881), 20, in John M. Palmer, The Bench and Bar of Illinois: Historical and Reminiscent (2 vols: Chicago: Lewis, 1899), 1:177.
84. Horace White, “Abraham Lincoln’s Rise to Greatness,” New York Evening Post, 13 Feb. 1909.
85. William M. Dickson, “Abraham Lincoln at Cincinnati,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 69 (June 1884):64.
86. Speech at Chicago, 27 Oct. 1854, CWL, 2:283.
87. Washington correspondence by Harriet Beecher Stowe, n.d., New York Independent, 1 May 1856.
88. Archibald Dixon to Henry S. Foote, 1 Oct. 1858, in Mrs. Archibald Dixon, True History, 445.
89. Yates’s speech in Springfield, 20 Nov. 1860, Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 22 Nov. 1860.
90. Recollections of Paul Selby, in Francis Fisher Browne, The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln (2nd ed.; New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1913), 160.
91. Robert L. Wilson to Elihu B. Washburne, Chicago, 19 Sept. 1854, Washburne Papers, DLC.
92. Lincoln to John M. Palmer, Springfield, 7 Sept. 1854, CWL, 2:228.
93. R. H. Ballinger’s reminiscences, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, n.d., copied in the Los Angeles Times, 20 June 1894.
94. Speech at Springfield 9 Sept. 1854, CWL, 2:229.
95. Lincoln to Speed, Springfield, 24 Aug. 1855, CWL, 2:323.
96. David Davis to Julius Rockwell, Bloomington, Illinois, 27 Dec. 1855, Davis Papers, DLC.
97. Statement by Jayne, 15 Aug. 1866, Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln [hereafter HI] (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 266.
98. Henry C. Whitney, Lincoln the Citizen, vol. 1 of A Life of Lincoln, ed. Marion Mills Miller (2 vols. New York: Baker and Taylor, 1908), 150.
99. Lincoln to Elihu N. Powell, Springfield, 27 Nov. 1854, CWL, 2:289.
100. James S. Ewing, speech at the banquet of the Illinois Schoolmasters’ Club, Bloomington, Illinois, 12 Feb. 1909, in Isaac N. Phillips, Abraham Lincoln, by Some Men Who Knew Him, ed. Paul M. Angle (1910; Chicago: Americana House, 1950), 44.
101. Francis Lynde Stetson to Horace White, New York, 7 Dec. 1908, in Horace White, The Life of Lyman Trumbull (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913), 40n.
102. James S. Ewing, in Walter B. Stevens, A Reporter’s Lincoln, ed. Michael Burlingame (1916; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 60.
103. Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years (2 vols.; New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1926), 2:11.
104. Jacob Thompson to Albert J. Beveridge, Springfield, 15 Feb. 1927, Beveridge Papers, DLC.
105. Leonard Bacon, Slavery Discussed in Occasional Essays, from 1833 to 1846 (New York: Baker and Scribner, 1846), x.
106. Lincoln to Albert G. Hodges, Washington, 4 April 1864, CWL, 7:281.
107. Dr. James Miner, “Abraham Lincoln: Personal Reminiscences of the Martyr-Emancipator as He Appeared in the Memorable Campaign of 1854 and in His Subsequent Career,” undated typescript, reference files of the Abraham Lincoln Association, IHi.
108. Springfield correspondence by W., 4 Oct., Chicago Democrat, 9 Oct. 1854.
109. Collinsville, Illinois, correspondence by W., 15 June, New York Tribune, 26 June 1858; Springfield correspondence by W., 4 Oct., Chicago Journal, 9 Oct. 1854.
110. Springfield correspondence by W., 4 Oct., Chicago Journal, 9 Oct. 1854.
111. Douglas, senate speech of 9 Dec. 1857, Robert W. Johannsen, ed., The Letters of Stephen A. Douglas (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961), xxvi.
112. Johannsen, Douglas, 446.
113. Cassius M. Clay in Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American Review, 1886), 297.
Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 1 Page 152
