by FDR
Sumner, William Graham. The Forgotten Man and Other Essays. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1918.
Swain, Martha H. Pat Harrison: The New Deal Years. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1978.
Swift, Will. The Roosevelts and the Royals: Franklin and Eleanor, The King and Queen of England, and the Friendship That Changed History. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
Tansill, Charles C. Back Door to War: The Roosevelt Foreign Policy, 1933–1941. Chicago: Regnery, 1952.
Taylor, Charles Carlisle. The Life of Admiral Mahan. New York: George H. Doran, 1920.
Taylor, F. J. The United States and the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. New York: Bookman Associates, 1956.
Teague, Michael. Mrs. L: Conversations with Alice Roosevelt Longworth. New York: Doubleday, 1981.
Tehan, Arline Boucher. Henry Adams in Love. New York: Universe Books, 1983.
Teichmann, Howard. Alice: The Life and Times of Alice Roosevelt Longworth. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979.
Thomas, Gordon, and Max Morgan-Witts. The Day the Bubble Burst. New York: Doubleday, 1979.
Thompson, Robert Smith. A Time for War: Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Path to Pearl Harbor. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1991.
Timmons, Bascom N. Garner of Texas: A Personal History. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948.
———. Jesse H. Jones: The Man and the Statesman. New York: Henry Holt, 1956.
Truman, Harry S. Memoirs. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1956.
Tuchman, Barbara W. The Guns of August. New York: Macmillan, 1962.
———. The Zimmermann Telegram. New York: Viking Press, 1958.
Tucker, Ray Thomas. The Mirrors of 1932. New York: Brewer, Warren & Putnam, 1931.
Tugwell, Rexford G. The Brains Trust. New York: Viking Press, 1968.
———. The Democratic Roosevelt: A Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt. New York: Doubleday, 1957.
———. In Search of Roosevelt. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972.
———. Roosevelt’s Revolution. New York: Macmillan, 1977.
Tully, Grace. F.D.R.: My Boss. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949.
Tumulty, Joseph P. Woodrow Wilson as I Know Him. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921.
Underhill, Robert. FDR and Harry: Unparalleled Lives. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1996.
United States Civilian Production Administration. Industrial Mobilization for War. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1947.
United States Congress. Pearl Harbor Attack: Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack. 39 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1946.
United States Congress, House, Committee on Naval Affairs. Hearings, 1915. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1915.
United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Statistical History of the United States from Colonial Times to the Present. Stamford, Conn.: Fairfield Publishers, 1965.
United States Department of Justice. Annual Report of the Attorney General of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1913.
United States Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1908. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912.
———. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1914, Supplement. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1928.
———. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1915, Supplement. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1928.
———. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1924. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1939.
———. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1940. 5 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955–1961.
———. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1941. 7 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956–1963.
———. Foreign Relations of the United States, Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955.
———. Foreign Relations of the United States, Conferences at Cairo and Teheran, 1943. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1961.
———. Foreign Relations of the United States, Conferences at Washington, 1941–1942, and Casablanca, 1943. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968.
———. Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 1931–1941. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943.
———. Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States, 1776–1949. Charles I. Bevans, ed. 13 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968–1976.
United States Department of the Army. The Army Almanac. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950.
United States Department of the Navy. Ships’ Data: U.S. Naval Vessels. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1914.
United States Federal Writers’ Project. Washington: City and Capital, Federal Writers’ Project Works Progress Administration … Washington, 1937. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1937.
United States Public Works Administration. America Builds: The Record of the PWA. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1939.
Utley, Jonathan G. Going to War with Japan, 1937–1941. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985.
Vandenberg, Arthur H., and Joe Alex Morris. The Private Papers of Senator Vandenberg. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1952.
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, Jr. Farewell to Fifth Avenue. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1935.
Van Minnen, Cornelius A., and John F. Sears, eds. FDR and His Contemporaries: Foreign Perceptions of an American President. New York: St. Martin’s Press, in association with the Roosevelt Study Center, 1992.
Van Natta, Don. First Off the Tee: Presidential Hackers, Duffers, and Cheaters, from Taft to Bush. New York: PublicAffairs, 2003.
Verrier, Anthony. Assassination in Algiers: Churchill, Roosevelt, de Gaulle, and the Murder of Admiral Darlan. New York: Norton, 1990.
Von Drehle, David. Triangle: The Fire That Changed America. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2003.
Waite, John G. The President as Architect: Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Top Cottage. Albany, N.Y.: Mount Ida Press, 2001.
Walker, Turnley. Roosevelt and the Warm Springs Story. New York: A. A. Wyn, 1953.
Walker, William O., III. Opium and Foreign Policy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.
Wallace, Henry A. The Price of Vision: Diary of Henry A. Wallace, 1942–1946. John Morton Blum, ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973.
Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations. New York: Basic Books, 1977.
Ward, Geoffrey C. Before the Trumpet: Young Franklin Roosevelt, 1882–1905. New York: Harper & Row, 1985.
———. A First-Class Temperament: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.
———, ed. Closest Companion: The Unknown Story of the Intimate Friendship Between Franklin Roosevelt and Margaret Suckley. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995.
Warner, Emily Smith, and Hawthorne Daniel. The Happy Warrior: A Biography of My Father, Alfred E. Smith. New York: Doubleday, 1956.
Warren, Charles. The Supreme Court in United States History. 2 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1926.
Warren, Earl. The Memoirs of Earl Warren. New York: Doubleday, 1977.
Warren, Harris Gaylord. Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959.
Watkins, T. H. Righteous Pilgrim: The Life and Times of Harold L. Ickes, 1874–1952. New York: Henry Holt, 1990.
Watson, Mark S. The United States Army in World War II: Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950.
Watt, Donald Cameron. How War Came: The Immediate Origins of the Second World War, 1938–1939. New York: Pantheon,
1989.
Webb, Beatrice. The Diary of Beatrice Webb. Norman and Jeanne MacKenzie, eds., Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982–1985.
Wedemeyer, Albert C. Wedemeyer Reports! New York: Henry Holt, 1958.
Wehle, Louis B. Hidden Threads of History, Wilson Through Roosevelt. New York: Macmillan, 1953.
Weil, Martin. A Pretty Good Club: The Founding Fathers of the U.S. Foreign Service. New York: Norton, 1978.
Weiss, Nancy J. Charles Francis Murphy, 1858–1924: Respectability and Responsibility in Tammany Politics. Northampton, Mass.: Smith College, 1968.
———. Farewell to the Party of Lincoln: Black Politics in the Age of FDR. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983.
Weizmann, Chaim. Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949.
Welles, Sumner. Seven Decisions That Shaped History. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1951.
———. Time for Decision. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1944.
Werner, M. R. Bryan. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929.
———. Tammany Hall. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968.
West, J. B., with Mary Lynn Kotz. Upstairs at the White House. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1973.
Wharton, Don. The Roosevelt Omnibus. New York: Knopf, 1934.
Wharton, Edith. The Age of Innocence. New York: D. Appleton, 1920.
Wheeler, Burton K. Yankee from the West. New York: Doubleday, 1962.
Wheeler-Bennett, John W. King George VI: His Life and Reign. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1958.
———. The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics, 1918–1945. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1954.
White, G. Edward. The Constitution and the New Deal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000.
White, Graham J. F.D.R. and the Press. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
White, Walter. A Man Called White: The Autobiography of Walter White. New York: Viking Press, 1948.
White, William L. Bernard Baruch. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1950.
Whittelsey, Charles B. The Roosevelt Genealogy, 1649–1902. Hartford, Conn.: Burr, 1902.
Williams, T. Harry. Huey Long. New York: Knopf, 1969.
Willis, Resa. FDR and Lucy: Lovers and Friends. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Wilson, Theodore A. The First Summit: Roosevelt and Churchill at Placentia Bay, 1941. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969.
Wilson, Woodrow. Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885.
Winfield, Betty Houchin. FDR and the News Media. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
Wise, John Sargeant. Recollections of Thirteen Presidents. New York: Doubleday, 1906.
Wohlstetter, Roberta. Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.
Wolf, Thomas P., Byron W. Daynes, and William D. Pederson. Franklin D. Roosevelt and Congress: The New Deal and Its Aftermath. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2001.
Wordsworth, William. Wordsworth’s Poems in Two Volumes (1807): A Facsimile. London: British Library, 1984.
Wyman, David. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941–1945. New York: Pantheon, 1984.
Yeager, M. Hildegarde. The Life of James Roosevelt Bayley. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press, 1947.
Yergin, Daniel. Shattered Peace. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.
Young, Louise. Japan’s Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
Acknowledgments
THIS BOOK COULD not have been written without the assistance of Rhonda Mullins of the Communications Department (President’s Office) of Marshall University. I write in longhand with a ballpoint pen on yellow legal pads. Ms. Mullins not only was able to read my writing but translated it to typescript with remarkable efficiency. Over the course of four years and endless drafts, she provided me with finished copy on a daily basis. I am eternally grateful.
Writing contemporary biography requires consulting vast collections of primary documents. I am indebted to the John and Elizabeth Drinko Foundation for providing the assistance that permitted my frequent visits to the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library at Hyde Park; the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress; the special collections of personal papers at Princeton, Harvard, and Yale; and the Oral History Project at Columbia. John and Elizabeth’s contribution to higher education is truly remarkable. Over the last thirty years they have established nine endowed chairs, supported more than a dozen academic programs, and provided the funds for the construction of the Ohio State University Law School, the Marshall University Library, and the Performing Arts Recital Hall at Cleveland State. Neither John nor Elizabeth was a fan of Franklin Roosevelt, but that did not prevent them from providing unstinting support.
To those who have read the manuscript, I am indebted beyond measure. Their suggestions have been invaluable, and I thank them for the time and effort they generously granted. The entire manuscript was read by the “Gang of Thirteen”—old friends, colleagues, and former students, many of whom helped with Clay, Marshall, and Grant: Thomas Bergquist, Paul Ehrlich, Bennett Feigenbaum, Joanne Feld, Ellen Feldman, Alan Gould, Sanford Lakoff, William Nelson, John Seaman, John Simon, Kelly and David Vaziri, and Frank Williams. Portions of the manuscript were read by George Carter, Michael Donnelly, Harry Moul, Roger Newman, Kent Newmyer, Dan O’Hanlon, and Simon Perry, to whom I am also grateful. My classmates Alan Blumberg and Brice McAdoo Clagett provided valuable assistance pertaining to New York divorce proceedings and the 1932 Democratic National Convention. Dr. Sonya Vaziri of the Harvard Medical School helped me understand the problems of FDR’s hypertension.
The bibliography was prepared by Aaron Arthur, Jessica Watkins, and Jarrett Gerlach. The reference librarians at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Mark Renovitch, Virginia Lewick, and Alycia Vivona, were helpful beyond description. The copyediting was done by Lynn Anderson, Dennis Ambrose was the production editor, and Simon Sullivan was the book’s designer.
To my agent, Elizabeth Kaplan, I am especially grateful for navigating the tricky shoals of contract negotiation and helping to place this book with Random House. I cannot say too much about the pleasure of working with Vice President and Executive Editor Robert Loomis. Mr. Loomis is justly regarded as the nation’s premier editor of nonfiction and is a man of wonderful warmth and diligence. This is his fiftieth year at Random House, and I am pleased that FDR has appeared in time to mark the occasion.
JEAN EDWARD SMITH is the author of twelve books, including highly acclaimed biographies of Chief Justice John Marshall, General Lucius D. Clay, and Ulysses S. Grant (a 2002 Pulitzer Prize finalist). A graduate of Princeton University and Columbia, Smith taught at the University of Toronto thirty-five years before joining the faculty at Marshall University, where he is the John Marshall Professor of Political Science.
