33. “Unit Records,” Company K, First Texas Heavy Artillery, Galveston, Texas, 1861–1862.
34. Moore, ed., The Rebellion Record, 343.
35. Author’s interview with Alwyn Barr, September 17, 2010.
36. Moore, ed., The Rebellion Record, 343.
37. Barr, “Texas Coastal Defense, 1861–1865,” 2–13, 11–13.
38. Moore, ed., The Rebellion Record, 339.
39. Barr, “Texas Coastal Defense, 1861–1865,” 14–15.
40. Ibid., 16.
41. “Unit Records,” Company K, First Texas Heavy Artillery, Galveston, Texas, 1861–1862.
42. Moore, ed., The Rebellion Record, 338.
43. Barr, “Texas Coastal Defense, 1861–1865,” 16.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid., 18.
46. Wooster, Texas and Texans in the Civil War, 67.
CHAPTER 6
1. Ralph A. Wooster, Texas and Texans in the Civil War (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 1995), 69.
2. Alwyn Barr, “Texas Coastal Defense, 1861–1865,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 65 (July 1961): 23.
3. Frank Calvert Oltorf, The Marlin Compound: Letters of a Singular Family (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968), 116.
4. Ibid., 115.
5. Ibid., 118.
6. Wooster, Texas and Texans in the Civil War, 76.
7. Oltorf, The Marlin Compound, 121.
8. Ibid., 126.
9. Wooster, Texas and Texans in the Civil War, 77.
10. Frank, Moore, ed., The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, vol. 9 (New York: Van Nostrand, 1865), 734.
11. Barr, “Texas Coastal Defense, 1861–1865,” 28–29.
12. Moore, ed., The Rebellion Record, 245.
13. “Unit Records,” Company K, First Texas Heavy Artillery. Galveston, Texas, 1861–1862, Confederate Army Records (“Rebel Archives”), National Archives, Washington, D.C.
14. Wooster, Texas and Texans in the Civil War, 92.
15. Moore, ed. The Rebellion Record, 736.
16. Ibid.
17. Wooster, Texas and Texans in the Civil War, 138.
18. Ibid., 140.
19. Oltorf, The Marlin Compound, 137–139.
20. Moore, ed., The Rebellion Record, 740.
21. Oltorf, The Marlin Compound, 139.
22. Ibid., 140.
23. Moore, ed. The Rebellion Record, 733.
24. War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, vol. 34, Part II (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1896), 320; Wooster, Texas and Texan in Texans in the Civil War, 148.
25. Oltorf, The Marlin Compound, 142.
26. Henry Cheaver, “Certificate of Disablity for Discharge,” Army of the Confederate States, Galveston, Texas, May 13, 1864.
27. “Unit Records,” Fourth Texas Cavalry, Galveston, Texas, 1861–1862, Confederate Army Records (“Rebel Archives”), National Archives, Washington, D.C.
28. Wooster, Texas and Texans in the Civil War, 171.
29. A Memorial and Biographical History of McLennan, Falls, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1893), 882.
30. Wooster, Texas and Texans in the Civil War, 185.
31. Author’s interview with Robert Stem, state district court judge for Falls County, TX, May 2010.
32. Federal Writers’ Project, Works Progress Administration, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, vol. 16: Texas Narratives (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1936–1938). These interviews are available online.
CHAPTER 7
1. A Memorial and Biographical History of McLennan, Falls, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1893) 882.
2. “Estate of J. K. Tomlinson,” in Minutes, vol 1 (Falls County, TX, Probate Court, 1865–1867), 391.
3. Carl H. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War: The Struggle of Reconstruction (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2004), 29.
4. Ibid., 16.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., 21.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., 15.
9. Ibid., 22.
10. Ibid., 24.
11. Ibid., 27–28.
12. William L. Richter, Overreached on All Sides: The Freedmen’s Bureau Administrators in Texas, 1865–1868 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1991), 23.
13. Ibid., 19.
14. Ibid., 20.
15. Ibid., 25.
16. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, p. 33.
17. Richter, Overreached on All Sides, 30–32.
18. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 66.
19. Richter, Overreached on All Sides, 37.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 49.
22. Ibid., 54.
23. Christopher B. Bean, “A Stranger Amongst Strangers: An Analysis of the Freedmen’s Bureau’s Sub-Assistant Commissioners in Texas.” (Ph.D. diss. University of North Texas, 2008), 253–245.
24. Richter, Overreached on All Sides, 253.
25. Churchill Jones, “Application for Amnesty,” September 21, 1865, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
26. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Texas, 1865–1869, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
27. Ibid.
28. Barry A. Crouch, The Freedmen’s Bureau and Black Texans, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1992, 20.
29. Richter, Overreached on All Sides, 88.
30. Ibid., 105.
31. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 27.
32. Ibid., 48.
33. Ibid., 50.
34. Ibid., 52–53.
35. Richter, Overreached on All Sides, 99.
36. Ibid., 86.
37. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 55–56.
38. Ibid., 60.
39. Ibid., 45.
40. Ibid., 60.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid., 62.
45. Richter, Overreached on All Sides, 432.
46. Ibid., 90.
47. Ibid., 99.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid., 202.
50. “Estate of J. K. Tomlinson,” Minutes, vol. 1 (Falls County, TX, Probate Court, 1865–1867), 152.
51. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 65.
52. “Estate of J. K. Tomlinson.” Minutes, vol. 1, 152.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. Richter, Overreached on All Sides, 481.
56. “Letters Sent and Received,” Officials Records of the Bureau of Freedmen, Marlin, TX, 1867, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid.
60. F. B. Sturgis, “Field Office Records of the Bureau of Freedmen for Marlin, Texas,” May 23, 1867, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
61. Richter, Overreached on All Sides, 250.
62. Sturgis, “Field Office Records of the Bureau of Freedmen for Marlin, Texas,” May 23, 1867.
63. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 67.
64. Sturgis, “Field Office Records of the Bureau of Freedmen for Marlin, Texas,” May 23, 1867.
65. “Letters Sent and Received.”
66. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 87.
CHAPTER 8
1. Carl H. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War: The Struggle of Reconstruction (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2004), 69.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., 70.
4. Ibid., 71.
5. Ibid.
6. F. B. Sturgis, “Field Office Records of the Bureau of Freedmen for Marlin, Texas,” May 23, 1867, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
7. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 73.
8. Ibid., 75.
9. Ibid., 77.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., 79.
12. Ibid., 82.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid., 85.
15. Ibid., 85, 100.
16. Ibid., 94–95.
17. Ibid.
18. United States Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Elections, Papers in the Contested Election Case of Grafton vs. Conner in the Second District of Texas (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1870), 8.
19. Ibid.
20. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 95.
21. William L. Richter, Overreached on All Sides: The Freedmen’s Bureau Administrators in Texas, 1865–1868 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1991), 273.
22. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins (Marlin, TX: Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, 1947), 62.
23. United States Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Elections. Papers in the Contested Election of Grafton vs. Conner in the Second District of Texas.
24. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 98.
25. “Estate of J. K. Tomlinson,” in Minutes, vol. 1 (Falls County, TX, Probate Court, 1865–1867), 452.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Falls County Historical Commission, Families of Falls County (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 1987), 454–455.
30. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1870 Census fr Falls, Texas, film 553083, page 116A, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT.
31. Frank Calvert Oltorf. The Marlin Compound: Letters of a Singular Family (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968), 158.
32. Ibid.
33. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 100.
34. Ibid., 100–101.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., 110.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid., 115.
39. Ibid., 116.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid., 118.
43. Ibid.
CHAPTER 9
1. Carl H. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War: The Struggle of Reconstruction (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2004), 119.
2. Ibid., 121.
3. Ibid., 122–123.
4. Ibid., 124.
5. Ibid., 127–128.
6. Ibid., 135.
7. Lillian Schiller St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1951) 62.
8. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 158.
9. Ibid. 160.
10. Edward King, The Great South (Hartford Conn.: American Publishing Company, 1875), 65.
11. Randolph B. Campbell, Grass-roots Reconstruction in Texas, 1865–1880 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997), 186–187.
12. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 171–172.
13. Ibid., 172–173.
14. Ibid., 174.
15. Ibid., 176–177.
16. Ibid., 178.
17. Ibid., 182.
18. Ibid., 183.
19. Ibid., 185.
20. Ibid., 184.
21. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins (Marlin, TX: Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, 1947), 165.
22. Ibid., 167–168.
23. Effie Cowan, “Interview with Robert E. L. Tomlinson, White Pioneer of Marlin, Texas,” oral history, Federal Writers’ Project (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1936).
24. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 186.
25. Ibid., 188.
CHAPTER 10
1. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1870 Census for Falls County, Texas, film 553083, page 116A, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT.
2. Ibid.
3. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins (Marlin, TX: Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, 1947), 171.
4. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Chamber of Commerce, 1976), 11.
5. Carl H. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War: The Struggle of Reconstruction (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2004), 189.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., 190.
9. Ibid., 191.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., 194.
12. Ibid., 197.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Chamber of Commerce, 1976), 12.
16. Ibid., 15.
17. Ibid., 25.
18. Ibid., 17.
19. Ibid.
20. Roy Eddins, Marlin’s Public Schools from the 1840s to 1960 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Ex-Students Association, 1960), 33.
21. Randolph B. Campbell, Grass-Roots Reconstruction in Texas, 1865–1880 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997).
22. Eddins, Marlin’s Public Schools from the 1840s to 1960, 32.
23. Ibid., 34.
24. Lillian Schiller St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1951), 62.
25. Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528-1995 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996), 100.
26. St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas, 62.
27. Ibid., 65.
28. Falls County Historial Commission, Families of Falls County (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 1987), 454.
29. Ibid., 456.
30. Moneyhon, Texas After the Civil War, 203.
31. Ibid., 204.
32. Ibid., 205.
33. Thad Sitton and James H. Conrad, Freedom Colonies: Independent Black Texans in the Time of Jim Crow (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005), 2.
34. St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas, 112.
35. Sitton and Conrad, Freedom Colonies, 18.
36. Ibid., 16.
37. Ibid., 17.
38. Ibid.
39. Federal Writers’ Project, Works Progress Administration, “Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves, Vol. 16: Texas Narratives (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1936–1938). These interviews are available online.
40. Sitton and Conrad, Freedom Colonies, 18.
41. Ibid., 23.
42. Ibid., 44.
43. Ibid., 23.
44. Ibid., 43.
45. Ibid., 110.
46. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins, 185.
47. Sitton and Conrad, Freedom Colonies, 58.
48. Ibid., 59.
49. Ibid., 70.
50. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1870 Census for Falls County, Texas, film 553083, p. 117B.
51. Wedding license for “Tomlinson, Milo and Phillis,” issued by the Falls County clerk, Marlin, Texas, April 16, 1869.
52. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1870 Census for Falls County, Texas, film 553083, p. 117B.
53. Ibid.
54. St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas, 112.
55. Barr, Black Texans, 107.
56. Sitton and Conrad, Freedom Colonies, 90.
57. Barr, Black Texans, 109.
58. Ibid.
59. This quote and the subsequent one are from an interview by Lisa Kaselak with Pinkie Taylor Price, April 17, 2011.
60. Barr, Black Texans, 89.
61. Ibid., 90.
62. Ibid., 96.
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid., 101.
65. Ibid., 73.
66. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1880 Census for Falls County, Texas, film 1255302, p. 252C, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT.
CHAPTER 11
1. Marlin Bicentennial Heritage Committee, Marlin 1851–1976 (Marlin, TX: Marlin Chamber of Commerce, 1976), 17.
2. Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of African Americans in Texas, 1528–1994 (Norman: Univer
sity of Oklahoma Press, 1996), 83.
3. Lillian Schiller St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1951), 51.
4. Barr, Black Texans, 58.
5. Obituary of Eldridge Alexander Tomlinson, Marlin Democrat, August 1936.
6. Homer K. Davidson, Black Jack Davidson: A Cavalry Commander on the Western Frontier (Glendale, CA: Arthur Clark, 1974), 33.
7. H. Allen Anderson, entry on George Washington Arrington, at http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/far20 (accessed May 26, 2012).
8. Davidson, Black Jack Davidson, 227.
9. Anderson, entry on George Washington Arrington, at http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/far20.
10. Obituary of Eldridge Alexander Tomlinson, Marlin Democrat, August 1936.
11. Marjorie Rogers, “Beloved Pioneer and Leader Expires Tuesday,” Marlin Democrat, January 23, 1943.
12. St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas, 69.
13. Barr, Black Texans, 83.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1880 Census for Falls County, Texas, film 1255302, p. 252C, Family History Library, Salt Lake City, UT.
17. St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas, 62.
18. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1880 Census for Falls County, Texas, film 1255302, p. 252C.
19. Barr, Black Texans, 99.
20. St. Romain, Western Falls County, Texas, 111.
21. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins (Marlin: Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, 1947), 186.
22. Falls County Historial Commission, Families of Falls County (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 1987), 454.
23. Barr, Black Texans, 100.
24. Old Settlers and Veterans Association of Falls County, Texas, History of Falls County, Texas, ed. Roy Eddins, 172.
25. Alwyn Barr, Reconstruction to Reform: Texas Politics, 1876–1906 (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1971), 82.
26. Barr, Black Texans, 73.
27. Ibid., 75.
28. Ibid., 77.
29. Booker T. Washington, “Booker T. Washington Delivers the 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech,” available at http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/39/ (accessed October 6, 2012).
30. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537; U.S. Supreme Court decision rendered May 18, 1896.
31. Barr, Black Texans, 102.
32. J. M. Kennedy, editorial, Marlin Democrat, May 20, 1897.
33. “Violence at Leonard,” Dallas Morning News, August 16–22, 1897.
34. Ibid.
35. J. M. Kennedy, editorial, Marlin Democrat, August 25, 1897.
Tomlinson Hill Page 40
