Menon, Macedonian satrap 78
Orchomenos 45
Mentor 51
Ordanes 89
Merv 121, see also Alexandria-in-Margiane
Orestes, Macedonian king 6, 7
Mesopotamia 80, 112, 116–17, 132, 133
Orestis 2, 6, 12, 28, 31, map 1
Messembria 52
Oreus 54
Messenia 17, 49, 50, 63, 79, 95, 140
Orontes, Armenian king 143, 177
Methone 2, 13, 24, 29, 31
Orxines, satrap 88, 89
Miletos 72, 76, 113, 154, 168, 175, map 1
Ouranopolis 123
Mithradates, Pontis king 145, 163, 172
Oxathres 88
Mitylene 73, 76
Oxyartes, father of Roxane, satrap 82, 94, 101
Molossi 29, 48
Monounios, Illyrian king 166, 169
Paeonians 15, 25, 27, 28, 31, 52, 173
Mounychia 110, 140
Pagasai 37, 38, 48, 142
Mycenae 9
Palestine 77, 78
Myndos 115
Pammenes 19, 23, 36, 40, 44
Pamphylia 75, 116
Nabarzanes, Persian chiliarchos 81
Pangaion, Mount 4, 32
Nandas, Indian dynasty 21, 101
Panauches 150
Neapolis 32, 36, 38, 39
Paphlagonia 76, 77, 99, 144, map 2
Nearchos of Crete, satrap 75, 84
Paraitakene 88
Neoptolemos, Epirote king 139
Parauaea 41, 141
Nikaia, daughter of Antipater 96, 159
Parmenion 31, 42, 65, 66–7, 68, 69, 70–2, 75,
Nikaia, Malis 60–1
77, 81, 85, 88
Nikanor, satrap of Media 108, 112, 116, 122
Paropamisadai 94, 101, 108, 116, 130
Nikesipolis, wife of Philip II 38, 93, 107
Parthia 88, 94, 108
A L E X A N D E R T H E G R E AT F A I L U R E
234
Parysatis, wife of Alexander III 93
Philinna, wife of Philip II 30, 41
Pataliputra 21
Philip II, Macedonian king 11, 13, 17, 19,
Patara 115
22–3, 34, 40, 50, 65–6, 152, 175–6; accession
Patrokles 113, 146, 155
14–15; alliance with Athens 44, 47, 59;
Pausanias, son of Archelaos 6–7, 12, 15, 24
army 25–8, 34–5, 37; fi rst war with Athens
Pausanias, murderer of Philip II 66–7, 68
35–6, 38–9, 42–5; hegemon of League of
Peiraios 96, 140, 154, 180
Corinth 63, 64; and Illyrians 47, 65; initial
Peisis of Thespiai 143
victories 24–5, 28–32; governing system
Peitholaos 37–8, 41
33–5; kingdom and conquests 30, 39–42, 45,
Peithon, satrap 94, 97, 103, 105–6, 108, 192
59, map 1; murder 66–7; peacetime confl ict
Peithon son of Agenor, satrap 108, 112
with Athens 47, 49–50, 53–5; and Persian
Pelagonia 2, 3, 13, map 1
Empire 40, 51, 55, 56, 59, 64, 65; and Sacred
Pella, Macedon 6, 8, 10, 12, 35, 41, 43–4,
War 44, 47, 50, 60; second war with Athens
141–2, 148; map 1, 3
57, 59–62; and Sparta 49; and Thebes 35–6,
Pella, Syria 123
43–4; and Thessaly 29–30, 31–2, 36–8, 42–3,
Pelopidas 11, 12, 13, 17
47–8, 64; and Thrace 20, 24, 36, 38–9, 43–4,
Pelusion 96
51–3, 55–6, 60, 64; wives 28–9, 30, 38, 41,
Perdikkas II, son of Alexander I 5–6, 8, 9, 10
52, 65
Perdikkas III, king of Macedon, 1 11–15, 20,
Philip III Arrhidaios, Macedonian king 93,
23, 25, 27
94, 106
Perdikkas, regent 93, 94, 95, 96–7, 99, 104
Philip IV, king of Macedon 41, 139
Pergamon 138, 162, 168, 175, 182, maps 1, 4
Philip, son of Alexander I 5–6
Perinthos 38, 55, 56–7, 59, 64, map 1
Philip, satrap 94
Perrhaibia 34, 38, 48
Philippi 32, 33, 34, 52, 90, 142, 152, map 1
Persepolis 21, 55, 70, 79, 80, 108, 177, map 3
Philippopolis 35, 52, 90, 152
Persian Empire 20–1, 36, 51, 55, 119; and
Philippos, satrap 91
Alexander III 70–1, 189–90; army 26, 40,
Philippos, son of Antigonos 115
71; dynastic crisis 64–5; fl eet 72, 76, 77; and
Philokles, Sidonian king 153
Philip II 40, 51, 64; see also Akhaimenid
Philokrates 42, 44
Empire
Philotas 81
Persians 94
Philotera, daughter of Ptolemy I 179
Persis 88, 106, 108, 122, 177
Philoxenos, son of Ptolemy of Aloros 12
Phalaikos 43, 44–5
Phoenicia 105, 109, 115
Pharismenes 88
Phokis 35–7, 42–5, 50, 60, 61, 111, 139, 143,
Pharnabazos 76, 77, 79
154, 171
Pharsalos 42
Phrasaortes, satrap 88
Phaselis 115
Phrataphernes, satrap 88, 94
Phayllos 37
Phrygia 75, 97, 119–20, 123, 138, map 2
Pherai 30, 31, 35–7, 38, 41, 47–8, 129, map 1
Phthiotic Thebes 128
Phila, daughter of Derdas, wife of Philip II
Pieria 2, 5, 34–5
29
Pisidia, Pisidians 116, 118
Phila, daughter of Antipater 153
Pleistarchos, brother of Kassander 133,
Phila, daughter of Seleukos 145, 168, 181
137–8
Philetairos 138, 160–1, 162, 163, 168, 182
Pleurias, Illyrian king 65
I N D E X
235
Polemaios, nephew of Antigonos 109, 111,
Sabiktas, Macedonian satrap (?) 76
112, 115, 116
Sacred War 24, 35–6, 37–8
Polyperchon, regent 103–7, 109, 113–14,
Salamis 124–5, 128, 141
115–17
Samaria 125, map 2
Pontos 145, 163, 168–9, 182, 189, map 2
Samarkhand 146
Poros, Indian king 101
Samnites 100, 101
Porthmos 50
Samos 73, 76, 91, 96, map 1
Potidaia 2, 13, 30–1, 39, 53–4, 122
Sardinia 18
Priene 137, 154, 175
Sardis 72, 75, 77, 116, 154, 162, maps 1, 4
Propontis 51, 55, 56, 59, 132
Seleukeia-on-the-Tigris, Babylonia 122,
Ptolemais, daughter of Ptolemy I 154, 158
123–4
Ptolemais, Egypt 121
Seleukeia, Syria 121, 134–5
Ptolemy I, king 96–7, 103, 104–5, 107–8, 116–
Seleukos I, king 94, 97, 105–7, 128, 173; army
17, 121, 134, 145, 152, 163–4, 193; army 118,
130, 134, 149, 162, 163; and campaign of
131; and campaign of Ipsos 129–33, map 4;
Ipsos 129–33, map 4; city founding 121–2,
and Demetrios 137, 141, 151–4; fl eet 118,
123–4, 134–5, 149–50, 152; dispute with
149; governing system 118, 119; proclaimed
Ptolemy 133–4, 162; and Demetrios 134,
king 128; and Seleukos 133–5, 161; and
136–7, 138, 140, 145–6, 151–2, 155; and
succession 158–9, 161, 173, 179; and Syria
eastern provinces 117, 124, 130, 176–7, 187,
109, 111–12, 131, 133, 135, 153; wars with
192; governing system 121–2, 149, 163; and
Antigonos 109–12,
115–16, 124, 128–9, 131;
Lysimachos 160–2; and Macedon 163–4;
wives 154, 158, 179
and Syria 133–4, 145; war with Antigonos
Ptolemy II, king 150, 158–9, 161–2, 164, 166,
107–8, 109–10, 111–13, 115–17; wives 130,
167–9, 175–6, 178–9, 181, 185
134–5, 145–6
Ptolemy Keraunos, king of Macedon 158,
Selymbria 55, 56
160, 161–2, 164, 165–6, 170, 179
Sestos 38, 51
Ptolemy of Aloros 11–13, 23, 96
Sibyrtios, satrap 117
Ptolemy of Telmessos, son of Lysimachos 160,
Sicily 18, 100, 128, 185–6
166
Side 75
Ptolemy, Macedonian claimant 170, 172
Sidon 51, 77, 78, 133, 135, 137, 140, 153
Ptolemy, son of Pyrrhos 180
Sikyon 115, 116, 117, 129
Pydna 2, 6, 13, 29, 30, 36, 106
Sinai 51, 131, 150
Pyrrhos, Epirote king 139, 141, 147, 150–1,
Sinope 145
153–4, 157–8, 165–166, 168, 179–81, 185–6
Sitalkes 88
Pytheion 34–5
Siwah 78
Smyrna 123
Qin, Chinese state 102, 187
Sogdiana 82, 101, 108, 117
Soli 78
Rhagai 121
Sosthenes, Macedonian commander 170
Rhodes 55, 59, 113, 151, maps 1, 4
Spain 18
Rhoetion 71
Sparta 6, 8, 9, 17, 38, 43, 47, 49–51, 61, 63, 64,
Rome 19, 21, 99–100, 101–2, 185–7
70–1, 73, 79–80, 89, 95, 100, 180, 186, 191,
Roxane, wife of Alexander III 82, 93, 94, 101,
map 1
106, 107, 109, 116
Spitamenes 82, 130, 145
A L E X A N D E R T H E G R E AT F A I L U R E
236
Spithridates, satrap 71
Therme 2
Stasanor, satrap 117, 192
Thermopylai 38, 39, 43, 44–5, 60–1, 68, 95, 171
Stateira, wife of Alexander III 93
Thessalonika 122
Straits 51, 53, 59, 12, 113, 129, 133
Thessalonike, daughter of Philip II 93, 107,
Stratonike, daughter of Demetrios I 134, 135,
118, 139, 141
145–6
Thessaly, Thessalians 7, 9, 11, 14, 17, 61, 68,
Strymon R. 4, 35, 52
95, 114, 129, 131, 142, 147, 157, 171; and
Susa 20, 55, 79, 94, 105, 108, 159
Philip II 29–30, 31, 35–6, 42–3, 54, map 1
Susiana 88, 97, 107, 108, 122, 177
Thrace, Thracians 6, 7, 13, 68, 78–9, 170,
Synnada 123
171; and Philip II 20, 24, 36, 38–9; and
Syracuse 18–19, 100
Lysimachos 108, 114, 130, 131, 142, 160;
Syria 20, 76, 78, 97, 109, 111–12, 121, 131,
maps 1, 2, 5
133–4, 145, 167, 178, 181
Thyateira 175
Tigris R. 112
Tainaron, cape 89, 90, 91, 94–5
Timoleon 100
Taras 100, 166, 185
Timotheos 13
Taurus mountains 132, 141, 145, 155, 161
Triballi, Thracian tribe 52, 60, 68, 170
Taxiles, Indian king 101
Triparadeisos 97, 98, 101, 103, 107, 108
Telesphoros, nephew of Antigonos 110, 112,
Tripolis 76
113
Troy 71
Telmessos 166
Tymphaia 2
Teos, Ionia 123
Tyre 77, 78, 101, 109, 111–12, 133, 135, 137,
Teos, Pontos 169
140, 149, 153; maps 2, 3, 4
Teres, son of Amadokos, Thracian king
51–2
Upper Macedon 2, 3–4, 28–9, 33, 66, 91
Termessos 103
Upper Satrapies 121
Thapsakos 117; see also Zeugma
Uxii 88
Thebes 11, 12, 13, 17–18, 19, 23, 25, 34, 36,
51, 68, 69, 71, 79, 147, 191; and Sacred War
Xanthos 115
35–6, 43–4, 47; war with Philip II 60–3;
Xenophon 40
restored by Kassander 110, 122, 124; map 1;
see also Boiotia
Zariaspes 89
Themison 123, 138
Zeugma 117, 135; see also Thapsakos
Themisonion 123, 175
Zipoites, Bithynian king 144, 172
Thermaic Gulf 2, 6, 29, 122
Zipoites, son of Zipoetes 172
Document Outline
Contents
List of maps
List of genealogies
List of abbreviations
Introduction
1 Macedon 370–359 BC: a failing state World view I: 360 BC
2 The security of Macedon, 359–354 BC
3 The defence of the kingdom, 354–346 BC
4 Cold war, 346–340 BC
5 The conquest of Greece, 340–334 BC
6 The great campaign, 334–325 BC
7 The united empire, 325–319 BC World view II: 319 BC
8 Antigonos the One-Eyed, 319–311 BC
9 The new king, 311–306 BC
10 Antigonos’ failure, 306–298 BC
11 New kings for Macedon, 298–291 BC
12 King Demetrios and his enemies, 291–285 BC
13 The last chance for the empire, 285–281 BC
14 New kings, and disaster, 281–277 BC
15 The new world, 277–272 BC World view III: 272 BC
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Index A
B
C
D
E
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
X
Z
Alexander the Great Failure Page 38
