Riga 686, 687, 691, 706
Robert I, Count of Artois 772, 788–9, 792–4, 799, 800
Robert I, count of Dreux 280, 295, 432
Robert I, count of Flanders 82, 116
Robert I, duke of Normandy 116, 252
Robert II, count of Dreux 432
Robert II, count of Flanders 59, 72, 82, 106, 114–15, 116–18, 119, 130, 138, 142, 150–52, 155, 157, 161, 248, 505
Robert II Curthose, duke of Normandy 59, 76, 82–3, 106, 114, 115, 116–18, 130, 149–50, 155, 157, 161, 246, 249, 262
Robert of Ansa 112
Robert of Arbrissel 70
Robert of Boves 528
Robert the Bugger (le Bougre) 573
Robert of Clari, knight and chronicler 498, 499, 505, 511, 513, 514, 525–33, 540, 546, 552, 554, 556, 557
Robert of Cokefield 390
Robert of Courçon (Curzon) 584, 613, 620, 621, 622–3
Robert FitzFulk, the Leper, Antiochene noble 191, 230
Robert FitzGerald 112
Robert FitzTristan 112
Robert Guiscard, ruler of southern Italy 11–12, 14, 20, 54, 112, 204, 537
Robert of Rheims, chronicler 86, 93
Historia 245, 418
Robert of Rouen, bishop of Ramla 117
Robert of Sourdeval 112
Rodrigo, last Visigothic king of Spain 653
Rodrigo Diaz, el Cid 20, 126, 204, 659, 663
Poema de Mio Cid 663
Roger, count of Foix 81
Roger Bacon, Oxford don 688
Roger of Barneville 116
Roger Borsa, count of Apulia 77, 112, 117
Roger, son of Dagobert 113, 114
Roger I, count of Sicily 14, 48, 55, 117
Roger II count and king of Sicily 14–15, 194–5, 248, 274, 289–91, 296, 319, 322, 324, 326, 537, 660
Roger Flor, Catalan Templar privateer 821
Catalan Company of 850
Roger of Howden, chronicler, crusader, civil servant 388, 390, 395, 433, 434, 435, 452
Roger of Moulins, master of Hospitallers 367
Roger of Mowbray 296
Roger of Salerno, prince of Antioch 187, 191, 192, 194, 196, 221, 265, 271
Roger of San Severino, Angevin bailli 731
Roger of Wendover, chronicler 721, 745
Romania, Frankish Greece 554–60, 848
Romanus IV Diogenes, Byzantine emperor 11, 96, 127
Rommersdorf, abbot of, letterbook of 615
Roncevalles, battle at 654
see also Song of Roland
Rorgo Fretel of Nazareth 169
Rouen 71, 100, 104
Roussel of Bailleul, mercenary 82
Ruad, island of 352, 732
Rudiger, bishop of Speyer 101
Rudolf of Habsburg, king of Germany 704, 816
Rügen, Rugeners 306, 678, 682, 683, 684
Rum, Seljuk sultan, sultanate of 12, 98–9, 118, 124, 127, 128–9, 173–5, 319, 322, 342, 354, 418, 422, 426, 534, 629, 636, 843, 848
Runciman, Steven 28–9, 101, 406, 495, 558, 560
Russia, Rus (Novgorod), principality of 10–11, 681, 684, 693–4, 696–8, 701–2, 710–11, 756
Ruthard, archbishop of Mainz 102
Saher of Achel 296, 309
St Benet Holme, abbey of 297
St Denis, abbey of 117, 289, 291–2, 440, 585, 610, 783, 811
St Edward, Order of 722
St Félix de Caraman, Cathar assembly at 574
St Germain, abbot of 38
St Mary, Hospital of, Jerusalem 221
St Mary, interfaith shrine at Saidnaya of 719
St Sabas, War of 727–8
St Symeon, Syrian port 135–6, 138, 140, 329
St Thomas of Acre, Order of 257, 745, 908
see also Thomas Becket
St Victor of Marseilles, abbey of 27
Saladin, Yusuf ibn Ayyub, sultan of Egypt and Syria 20, 158, 179, 200, 204, 211, 212, 225, 227, 235, 239, 343, 345, 347–54, 362–4, 366–74, 379, 492, 715
and jihad 21, 345, 352–3, 366, 403, 414
legend of 350–51
and Third Crusade 402–17, 418, 419, 420–21, 422, 425, 427, 443, 446–73
Saladin Tithe, the 381, 389–91, 393, 394, 431, 433–4, 437, 484
al-Salih Ayyub, sultan of Egypt 764, 766–9, 771, 784, 787–90
al-Salih Isma ‘il, ruler of Damascus 764, 766–7
Salimbene of Adam, OFM 816
Samaritans, sect of 213, 229
Samson, abbot of Bury St Edmunds 390, 392
Sancho I, king of Aragon 659
Sancho IV, king of Navarre 658
Sancho VII, king of Navarre 668
Santiago, Order of 256, 667, 670
Saphet, castle of 237, 372, 719–20, 721, 722, 807
‘Saracens’ 125
Savaric de Mauléon 623–4
Savonarola, Girolamo 908
Saxo Grammaticus, chronicler 682
Sayf al-Din, ruler of Mosul 268, 333
Scanderbeg, Albanian nationalist 846, 871
Schism, Papal or Great 852, 878, 895, 900–901
Sebastian, king of Portugal 672
sea power, shipping 61, 82, 138, 140, 148, 153, 170, 179, 289–91, 309–16, 389–90, 398, 402–3, 409, 411–14, 418, 433, 435–7, 441, 507, 508, 509, 511–14, 516, 627–8, 648, 689, 690, 718–19, 780–81, 799, 801, 802, 808, 816, 851
Selim I, the Grim, Ottoman sultan 844, 872
Seljuk Turks 11–13, 49, 81, 82, 83, 118, 119, 126–9, 136, 141, 173, 177, 181, 192, 271
Sergius IV, pope 55
Seville, capture of (1248) 668, 670, 671
Shaizar 188, 329
Shajar al-Durr, sultana of Egypt 789–91, 797
Shawar, Egyptian vizier 347–9
al-Shirazi, Baghdad legist 228
Shirkuh, Asad al-Din, Kurdish mercenary general 348–9
Sicilian Vespers, Wars of 818, 898–9
Sicily 13, 15, 53, 54, 55, 206, 374, 441–2, 896–9
Sidon 153, 179, 202, 204, 219, 265, 372, 492, 722, 748, 822
siege machines 23, 103, 139, 142, 155, 156–7, 162, 313–15, 332–3, 415, 433, 449, 450, 528, 540, 552–3, 586, 595, 634–5, 818–20
Sigebert of Gembloux 92
Sigismund, king of Hungary, Bohemia and Germany, emperor 711, 854–6, 902
Sigurd, king of Norway 251, 265
Silves, capture of (1189) 396, 414
Simeon the Armenian 132
Simon, count of Saarbrücken 631
Simon of Dover 309
Simon of Montfort, the Elder 505, 528–9, 531, 532, 542, 563–7, 576, 578, 579–80, 584, 586, 587, 588, 591–2, 593–9, 603, 605, 610, 612, 616
Simon of Montfort, the Younger, earl of Leicester 726, 737, 758, 759, 760, 762, 768, 896
Simon of Trier, martyr 285
slavery 3, 227, 230, 237, 307, 328, 371, 404, 657, 719
Smyrna 837, 843
Solomon bar Simsom 105
Song of Roland 50–51, 250, 654–5
Soqman of Mardin 186
Spain 13, 52
Speyer 100, 101
assembly at (1146–7) 281, 286, 287–8
Standard, battle of the (1138) 250
Stephen, count of Blois 59, 74, 87, 93, 106, 114, 115, 116–18, 122, 124, 130, 136, 140, 141, 142, 147, 161, 163–4, 171, 173–4, 175
Stephen, count of Burgundy 171
Stephen, king of England 255, 300, 454
Stephen, St, king of Hungary 10
Stephen II, pope 5
Stephen of Cloyes, leader of Children’s Crusade 610
Stephen of Neublans 253
Stephen of Valence, visionary 143, 144, 146
Stettin 307, 678, 680
Suger, abbot of St Denis 249, 277, 291–2, 335
al-Sulami, Damascene scholar 125, 181, 272, 650
Suleiman I, the Magnificent 844, 872
Suleiman ibn Kutulmush, sultan of Rum 127
Sven Aggeson, chronicler 682
Sverre, kin
g of Norway 382
Swantopelk, duke of Danzig 701, 702
Sweyn III, king of Denmark, 305, 680, 681
Sweyn Godwinson 252
Swordbrothers of Livonia, Order of 257, 686, 688, 691–3, 695, 701, 704, 756, 840
Sybil, queen of Jerusalem 209, 341, 354, 357–65, 407, 429
Sylvester I, pope 5
Sylvester II (Gerbert), pope 6
Symeon, patriarch of Jerusalem 78–9
Tafurs, the, alleged crusading cannibals 150
Tagliacozzo, battle of (1268) 898
taifa kings of al-Andalus 657–9, 661
Tancred of Lecce, prince of Antioch 15, 20, 82, 87, 94, 111, 112, 113, 119, 120, 124, 131–2, 135, 137, 139, 142, 149–50, 152, 153, 155–8, 178–9, 186–7, 190, 194, 195, 197, 201, 202, 203, 219, 220, 221, 230
Tancred of Lecce, king of Sicily 394, 424, 441–2, 451, 489
Tannenberg (Grünwald), battle of (1410) 710
Tarragona 56, 263, 650, 662, 664
Tarsus 82, 131–2, 328
Tatikios, Byzantine general 114, 121, 130, 139–40, 147
Tatoul the Armenian 132
Tell Danith, battle of (1115) 187, 191, 272
‘Templar of Tyre’, the, chronicler and secret agent 720, 822
Templars, the Order of the Knights of the Temple of Solomon 28, 169, 179, 217, 250, 252, 253–7, 277, 296, 298, 299, 326–7, 329, 331, 334, 349, 354, 355, 367, 371, 444, 449, 457, 639, 665, 667, 686, 719–20, 726, 727, 729, 732–3, 748, 750, 752, 754, 768, 778, 792, 798, 822
reputation of 407, 497
trial and suppression of 706, 838–43
Teutonic Knights, Teutonic Order of the Hospital of St Mary in Jerusalem 257, 430, 494, 639, 668, 687, 688, 696, 698–711, 726, 727, 748, 752, 754, 838
annexed Livonia 693–4, 701
conquest of Prussia 698–705
critics of 706, 709–10, 838–41, 842
Theobald, count of Blois 255
Theobald II, count of Champagne 276
Theobald III, count of Champagne 503, 504–5, 506–7, 510, 514, 516, 517, 760
Theobald IV, count of Champagne 586, 669–70, 756–7, 775
his crusade 1239–40, 719, 757, 759–61, 764–7, 768–9
Theodore Lascaris, ruler of Nicaea 555
Theodwin, cardinal of St Rufina 294
Thessalonica 116
Thiemo, archbishop of Salzburg 175
Thierry, count of Flanders 218, 255, 280, 287, 290, 294, 295, 299, 317, 328, 333–4, 341
Thierry of Nussa, prior of English Hospitallers 758
Thietmar, pilgrim 240, 404
Thomas Aquinas 34, 256, 894
Thomas of Aquino, count of Acerra 744, 754
Thomas Balocz, archbishop of Esztergom 881–2
Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick 708, 832
Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury 251, 356, 377, 396, 582, 624, 908
Thomas Malory, Morte d’Arthur 886
Thomas of Marle 87, 107, 248, 249
Thomas Walsingham, chronicler 833
Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester 709, 887
Thoros of Edessa 134, 202
Tiberias and the campaign of 1187 366–9, 372
Timur the Lame (Tamberlaine) 843–4, 847, 852, 856
Tinnis, Egyptian port 81, 630, 790
Tlaxcala, Mexico, crusade pageant at (1539) 672–3
Toledo 653, 659, 661
Tortosa (Spain) 316, 665
Tortosa (Syria) 175, 179, 196, 237, 405, 822
Tours 71, 74
Council of (1096) 74
towns 3, 42, 75, 77–8, 95, 101, 300, 309–10, 396, 412, 432, 608, 625, 704, 744, 878, 907–8
Travels of John Mandeville, The 887, 914–15
Trent, General Church Council at (from 1545) 873–4, 893
Tripoli (Lebanon) 152, 197, 223, 227, 403, 406, 732, 817
principality of 111, 190, 196–200, 212–40, 721
True/Holy Cross, the 35, 63, 70, 160, 217, 278, 371, 379, 384, 453, 455, 456, 468, 471, 557, 558, 610, 639, 657, 783, 879
Tughrul Beg, Seljuk sultan 126
Tughtegin, atabeg of Damascus 138, 192, 203, 204, 230
Tunis, and Louis IX’s second crusade 810–12
Turbessel (Tell-Bashir) 188–9, 225
Turcopoles 228, 356, 719
Turks 4, 11–13, 125, 126, 181, 213, 226–7, 320–21
leagues against 830, 836, 843, 845
Tutush, Seljuk ruler 127, 128, 129
Tyre 153, 179, 205, 206, 219–20, 223, 230, 237, 265–6, 372, 402–9, 413, 415, 454, 512, 515–16, 718, 726, 732, 822
Ubaldo, archbishop of Pisa, papal legate 402, 407, 429
Ulf of Lauvnes 382
Umar, caliph 51
Unur, ruler of Damascus 188, 198, 333, 334
Urban II, pope 7–8, 28, 31, 45, 47, 49–50, 54, 56, 107, 112, 118, 161, 172, 175, 243, 263, 480, 650, 655, 659, 662, 664, 907, 915
and First Crusade 7–8, 27, 44, 50, 57, 58–89, 92, 96, 106, 115, 119, 125, 148, 149, 152, 161, 164, 170, 245, 248, 258, 281, 296
Urban III, pope 374, 376, 417
Urban IV, pope 807, 896, 898
Urban V, pope 832, 843, 845, 889, 905
Urban VI, pope 698, 900–901
Usmah ibn Munqidh of Shaizar, raconteur 230, 233, 237–8
Valdemar I, king of Denmark 678, 681, 682, 683, 695
Valdemar II, king of Denmark 683, 692, 695–6
Valdemar IV, king of Denmark 696, 705
Valencia 20, 656, 659, 670–71
Vallembrosa, monks of 68, 72
Varangian guards 20, 82, 251, 534
Varna, crusade and battle of 847, 862–3
Vasil of Edessa 188
Vatican, the, Second General Council of the Church at 655
Veils, family of Anglo-Norman merchants 309, 310, 312
Venice, Venetians 3, 55, 179–81, 201, 402, 424, 440, 608, 615–16, 626–7, 631, 634–5, 706, 718, 727–8, 817, 820, 830, 837, 845, 854, 862–3, 866, 871
crusade of (1122–5) 265–6, 516
and Fourth Crusade 495, 501, 511–33, 537–56, 639
Treaty of (1201) 509, 510–16, 520–21, 540, 542
Vetheman of Roskilde, confraternity of 256
Vézelay 432
assembly at (1146) 276, 278–80, 489
agreement of (1190) 440, 442, 450, 453
Vienna, siege of (1529) 873
Vienne, General Council of the Church at (1311–12) 816, 829, 837, 841
Vikings 4, 15, 22, 37, 38, 39, 40, 147, 162, 380–81
Vincent of Prague 308, 336
visions 139, 143–6, 152, 156, 618–19
Vladimir, prince of Kiev 10
Volkmar, crusade leader 80, 99
Waleran of Wavrin 859
Wales, preaching tour of 1188 385–6, 396
Walo of Chaumont-en-Vexin 107
Walter of Boissy Sans Avoir (‘the Penniless’) 79, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99
Walter of Brienne 516
Walter the Chancellor, of Antioch, chronicler 195
Walter FitzWaleran of Breteuil 95, 97
Walter von der Vogelweide 351, 478–9
Welf IV, duke of Bavaria 171, 174
Welf VI, duke of Bavaria 282, 287, 288, 292
Wenceslas, king of Bohemia 10
Wends, western Baltic Slavs 263, 292–3, 674, 676–81
Wibald, abbot of Stavelot and Corvey 292, 293, 307, 333, 680
William, archbishop of Tyre 52, 195, 209–11, 212–40 passim, 328, 330, 333–4, 337, 343 et seq., 351, 357, 358–9, 361, 641, 913
Historia 209–10, 212–40 passim, 343, 347–64, 886, 887
William, archdeacon of Paris, preacher and engineer 586, 595, 608
William, bishop of Orange 115, 145
William, ‘the Carpenter’, viscount of Melun 87, 107, 138
William, patriarch of Jerusalem 278
William I, count of Holland 627
William I, king of England 17, 44, 64, 83, 84, 116
Will
iam I, king of Sicily 251
William II, count of Nevers 171, 172, 174, 186
William II, king of England 76, 116
William II, king of Sicily 237, 374, 376, 382, 394, 402, 424, 434, 441–2
William III, marquis of Montferrat, the Elder 298, 323, 365, 371, 405, 517
William IX, duke of Aquitaine 171, 172, 173, 174–5
William of Auvergne, bishop of Paris 772
William of Beaujeu, master of the Temple 720, 821
William Brewer, bishop of Exeter 648, 744–5, 748, 752
William Caxton, printer 886
William Clito, count of Flanders 252, 255
William Ferrers, earl of Derby 412, 432
William FitzMarquis 108, 112
William of Forz 760, 768
William of Grandmesnil 114
William Hugh of Monteil 156
William-Jordan, count of Cerdagne and count of Tripoli 196–7
William the Lion, king of Scotland 382
William Longchamp, chancellor of England 393, 453, 466
William Longspee, crusader and cult figure 787, 792–3, 802, 908
William of Malmesbury, chronicler 64
William Marshal 392
William of Montferrat, the Younger 341, 360, 363, 517
William of Newburgh, chronicler 472–3
William of Norwich, blood libel of 283
William of Preaux 234
William Ricau, engineer 155
William of Rubruck, OP 798
William of Savoy, cardinal and legate 704
William of Tripoli, OP 815
William of Tudela, verse chronicler 591
William of Warenne, earl of Surrey 280, 295, 322
Winrich of Kniprode, master of Teutonic Knights 707
Wolfker of Kuffern 32
Xerigordo, disaster at (1096) 98, 119
Yaghisiyan, governor of Antioch 135, 141, 142
Ya ‘qub, Almohad leader 488
York, Jewish massacre in (1190) 438–9
Yusuf ibn Tashfin, Almoravid ruler 272, 661
Zacharias, pope 5
Zara, and Fourth Crusade 501, 519, 524, 527–33, 539, 540, 541–2, 594
Zaragoza 658–9, 664
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God's War: A New History of the Crusades Page 132
