No, Wait, That Didn’t Happen
Within two years of winning the fair, the Soviet Union gave it back. The reason? The costs would be too high, the government said. But there was speculation that the real reason was that the authoritarian and secretive Soviet government didn’t want its people exposed to the affluence and outside influence that a world’s fair would bring. Furthermore, the government didn’t want to have to deal with opening the country’s mostly closed borders to millions of international tourists. Hearing of the Soviets’ turnabout, Canada reapplied and, in November 1962, was awarded the event. But could the country make it happen on such short notice?
Computer Says “Non”
Canada had first offered the honor of hosting the fair to Toronto, but its mayor said, “Thanks, but no thanks.” He didn’t want to set his city up for failure. Montreal had no such qualms and snapped it up. However, almost immediately, problems arose. To begin with, people on the organizing committee started resigning. They had input the steps needed to open the fair into a computerized scheduling program, and the computer returned the verdict: there’s not nearly enough time. As a result, many of the committee members quit out of fear.
Fortunately, there were others willing to take their places, and the newly appointed replacements were determined to make it work. They created a core group that called itself Les Durs—the Tough Guys. Their mission, should they choose to accept it, was to ram the project through whatever barriers appeared, whatever it took.
A Tough Job for a Tough Guy
One of the Tough Guys, Colonel Edward Churchill, was made director of installations. Churchill was determined to prove the computer wrong. So as not to waste any of the precious preparation time he had, Churchill relied on a new project management tool called the critical path method (CPM). Nowadays, CPM or other programs like it are used in nearly every project large or small, but back then, CPM was something new and only nominally tested. CPM identifies the steps that need to be done first, and schedules them in tight succession. Then you do multiple things at once, while keeping an eye on the “critical path” (i.e., the big picture) that everything else depends on.
While the Tough Guys worked on the logistics, a group of prominent Canadian thinkers met to come up with a theme. They decided on one based on a children’s book, Terre des Hommes (or, Land of Men) by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. It was all about “dreams and hopes for the future,” exactly the idea the planning committee wanted.
The Little Expo that Could
After that intellectual heavy lifting was finished, it was time for man and his machines to move earth. The plans called for expanding a small island in the Saint Lawrence River to a much larger size for the fairground, a process that would require about 25 million tons of dirt. That quantity would normally take lots of time, money, and headaches, except for a lucky coincidence: Montreal happened to be digging a subway at that same time and needed a place to put the leftover dirt. One problem solved…8,432 to go.
Besides the island fairground, builders created a boat pier, a railway to bring in visitors from outlying areas, exhibit halls, and Habitat 67, an entire housing complex. With the exception of Habitat 67—which was billed as a work in progress—all of Expo 67 opened on time in April 1967. Take that, computer!
Miniskirts and Movies
According to the fair’s guidebook, the event’s intention was this:
It will tell the story of man’s exploration of the physical world, his drive to discover, understand and produce; of how he assimilates, organizes and uses his knowledge to improve his lot and how, as a social being, he has sought and still seeks to live in peace and harmony with his fellow man.
Expo 67 accomplished these lofty goals by displaying hundreds of exhibits and innovations from countries around the world. Here are some of the most popular:
A British postage stamp features designer Mary Quant’s miniskirt.
•The miniskirt. This daring style had been introduced in England about a year earlier by fashion designer Mary Quant, and the hostesses at the UK pavilion wore uniforms with their scandalously short skirts. The attention they got spurred a legs race, with hostesses at nearly every other pavilion suddenly appearing in short uniforms, spreading the style to expo visitors and across the world.
Man, a sculpture by Alexander Calder for Expo 67.
•Art. The rules for a world’s fair require that all the participating countries send artists and performing artists to the exhibition. Expo 67 included acts from Italy’s La Scala Opera, the New York Philharmonic, and England’s National Theatre.
•Pavilions. All the participating countries (more than 50 of them) built pavilions to show off their people, industries, and culture. The most popular was the Soviet pavilion, which featured a 25-meter (82-foot) statue of a man and a woman holding a hammer and sickle, an emblem that represented workers and peasants and has become synonymous with communism.
Record Breakers
During the fair’s six-month run from April to October 1967, 50.3 million people attended. Held by a country with only 20 million residents at the time, Expo 67 set a per-capita attendance record that’s never been beaten. It also holds the single-day record of 569,500 visitors on its third day. And Habitat 67, that futuristic housing complex with gardens attached to every unit, is still standing and is now owned by its tenants. The site of the expo is now a city park.
Weird News
•Moira Williams, 67, of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, was arrested in March 2010 after she repeatedly called the 911 emergency line in the middle of the night…and demanded that police officers pick her up some cigarettes. She was drunk and was charged with mischief.
•Every year since 1996, Wreck Beach in Vancouver has hosted a run for those Canadians who enjoy sea breezes, sand between their toes…and being naked. The Bare Buns Run takes place every August, and, not surprisingly, most of the participants are men. Said one runner, “I would have some difficulty in convincing my female friends.”
Weird Canadian Restaurants
•The Spirite Lounge, a vegetarian hotspot in Montreal, closed in 2011 but it was a local favorite. The decor may have looked avant-garde—tinsel streamers hung in the doorways, walls were painted gold, the chairs were a blue leopard print, and the wine list was written with a glitter pen—but it had some old-fashioned rules. Food was not to be wasted, and if you didn’t finish your dinner, you were required to donate $2 to charity and you didn’t get to order dessert. If you didn’t finish your dessert, you were banned from returning…ever. Hmmm…maybe that’s why the place eventually shut down.
•Do you like garlic? You’d better if you want to dine at Garlic’s in London, Ontario. They’ve got garlic ice cream, garlic martinis, a garlic and onion soup, and chocolate-dipped garlic bulbs, among other things.
•The food at the Cave restaurant in Saskatoon isn’t much to write home about: sandwiches, ribs, pasta, the usual. What sets the place apart is that it’s designed to look and feel like you’re inside an actual cavern.
•And then there’s Brother’s in Vancouver…where all the waiters dress like monks.
The expo showcased Habitat 67, a futuristic housing complex in Montreal.
A Trip to the Islands
Ever feel like chucking it all and escaping to a remote exotic island, but don’t want to lose the benefits of living in Canada? Well, consider one of these.
Rattlesnake Island, BC
Why it’s called that: There are lots of rattlesnakes. The tall grass that covers the island is perfect for them to hide and hunt.
Getting there: Rattlesnake Island is part of the Okanagan Mountain Provincial Park off of Highway 97 in southern British Columbia. But get ready for some bumpy travel through the park; most roads are gravel. And then you’ll have to kayak out to the island.
Population: No people live there, but legend claims the island and the lake it’s in (Lake Okanagan) are home to Ogopogo, a mythical lake monster. For centuries, the Okanagan nativ
es told stories of a beast they called N’ha-a-itk, or “snake of the water.” And then around 1890, a seaman named Thomas Shorts claimed to have seen a five-meter (16-foot) finned serpent in the water. Sightings have continued, but no one has officially confirmed Ogopogo’s existence (he did appear on a postage stamp in 1990, though).
Entry Island (îIe d’Entrée) Quebec
Why it’s called that: Because it’s the first island visible when traveling from the south to the Magdalen archipelago, off the coast of Quebec and Prince Edward Island.
Getting there: The only island in the archipelago without road access, Entry is accessible by sea or air. From May to December, a ferry service offers one-hour trips twice daily to and from the Magdalen main port, Cap-aux-Meules. During the winter, transit is by small plane.
Population: About 150, and even though the islands are part of Quebec, their residents are English speakers; their ancestors were English and Scottish immigrants. Some of them, like many of the people in the Magdalen archipelago, are the descendants of people shipwrecked on the island between the 17th and 19th centuries.
Musk ox take in the view from Devon Island, in Nunavut, Canada.
Devon Island, Nunavut
Why it’s called that: In the early 19th century, Arctic explorer William Edward Parry named the island after Devon, England.
Getting there: Devon Island is located in Baffin Bay, and you’ll need a boat to access it. But beware: icebergs make the bay unnavigable for several months out of the year.
Population: Zero. At 55,247 square kilometers (21,331 square miles), Devon is the world’s largest uninhabited island. It’s not for lack of trying, though. In the early 1900s, some trappers from the Hudson’s Bay Company tried to set up a settlement there, and then in 1934, the government relocated about 53 Inuit from Baffin Island to Devon. But the soil was poor and the weather too cold for anyone to live there for long. By 1936 all the residents had moved away. Devon Island does sometimes get human visitors, however. The nonprofit Mars Society has used it to research what life might be like for humans on Mars. In 2000 the society established the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station on Devon, and since then, several crews of scientists and journalists have visited in order to gain insight into what life on Mars would be like. As part of the simulation, they wear spacesuits when they venture outside and communicate by radio.
A tall ship sails past Georges Island National Historic Site.
Georges Island, Nova Scotia
Why it’s called that: The island was named for Britain’s King George II. For more than two centuries, Georges Island was Halifax Harbour’s best defense against French invasions of Nova Scotia thanks to Fort Charlotte, which was built by Prince Edward (1767–1820) and named after his mother, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the queen consort of King George II. Dungeons, hidden tunnels, and mysterious military goings-on are part of the island’s mystique.
Getting there: Technically, you could probably swim over from Halifax, but you’re not really supposed to visit at all. Georges Island has been declared a National Historic Site, and Canada is working on getting it ready for tourists. In 2009 Parks Canada designated money for a water line from the mainland, a sewage system, dock, and visitor facilities, with plans to open the park by 2014. But right now, according to Parks Canada, it’s on hiatus “due to the fragile condition of resources.”
Population: Historically, most visitors haven’t been tourists but unlucky souls held against their will: prisoners, pirates headed for the island’s waiting gallows, and sick people under quarantine. Georges Island is also home to an abundance of blueberries and black garter snakes—it has the highest density of snakes in Nova Scotia.
Picture Credits
Front cover: CN Tower:Shutterstock/raphme • Northern Lights: Shutterstock/SurangaSL • Niagara Falls: Public domain • Moose: Shutterstock/Tom Reichner • Ski jump: Shutterstock/oksana.perkins • Yeti: Shutterstock/meunierd • Beer glass: Shutterstock/oleandra • Rodeo: Shutterstock/steve estvanik • Mountie: Shutterstock/Chris Harvey • No Skinny Dipping: Shutterstock/Brian Lasenby
Back cover: Pamela Anderson: Shutterstock/Everett Collection • Snow Fishing: Shutterstock/Denis Pepin • Macleans Ad: Maclean’s ; PD | Library and Archives of Canada • Moose: Shutterstock/Mighty Sequoia Studio • Johnny Canuck: tytempletonart.wordpress.com/; Comely Comix; 3.bp.blogspot.com; PD • Beaver: Shutterstock/Sergii Votit • Canoes: Shutterstock/Niv Koren • Niagara Falls: Shutterstock/Qing Ding • Dralion: Cirque du Soleil
Snow Mobile: Shutterstock/dotshock • Beluga Whale: Serena Livingston/Dreamstime • Goose: Shutterstock/greg williams • Parliament: Shutterstock/Aqnus Febriyant
Interior: Multiple credits per page are listed in a clockwise sequence.
• 2 Justek 16 | Dreamstime; • 6 Fallsview | Dreamstime; • 8 Crystal Garner | Dreamstime; s_bukley | Shutterstock; • 9 Justin Hoch | www.flickr.com/photos/justinhoch/5452088501 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SamanthaBeeFeb2011.jpg); Travis Manley | Dreamstime; Sergev Uryadnikov | Dreamstime; Jessie Grant | Getty Image | Wire Image; • 10 Rgbe | Dreamstime; Rinus Baak | Dreamstime; Michelle White | Dreamstime • 11 Franco Ricci | Dreamstime; Barbara Reddoch | Dreamstime • 12 cs.calgarystampede.com/fun-food/parade-of-posters; Sergie Bachlakov | Dreamstime; Sergie Bachlakov | Dreamstime • 13 Jeff White | Dreamstime • 14 PD |unknown; Peter Van Der Heyden | Dreamstime • 15 Steve Estvanik | Dreamstime • 16 Thomas Anderson | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Kay.JPG; Kris Krug | www.flickr.com/photos/kk (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sloan_two_by_kk.jpg); PD |Lionel Records ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Good-byes_and_Butterflies.jpeg ); • 17 Jim Summaria | en. wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roger_Fisher_-_Heart_-_1978.jpg); Kevin Winter | Getty Images • 18 Paul Mckinnon | Dreamstime; • 19 Erica Goldring | Getty Images; Tim Jackson | Getty Images | Wire Image; • 20 Gucio55 | Dreamstime; Michel Loiselle | Dreamstime; Drobm | Dreamstime • 21 PD | Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library (library.utoronto.ca/fisher); PD | moosehead.ca/wp-content/uploads/founding_father.jpg; PD | Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library (library.utoronto.ca/fisher); PD | Library and Archives Canada • 22 Mirage3 | Dreamstime; PD | Edward Topsel; • 23 nezezon | Stockfresh; PD | CBS Television (en. wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Don_Adams_1969.JPG); Scott Prokop | Dreamstime; Irina | Dreamstime; • 24 Paul T | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Synaptomys_cooperi.jpg; Michael Ledrav | Dreamstime; Jakobradlgruber | Dreamstime • 25 James Steidl | Dreamstime; Denis Makarenko | Dreamstime • 26 Debra Brash | Times Colonial; Tomislav Forgo | Dreamstime; George Kroll | Dreamstime; • 27 Jack Binder | Fawcett comics (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Front_cover,_%22Wow_Comics%22_no._38_ (art_by_Jack_Binder).jpg; PD | www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/stopwatch-gang-leader-paddy-mitchell-dies-1.677817 • 28 ujiansma.com/pengertian-stopwatch; Wendi Evans | Dreamstime • 29 Action Comic | www.dcentertainment; Tomislav Forgo | Dreamstime; Tomislav Forgo | Dreamstime • 30 Natalia Bratslavsky | Dreamstime • 31 PD | unknown; PD | Canada Pacific Railway; Modfos | Dreamstime • 32 Gary Blakely | Dreamstime • 33 Library and Archives Canada (PA-210520) • 34 Thorny Vines Vineyard | www.thornyvines.ca • 35 Dominic Rivard | www.flickr.com/photos/64714602@N00/75770482/ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ice_wine_grapes.jpg); winesofcanada | www.winesofcanada.com • 36 PD | unknown; PD | Joe Weider; PD | www.joeweider.com; PD | www.joeweider. • 37 Tblinn | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ File:BenWeiderPortrait.jpg; Nicku | Dreamstime • 38 Carrienelson 1 | Dreamstime; Pamela Anderson | Simon & Schuster; Gage Skidmore | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_Cera_as_Captain_America_by_Gage_
Skidmore.jpg; Sergie Bachlakov | Dreamstime • 39 Alan Light | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_J._Fox_with_ Rick_Best.jpg; Semisatch | Dreamstime • 40 Dgareri | Dreamstime; Roger Currie | www.communitynewscommons.org/author/rogercurrie/ • 41 Christian Heldt | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trivialpursuit_Token.jpg; Sergey Uryadnikov | Dreamstime • 42 AFP | Getty Images • 43 Jason Persse | www.flickr.com/photos/49502990569@N01/6968361356 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Feist_Coachella_2012_2.jpg); Mircea Costina | Dreamstime; Mulde
r | AFP | Getty Images • 44 Resolute http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1988_Olympic_Winter_Games_medals.JPG; Georges Gobet | AFP | Getty Images • 45 Teodora Popa | Dreamstime • 46 PD | Cunard Line; PD | www.yorku.ca/yfile/archive/index.asp?Article=11062; PD | unknown; www.elizabetharden.com; • 47 PD | T. Eaton Co. Limited; PD | heckyeahlucilleballilovelucy.tumblr.com/ • 48 Michael Gray | Dreamstime; PD | Mead Johnson & Company • 49 abdallahh | www.flickr.com/photos/husseinabdallah/2082709783 (commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_édifice_fédéral_canada.jpg) • 50 unknown | Harold Begbie | London Grant Richards (www. gutenberg.org/files/17300/17300-h/17300-h.htm); PD | unknown • 51 Verena Matthew | Dreamstime • 52 Yuritz | Dreamstime • 53 Padriac Ryan | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gibraltar_Point_Lighthouse.JPG; Brendan Riley | commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St._Francis_Xavier_University.jpg • 54 Cirque du Soleil; Martine Oger | Dreamstime • 55 Cirque du Soleil | Cirque du Soleil • 56 PD | Tom Thomson • 57 PD | J. W. Benough; Ferdinando Scianna | Snapper Media | Magnum Photos • 58 PD | unknown; PD | A.Y. Jackson; PD | Frederick Varley • 59 Les_Automatistes • 60 PD | unknown; Moores Clothing for Men • 61 Tim Horton’s; PD | Le Page’s • 62 PD | Perry Davis’ Painkiller; PD | Perry Davis’ Painkiller; JoyR | www.flickr.com/photos/94864127@N00/1715648013 • 63 PD | unknown; Diageo Inc: Denis Sarrazin | www. madzu.com/ellesmere/ward_hunt.html; Stephan Pietzko | Dreamstime • 64 PD | unknown; Annie Edison Taylor PD • 65 Lorraine Swanson | Dreamstime.com • 66 PD | J. S. Pughe (Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division) • 67 PD | unknown; Tom Eigelsbach | plus.google.com/+TomEigelsbach/posts/BTchqKJjHje • 68 PD | Alanson Fisher; Farragutful | commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riley-Bolten_House_02.JPG • 69 A.S. Seer’s | Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division; A.S. Seer’s | Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division • 70 PD | Howard Pyle; PD | Howard Pyle • 71 PD | Howard Pyle; Fred.leviez | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fou.varie1.jpg; PD | unknown; Harfang | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Le_pélican.jpg • 72 PD | unknown; PD | unknown; Kenneth D Durden | Dreamstime • 73 PD | Howard Pyle • 74 Rob Dabal | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Della_Falls_3.jpg; Valentyn75 | Dreamstime • 75 Karkemish | commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albertosaurus_sarcophagus_copia.jpg; Ed Nessen | AP Photo/Ed Nessen; Aleksangel| Dreamstime • 76 PD | unknown; May West pastries • 77 PD | unknown; PD | unknown; PD | Edison Studios • 78 PD | rockcreeklake.com; SeattleRay | www.flickr.com/photos/38180270@N07/3950681647 | • 79 PD | unknown; PD | unknown • 80 PD | unknown; PD | unknown • 81 PD Fawcett5 | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World%27s_Tallest_Totem_Pole,_Victoria,_British_Columbia.JPG; Qyd | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beaverlodhge_beaver_statue.JPG; PD | unknown • 82 cotesebastien | iStock • 83 Paul Nicklen | National Geographic | Getty Images • 84 PD | unknown; Andrew Jebasingh | Shutterstock • 85 V. J. Matthew | Shutterstock • 86 PD | unknown; Ray Fine Enterprises; PD | Charlie Chaplin • 87 PD | Sir Luke Fildes | Royal Collection (commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:King_George_V_1911.jpg): PD | www.yukoninfo.com/wp-content/uploads/edwhitehousesled.jpg • 88 Jonnybarratt | Dreamstime; Erik Lam | Dreamstime; Jianchun | Dreamstime • 89 PD | unknown; Erik Lam | Dreamstime • 90 PD | unknown; PD | Catherine Read • 91 PD | unknown; Sharon Wood | www.sharonwood.net; Yasushi Tanikado | Dreamstime • 92 PD | www.windsorscottish.com/pl-lp-mcgregors.php; worldofclassiccars.blogspot.com.au/2013/11/ford-model-t-world-of-classic-cars-rank.html; PD | unknown • 93 Hartsook | Library of Congress; Scott Hayes | www.sacarfan.co.zaworldofclassiccars. blogspot.com.au • 94 www.chevyasylum.com/cruisin/cruisin2006/060603/1931%20Ford%20Fordor%20Sedan.jpg; Ververidis Vasilis | Shutterstock • 95 PD | Ford Motor Company; Trekphiler | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canadian_military_pattern_truck_front.JPG • 96 Intoit | Dreamstime; Lostafichuk | Dreamstime • 97 NASA | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MESSENGER.jpg | Serena Livingston | Dreamstime • 98 PD | unknown; Neilson’s chocolates • 99 Maclean’s ; PD | Library and Archives of Canada • 100 Thomas Brandt | Dreamstime; PD | unknown • 101 PD | unknown; PD | unknown • 102 PD | unknown; PD | unknown; P199 | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Marie_Hurons_2.jpg • 103 PD | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ball_players.jpg • 104 PD | unknown • 105 blog.mailasail.com/beezneez/1142 • 106 PD | nga.gov.au/theitalians/Detail.cfm?IRN=161266&ViewID=3 • 107 Stephen Pietzko | Dreamstime • 108 Bombardier_Recreational_Products; PD | www.montrealgazette.com/news/50objects/index.html#prettyPhoto/27/ • 109 Lkmorlan | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fox-40-whistle.jpg; /www.youthscience.ca/contact • 110 Adrian Pingstone | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hurricane_mk1_r4118_fairford_arp.jpg; Howard Liberman | Library of Congress; Canada Post Corporation (stamps.digital-disability.com/george_klein.html); Canada Post Corporation | Library and Archives Canada • 112 PD | Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division; OEBarker | panoramio. com/user/1060756 • 113 Open Clip Art Library | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yukon.svg; Matt and Bess | commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Library,_Keno_City,_ Yukon.jpg • 114 PD | Library and archives of Canada; PD | jensguigna.wordpress.com/2012/11/02/fridays-favourite-things-2-november-2012/ • 115 tytempletonart. wordpress.com/; Comely Comix; 3.bp.blogspot.com; PD | silenttoronto.com/?tag=100-years-of-censorship • 116 Laurie Skreslet | www.laurieskreslet.com; Pat Morrow | www.patmorrow.com • 117 Blagodeyte | Dreamstime • 118 Rob | Sometimes-Interesting.com; www.everestnews.com • 119 PD | www.walkervilletimes.com/34/cc-girl.html; Canadian Club; PD | Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division; Canadian Club • 120 Helgidinson | Dreamstime • 121 PD | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Al_ Capone-around_1935.jpg • 122 PD | unknown; P199 | commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Springs_ON_3.JPG • 123 PD | unknown; Resolute | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LeducNo1Derrick.png • 124 PD | Songquan Deng | Dreamstime • 125 PD | Donna Marie Campbell; PD | petrolialambtonindependent.ca/wp-content/ uploads/2013/09/e-virtual-exhibit-600x375.jpg • 126 gringationcancun.com; Lostafichuk | Dreamstime; Carrienelson1 | Dreamstime. • 127 Best Photo Studio | Shutterstock; Mikhail Kolesnikov | Shutterstock; • 128 Lieut. G. Barry Gilroy | Library and Archives Canada; PD | unknown • 129 PD | www.sierraclub.can/en/media; Featureflash | Shutterstock • 130 Elena Elisseeva | Dreamstime • 131 mapleleafs.nhl.com; Albert Nerenberg and Rob Spence | exclaim.ca/Interviews/WebExclusive/let • 132 David Hernandez | Dreamstime; Stewart Blusson | www.sfu.ca/archive-sfunews/news/story_10070910.shtmlmapleleafs.nhl.com • 133 YK Times | en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/File:Snap_Lake_Diamond_Mine_Processing_Plant.jpg; Stuart Key | Dreamstime • 134 PD | unknown | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Vance_Millar.jpg • 135 Pia Mercardo | http://piamercado.wordpress.com; PD | www.blogto.com/city/2012/02/the_strange_tale_of_the_toronto_stork_derby/ • 136 Martial Genest | Dreamstime • 137 PD | Library and Archives Canada • 138 Neftali | Shutterstock; Christian De Grandmaison | Dreamstime; Sailorr | Shutterstock • 139 Alain St-onge | Dreamstime • 140 Sideyman | Dreamstime • 141 SF photo | Shutterstock
Uncle John's Bathroom Reader Plunges into Canada Page 20
