and Mandela, 296–97
and Middle East, 332, 335, 339, 343, 370, 372, 373, 375, 392, 397–98, 400–401, 455, 461, 463–67, 472, 478, 480, 483
oath of office, 19
and “the Obama effect,” 206
and Pakistan, 198
as President-elect, 11–19
and presidential race (2008), 3–4, 5, 6, 8, 10
and primaries (2008), 1–2, 3–4, 8, 15, 22, 420
reelection of, 591
and Russia, 230, 232–34, 235, 236, 238, 242, 243–44
and Secretary of State offer to Hillary Clinton, 12, 15–18, 19, 420
Senate campaign of, 2
West Point speech by, 147–49, 159, 163
Obama, Michelle, 8, 9, 297
Obama, Sasha and Malia, 8
Obama Administration:
Cabinet and team members, 22–25
and China, 68, 432
and drone strikes, 183–84, 185
and Iran, 416, 419, 420, 421, 423–25, 427–29, 433–34, 436, 438–39, 442, 445–46
and Israel/Palestine, 304–5, 306, 313, 315–17, 320, 321, 322, 326–27
Presidential Policy Directives, 534
and reelection, 591–92
Oberly, Kay, 34
O’Connor, Michael, 598
Odinga, Raila Amolo, 278
O’Leary, Ann, 600
Oliver, Mary, 589
Olmert, Ehud, 301, 305, 306
Olsson, Kurt, 378–79, 414, 599
Oman:
Hillary Clinton’s travel to, 334, 336–37
and Iran, 416–17, 419, 434–38, 442, 444–45
Omar, Mullah, 130, 157, 158, 165
O’Meara, Joy, 598
O’Neill, Peter, 569
One World Clean Energy, 295
Open Skies Agreements, 516
Operation Cast Lead, 304
Operation Eagle Claw, 192, 193
Operation Neptune Spear, 194
Operation Pillar of Defense, 477
Operation Tomodachi, 48
Operation Unified Protector, 377
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 570
Organization for Security and Cooperation, 554
Organization of American States (OAS), 256–59, 262–64, 266, 268, 433, 542–43
Organization of Islamic Cooperation, 140, 574
Ortega, Daniel, 263
Orwell, George, 103, 110
Oslo Peace Accords, 301, 303, 305, 307
Otero, Maria, 599
Ottoman Empire, 214
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), 539
Pacific Alliance, 254
Pacific Island Forum, 497
Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza Shah, 341, 417
Pakistan:
Afghanistan border with, 131–32, 146, 155–56, 171, 198, 199, 233, 237
al Qaeda in, 138, 148, 164, 171, 183, 186–87
bin Laden in, 164, 165, 192, 193
counterterrorism in, 189
drone attacks in, 183–84, 185
economic hardship in, 176, 198
Hillary Clinton’s travel to, 176–77
and India, 59, 140, 156, 171, 178, 185, 186
ISI, 154, 171
soldiers killed by U.S. forces in (2011), 198–99
sovereignty of, 171, 186, 197, 198–99
Taliban in, 131, 151, 154, 156, 164, 171, 175, 178, 181, 186, 198, 237
terrorism in, 59, 176, 180–81, 182–87, 188, 197, 199
trade with Afghanistan, 155–58
USAID in, 141, 182
U.S. relationship with, 18, 171, 176, 178–80, 181–82, 185–87, 193, 197–99
Palestinian Territories:
birth rate in, 312
and Camp David Accords, 338, 473, 484
and cease-fire, 349
and East Jerusalem, 317, 319, 320, 328
and elections, 309
and Fatah, 309, 472
flag of, 301, 325
and Gaza, see Gaza Strip
and Hamas, see Hamas
Hillary Clinton’s travel to, 482–83
and Israel, 301–30
and Palestinian Authority, 474
and statehood, 304, 311, 312, 326, 328, 329, 482–83
and terrorism, 304, 308, 315, 472
and two-state solution, 305–6, 307, 311, 320, 325, 338, 487
and West Bank, 308–11, 317–18, 322
Palestinian Authority (PA), 308–11, 315, 472, 474, 482–83
Palestinian Islamic Jihad, 473, 476
Palestinian Liberation Organization, 309
Palin, Sarah, 11, 354
Pally, Maura, 600
Panama, trade agreement with, 254, 515
Pan Am Flight 103, Lockerbie, 365
Pandith, Farah, 599
Panetta, Leon:
and Afghanistan/Pakistan, 167, 184, 188
and Benghazi, 405, 407
and bin Laden operation, 191, 192, 196
and CIA, 187–89
and counterterrorism measures, 187–90
as Defense Secretary, 44, 167
and Middle East unrest, 388, 392, 462, 476–77
and New Zealand ships, 44
Papua New Guinea, 568–69
Parks, Rosa, 558, 565
Partners in Health, 540
Pascual, Carlos, 252, 439, 441, 598
Pastrana, Andrés, 252
Pataki, George E., 172
Patel, Nirav, 598
Patterson, Anne, 388, 485
Paulson, Hank, 43, 72
Peace Corps, 277, 534
Pelosi, Nancy, 11
PEPFAR (President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief), 291–93, 537, 578
Peres, Shimon, 305–6
Perl, Liz, 598
Persian Gulf, 351–60, 361
and Arab Spring protests, 355
Gulf Cooperation Council, 352, 358–60, 438–39
Gulf War (1991), 351, 438, 477
and Iran, 421
and Muslim Brotherhood, 475
and oil, 440
and Syria, 450, 452, 453, 462
U.S. military support in, 352, 355, 438
see also specific nations
Peru:
mass transit in, 255
and Pacific Alliance, 254
Pesaru, Shilpa, 600
Petraeus, David, 41
and Afghanistan/Pakistan, 133, 139–40
and CIA, 392, 413
and COIN, 135–36, 138
and Iraq, 133–34, 135–36
and Syria, 462–63
Philip Morris, 510
Philippines:
elections in, 60
and South China Sea, 74, 75, 113
U.S. alliance with, 44, 75, 113
Pickering, Thomas, 406–7
Pinochet, Augusto, 261
Pitsuwan, Surin, 52
Podesta, John, 16, 598
Poehler, Amy, 231
Poland:
shale gas extraction in, 241
Solidarity in, 566
Porat, Yochai, 303
Posner, Michael, 112, 519, 598
Powell, Colin, 31, 41, 135, 425, 477
Powell, Nancy, 599
Power, Samantha, 370
Prague Spring, 566
Pray the Devil Back to Hell (documentary), 275
presidential elections:
(2008), 3, 8–11, 16
(2012), 591
(2016), 595–96
Préval, René, 529, 531–32, 536, 542–43, 544
Prikhodko, Sergei, 425
Prosser, Julia, 598
Putin, Vladimir, 212, 228–30
and Central Asia, 237, 238–39
and Crimea, 227, 236, 241–42
and Eurasian Union, 239
Hillary Clinton’s meetings with, 229–30, 242–44
and KGB, 231
and LGBT, 577
return to power, 235–36, 238–39
and Russian expansionism, 236, 239, 244–45, 503
and
Syria, 455, 466–67
and term limits, 230
and Ukraine, 241, 451
Qaboos, Sultan of Iran, 416
Qaddafi, Muammar, 357, 358, 359, 360, 363–75, 379, 460, 555
capture and death of, 388
fall from power, 381, 383, 450
Qaddafi, Saif al-Islam, 364
Qatar, 351
and Al Jazeera, 318
Forum for the Future conference in, 331, 337
and Gaza, 474–76, 479
geography of, 475
Hillary Clinton’s travel to, 334
influence of, 475
and Libya, 371, 376
and Syria, 453, 463
Taliban in, 164–65, 166, 168
U.S. relationship with, 475
Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review, 551
Quam, Lois, 599
Quartet, 323
Qureshi, Shah Mahmood, 180–81, 199
Rabbani, Burhanuddin, 154
Rabin, Leah, 303
Rabin, Yitzhak, 303, 305, 323, 324, 330
Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashemi, 443
Ramesh, Jairam, 495
Randolph, Lawrence, 599
Rapp, Stephen, 599
Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 212, 376, 500
Reagan, Nancy, 10
Reagan, Ronald, 207, 234, 365
Redelfs, Arthur, 250
Reid, Harry, 17, 144, 234
Reidy, Carolyn, 598
Reines, Philippe, 12–13, 232, 592, 597
Reinfeldt, Fredrik, 500
religious freedom, 574–75
Reynoso, Julissa, 599
Rezaei, Mohsen, 443
Rhodes, Ben, 114, 468, 480, 598
Rhorer, Richard, 598
Rice, Condoleezza, 31, 35, 231, 262, 332, 366, 593
Rice, Susan, 598
and Iran, 428, 432–33
and Libya, 370, 371, 372, 412–13
and North Korea, 54
as UN Ambassador, 23–24, 54, 412, 427
Richard, Anne, 599
Ride, Sally, 309
Riedel, Bruce, 132
Riedel review, 141, 151, 153, 157
Robinson, John, 599
Robinson, Peter, 225
Rodham, Dorothy, 6, 67, 81, 586–89
Rodham, Hugh (brother), 252, 588
Rodham, Hugh (father), 525, 587
Rodham, Tony (brother), 588
Rodriguez, Miguel, 599
Romney, Mitt, 94, 307
Rooney, Megan, 331–32, 580, 581, 582, 598
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 111, 179, 564, 567, 573
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 81, 562, 564
Roosevelt, Theodore, 2
Rosenthal, Hannah, 599
Ross, Alec, 546, 549, 598
Ross, Dennis, 314, 436, 598
Rothberg, Adam, 598
Rouhani, Hassan, 443–45
Rousseff, Dilma, 260–61, 555
Roy, Stapleton, 46
Rudd, Kevin, 43–44, 553–54
Ruggiero, Frank, 157–58, 162, 164–65, 598
Rumsfeld, Donald, 205
Russia, 227–45
anti-gay laws in, 577
and Arctic Council, 502, 503
attacks on the press in, 229, 230
Boeing Design Center, Moscow, 516
and Central Asia, 237, 238–39
and China, 243, 245
and Crimea, 212, 227, 230, 236, 239–42, 363
demographic crisis in, 550
economy of, 229
elections in, 235–36
as energy source, 219, 229, 239–41, 242, 521
expansionism in, 211, 229, 236, 239, 244–45, 503
and Georgia, 229, 231, 236, 239, 451
Hillary Clinton’s radio interview in, 229–30
and Iran, 233, 243, 424–25, 427–29, 431, 433
and Libya, 370, 371–72, 450–51
and Mongolia, 61–62
and Northern Distribution Network, 237–39
and North Korea, 55
nuclear treaty with, 233, 234, 243
and the Quartet, 323
reset with, 231–38, 243–44
re-Sovietization of, 239, 241–42, 245
and Syria, 236, 243, 449, 450, 452, 454–57, 458, 459–61, 466–69
and technology, 557
and Turkey, 219
and Ukraine, 227, 239–42, 451, 521
U.S. relationship with, 230–32, 237–38, 243–45
Russo, Robert, 600
Russo, Seth, 598
Rwanda, genocide in, 369
Saberi, Roxana, 422
Sadat, Anwar, 323, 338
Said al Said, Sultan Qaboos bin, 336
Salazar, Ken, 503
Salcido Ceniceros, Jorge Alberto, 250
Saleh, Ali Abdullah, 335, 355
Salisbury, Lord, 208
Sall, Macky, 273
Samuelson, Heather, 598
Sand, Maria, 599
Santos, Juan Manuel, 253
Santos, Marina, 600
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 208, 209, 364, 368, 372–75, 425, 500
Saturday Night Live, 231
Saudi Arabia:
and Bahrain, 357–59
child marriage in, 352
as Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, 315
and energy resources, 521
Hillary Clinton’s travel to, 353–55
Iran assassination plot against, 437
Khobar Towers bombing (1996), 418, 419
and Qatar, 476
and September 11 attacks, 351
social welfare programs in, 355
and Syria, 450, 453, 463
U.S. consulate attacked in, 384
U.S. relationship with, 351, 354
women restricted in, 352–53, 354–55
Savage, Dan, 578
Schell, Orville, 46–47
Schumer, Chuck, 17, 172–73
Schwartz, Eric, 599
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 335
Schwerin, Dan, 331–32, 597
SCIF (Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility), 35
Scott (DS agent in Benghazi), 390–91
SEALs:
and bin Laden, 164, 170–71, 174, 193–97
intelligence work of, 199
Secretary of State:
air travel of, 39–41; see also specific nations
avoiding domestic politics, 591
confirmation hearing, 30, 34–35
economic statecraft of, 509
and employee security, 384–85, 393–94, 406–10, 411
and foreign policy architecture, 33
former Secretaries, 31–32
Hillary Clinton’s last day as, 593–94
job offer of, 12–18, 19
office suite of, 35
passing the baton of, 593–94
and public opinion, 179
roles of, 21–22, 33–34, 508–9, 515–16, 566, 591
as senior Cabinet post, 15, 68
and smart power, 33–34, 45, 153, 290, 551, 552
transition team for, 30–31
working with the President, 18–19
see also State Department, U.S.
Seeds of Peace, 304
SelectUSA, 516
Selleck, Michael, 598
Senegal:
constitutional crisis in, 272–74
Hillary Clinton’s speech in, 272
Senussi, Abdullah al-, 364
Seow, Jackie, 598
September 11 attacks:
and al Qaeda, 132, 148, 163, 171, 172–74, 175, 183, 197
anniversaries of, 386–87, 390, 400
and bin Laden, 171, 174, 351
and Bush Administration, 131, 178, 419
and emergency relief, 173, 532
and European support, 205
and failed states, 286
and Ground Zero, 172, 174
and Iran, 419
9/11 Commission, 174
and Saudi Arabia, 351
and Victims Compensation Fund, 174
and War on Terror, 174–75, 189, 197, 228
Serbia, 221–23
Seward, William Henry, 13–14
Shafik, Ahmed, 347
Shah, Rajiv, 527, 538–39, 598
Shaheen, Jeanne, 279
Shailor, Barbara, 599
Shalit, Gilad, 315
Shannon, Tom, 262–63, 265, 267–68, 598
Shapiro, Andrew, 438, 598
Shapiro, Dan, 477
Sharon, Ariel, 312
Sheikh Ahmed, Sharif, 287–88, 289
Sherman, Wendy, 444–45, 599
Shields, Colin, 598
Shillady, Rev. William, 81, 588
Shinseki, Eric, 148
Shourd, Sarah, 435, 436
Shultz, George, 31, 35
Shwe Mann, 117, 122
Sikorski, Rados_aw, 240, 241
Sinai Peninsula, 473–74, 476
Singapore, and South China Sea, 113
Singh, Manmohan, 59, 492, 499
Sinn Féin, 224
Sisi, Abdul-Fattah el-, 349–50
Six Day War, 301, 473
Slaughter, Anne-Marie, 550, 598
Smith, Chris, 95
Smith, Dan, 599
Smith, Fred, 512
Smith, Jeannemarie, 599
Smith, Sean, 382, 389, 390–91, 395, 398, 399, 401, 405, 410, 415
Smith, Stephen, 43–44
Snowden, Edward, 244, 555–56
Solidarity Center, 517
Somalia, 286–91
Al Shabaab in, 175, 199, 278, 286–89, 290, 467
“Black Hawk Down” incident in, 286
as classic failed state, 286
elections in, 287, 289
Mogadishu in, 195, 286
pirates based in, 286, 288
and terrorism, 286–87, 288, 289, 290–91
transitional government in, 289
Somaly Mam, 517
Somare, Sir Michael, 568–69
Sonenshine, Tara, 599
South Africa:
apartheid in, 295
and climate change, 495, 499
economic growth in, 495
HIV/AIDS in, 291–93, 295
and Mandela, 119, 293–98
Robben Island in, 294
South China Sea, 74–76, 78–79, 113–14, 521
Southern Corridor pipeline, 240
South Korea:
Cheonan incident, 56
and climate change, 494
democracy in, 60
and DMZ, 57
Hillary Clinton’s travel to, 50–51, 53–58
and Iran, 440
trade agreement with, 515
U.S. alliance with, 44, 46
South Sudan, 283–86
independence of, 283
oil in, 283–84, 285, 440, 520, 521
Soviet Union:
collapse of, 227, 228, 407, 567
withdrawal from Afghanistan (1989), 21, 131, 147, 178, 186, 233, 461, 537
see also Russia
Stark, Tyler, 375–76
State Department, U.S.:
academic exchanges supported by, 221, 336, 354
Accountability Review Board, 406–10
aviation diplomacy, 516
Bureau of Energy Resources, 439
Cabinet post, 15, 68; see also Secretary of State
career professionals in, 26–30, 135, 414
Hard Choices Page 81
