by Martin Geck
Dresdner Anzeiger, 129
Dresdner Tageblatt, 34
Dürer, Albrecht (1471–1528): Melencolia I, 253
Dusapin, Pascal (b. 1955), 110
Eberhardt’s Allgem. Polizei-Anzeiger, 126
Eco, Umberto (b. 1932), 259
Edda (Poetic and Prose), 160, 226. See also Völuspá
Eike von Repgau (fl. 1209–33): Sachsenspiegel, 300
Eisenstein, Sergei (1898–1948), 218, 223, 225–27
Works: Battleship Potemkin, 227; “Incarnation of Myth, The,” 226–27
Eiser, Otto (1834–98), 388n10
Eisleben, 2
Eisler, Hanns (1898–1962), 225
Elena Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Russia (1807–73), 93
Ellis, William Ashton (1853–1919), 156, 172
Engels, Friedrich (1820–95), 32
Writings: Communist Manifesto, 162
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (b. 1929): Sinking of the Titanic, The, 136
Escher, Alfred (1819–82), 146
Essen, 179
Ette, Wolfram (b. 1966), 213
Europa, 48
Fabre, Jan (b. 1958), 90
Feuerbach, Ludwig (1804–72), 132, 134
Figaro, Le, 356
Fleming, Paul (1609–40), 240
Flimm, Jürgen (b. 1941), 314
Flotow, Friedrich von (1812–83): Martha, 130
Fontane, Emilie (1824–1902), 200
Fontane, Theodor (1819–98), 201, 267
Writings: L’adultera, 200; Effi Briest, 244
Forman, Alfred (1840–1925), 154
Förster, Bernhard (1843–89), 326
Foucault, Michel (1926–84), 162, 258
Francis of Assisi (1181/82–1226), 307
Franco-Prussian War, 311
Frank, Manfred (b. 1945), 163, 174, 212, 213
Frankfurt: National Assembly, 129, 130
Frankfurter Zeitung, 143
Frantz, Constantin (1817–91), 322
Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939), 53, 250
Freyer, Achim (b. 1934), 166, 168
Freytag, Gustav (1816–95), 267, 289
Fried, Johannes (b. 1942), xiii Friedrich, Sven (b. 1963), 365
Friedrich August II, king of Saxony (1797–1854), 128–29
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, king of Prussia (1795–1861), 103, 130
Fröbel, Julius (1805–93), 130
Frommann, Alwine (1800–75), 288
Furtwängler, Wilhelm (1886–1954), 108, 110, 317
Gaillard, Karl (1813–51), 5, 72
Gautier, Judith (1845–1917), xi
Gay, Peter (b. 1923), 242
Gazette musicale, 48
Gegenwart, Die, 289
George, Stefan (1868–1933), 271
Gesamtkunstwerk, xvii, 9, 22, 64, 78, 124, 152, 153, 176, 186, 215, 227, 260, 316, 353, 358, 359, 363, 365, 366; and Hegel, 174; in life as well as art, xiii–xiv; Nietzsche’s backing for, 12, 255
Geyer, Cäcilie. See Avenarius, Cäcilie
Geyer, Karl (1791–1831), 2
Geyer, Ludwig (1779–1821), 8; influence on RW’s early life and career, 1–2, 3, 4
Gfrörer, August Friedrich (1803–61): Critical History of Early Christianity, 320
Ghent, 170
Gide, André (1869–1951), 321
Gießen, 320
Gilbert, Stuart (1883–1969), 226
Gluck, Christoph Willibald (1714–87), 151
Glucksmann, André (b. 1937), 348
Gobineau, Joseph-Arthur de (1816–82), 170, 322
Writings: Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, 170
Goehr, Lydia (b. 1960), 264, 270
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749–1832): and Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier, 196; friend of Adolf Wagner, 3; friend of Friedrich Wagner, 3; and Mendelssohn, 18; Thomas Mann compares to RW, 161; and Valmy, 135
Writings: Egmont, 9; Faust, xiv, 3, 31–32, 160, 341, 345; Götz von Berlichingen, 6; Wilhelm Meister, 268
Gossec, François-Joseph (1734–1829), 358
Gottfried von Strassburg (fl. 1210), 232, 240, 388n13
Gounod, Charles (1818–93): La rédemption, 323
Gozzi, Carlo (1720–1806): Donna serpente, La, 11
Graf, Max (1873–1958), 53
grand opera, 25, 30, 33, 38, 42, 43, 49–51, 64, 73, 78, 81, 118, 200
Graz, 170
Greek antiquity as an inspiration, 6, 7, 18, 103, 133, 148, 151, 152, 153, 156, 158–59, 161, 224, 359; Greek chorus, 152, 153, 158, 212
Gregor-Dellin, Martin (1926–88), xi, xiv, 134
Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1821–91), 268
Grenzboten, Die, 267
Grey, Thomas, 251
Griepenkerl, Wolfgang Robert (1810–68): Musikfest oder die Beethovener, Das, 33
Grimm, Jacob (1785–1863): Teutonic Mythology, 160
Gutman, Robert W. (b. 1925), 326
Halévy, Jacques-Fromental (1799–1862), 24, 48
Works: Guitarrero, Le, 48; Juive, La, 32, 48; Reine de Chypre, La, 48
Hamburg: Hamburg Opera, 91, 110, 314, 352
Hamp, Anton [Pater Petrus], 321
Hanfstaengl, Franz (1804–77), 198, 228, 318
Hanover, 34
Hanslick, Eduard (1825–1904), 176, 186–87, 255, 272, 285
Härtling, Peter (b. 1933), 254
Heckel, Emil (1831–1908), 295
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831), 148, 163, 348; critique of the individual arts, 173–74
Writings: Faith and Knowledge, 148
Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976), 242, 254
Heine, Ferdinand (1798–1872), 51
Heine, Heinrich (1797–1856): critical of artistic conditions, 49; and RW, 65–67, 69
Writings: Aus den Memoiren des Herren von Schnabelewopski, 50, 66, 105; Beiden Grenadiere, Die, 66
Heine, Mathilde née Mirat (1815–83), 67
Heisenberg, Werner (1901–76), xiii
heldentenor, 43
Hell, Theodor (1775–1856) and Joseph Schubert (1757–1837): Beiden Galeerensklaven, oder Die Mühle von Saint Alderon, Die, 4
Henry I (“Henry the Fowler”), duke of Saxony and king of East Franconia (ca. 876–936), 100, 101, 102, 105
Herder, Johann Gottfried (1744–1803), 219
Herwegh, Georg (1817–75), 162
Herz, Joachim (1924–2010): on Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, 269, 270; production of the Ring in Leipzig, 140, 192
Herzfeld, Gregor (b. 1975), 292
Herzl, Theodor (1860–1904), 197
Herzog, Werner (b. 1942), 121
Herzogenberg, Elisabeth von (1847–92), 329
Hiller, Antolka née Hogé (1820–96), 43
Hiller, Ferdinand (1811–85), 43
Hinrichsen, Hans-Joachim (b. 1952), 216
Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945): and Lohengrin, 108–10; pact with Stalin, 227; and Rienzi, 31, 40, 197
Writings: Mein Kampf, 108
Hoffmann, E. T. A. (1776–1822): admiration for Mozart, 358; friend of Friedrich Wagner, 3; as Hans Sachs-like figure, 271; on “musical painting,” 89; music as the Romantic art par excellence, 54
Writings: Tomcat Murr, 53; Kreisleriana, 53
Hoffmann von Fallersleben, August Heinrich (1798–1874), 265
Hofmann, Leopold Friedrich von (1822–85), 101
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (1874–1929), 271, 272
Works: Der Rosenkavalier, 271
Hohenasperg, 288
Hölderlin, Friedrich (1770–1843), 3, 163
Holtei, Karl von (1798–1880), 30
Homer (probably 8th century BC): Odyssey, 6
Horace (65–8 BC), 271
Hrabanus Maurus (ca. 776–856): Veni creator spiritus, 345
Hrdlicka, Alfred (1928–2009), 202
Hübner, Kurt (b. 1921), 161
Hugo, Victor (1802–85), 136
Hunt, Graham G., 114
Ibsen, Henrik (1828–1906), 62
Impressionism, 352, 356
Jacobs, Rüdiger, 137
Janz, Tobias (b. 1974), 182, 295
Jens, Walter (b. 1923), 270
Jerusalem, 197
Jones, Richard (b. 1953), 121
Joyce, James (1882–1941), 226, 347
Jugendstil, 337, 362
Jünger, Ernst (1895–1998), 362
Jungheinrich, Hans-Klaus (b. 1938), 80
Kaden, Christian (b. 1946), xiv, 15
Kaf ka, Franz (1883–1924), 71, 165, 213
Kaiser, Joachim (b. 1928), xvii, 33
Kalbeck, Max (1850–1921), 326
Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804), 130, 308
Kapp, Julius (1883–1962), 246
Kaufmann, Jonas (b. 1969), 121
Keller, Gottfried (1819–90), 154, 267, 272, 289
Writings: Grüne Heinrich, Der, 272; Hadlaub, 272
Kerman, Joseph (b. 1924), 124
Kiem, Eckehard (b. 1950), 217
Kienzle, Ulrike (b. 1960), 345
Kietz, Ernst Benedikt (1815–92), 22, 46, 84, 96, 126
Kind, Friedrich (1768–1843): Weinberg an der Elbe, Der, 4
Kinderman, William (b. 1952), 343
Kittler, Friedrich (1943–2011), 309, 315, 365
Klein, Richard (b. 1953), 213, 362
Klimt, Gustav (1862–1918), 337, 349, 353
Knabe, Tilman (b. 1970), 179
Koch, Max (1855–1931), 106, 107
Königsberg, 29, 31
Konwitschny, Peter (b. 1945), 110, 299, 313
Kościuszko, Tadeusz (1746–1817), 27
Koselleck, Reinhart (1923–2006), 368n17
Kossak, Ernst (1814–80), 103
Koßmaly, Carl (1812–93), 73
Kramer, Lawrence (b. 1946), 301, 360
Kristeva, Julia (b. 1941), 347
Kühnel, Jürgen (b. 1944), 327
Kupfer, Harry (b. 1935): Bayreuth production of Der fliegende Holländer, 62; Berlin production of Der fliegende Holländer, 53; Berlin production of Parsifal, 327; on the figure of Hans Sachs, 270
Kurth, Ernst (1886–1946), 217, 249
Lagarde, Paul de (1827–91), 322
Langbehn, Julius (1851–1907), 300
La Spezia, xii, 177, 197
Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825–64), 267
Laube, Heinrich (1806–84): friendly with Heine, 66; suggests opera on Tadeusz Kościuszko, 27; and Young Germany, 26
Laussot, Jessie (1826–1905), 96
Lay of the Nibelungs, The. See Nibelungenlied
Lehmann, Lilli (1848–1929), 54
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716), 190
Leipzig: first local production of Faust, 3; Gewandhaus, 9, 19; Leipzig Opera, 140, 192, 269; Leipzig Theater, 3, 10, 169; St. Nicholas’s School, 2; Wagner’s early years in, 1, 2, 28
leitmotif: in James Joyce, 226; motifs of presentiment and recollection, 113, 152, 154, 182, 296; and myth, 194, 231, 295, 296; as a reflection of the characters’ inner lives, 17, 57, 113, 114, 187, 196, 209, 224, 248, 302, 341–42, 365. See also individual titles in the Index of Works
Lenbach, Franz von (1836–1904), 262; portrait of Cosima, 2; portrait of RW, 318
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), 218
Leroux, Pierre (1797–1871), 136
Levi, Hermann (1839–1900), 280, 319, 320
Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1908–2009), 231, 245, 307, 323
Lewald, August (1792–1871), 48
Library of Congress, 362
Lindau, 274
Linnenbrügger, Jörg, 274
Linz, 31, 108
Lippmann, Edmund von (1857–1940), 397n52
Lippmann, Eduard von (1838–1919), 308
Liszt, Franz (1811–86): on act 2 of Die Walküre, 201; advanced harmonic writing, 341; Catholic beliefs, 321; champions RW’s works, 51, 61, 108; as correspondent, 5, 17, 36, 44, 51, 60, 61, 74, 75, 110, 113, 160, 176, 201, 202, 216, 232, 233, 235, 236; critical of artistic conditions, 47–48; as “expressionist,” 144; and Josef Rubinstein, 93; on Lohengrin, 119; and RW’s appeal for money, 232; on RW’s harmonic writing, 118–19, 123; and RW’s longing for love, 17, 232, 233, 235; and RW’s love of luxury, 5; on RW’s use of leitmotifs in Der fliegende Holländer, 52–53, 57; as a Saint-Simonian, 49; and the symphonic poem, 55; as victim of repression and censorship, 28
Works: Am Grabe Richard Wagners, 341; Piano Concerto no. 2 in A Major, 119; “On the Situation of Artists and Their Condition in Society,” 47–48
Literarische Welt, Die, 123
Lohengrin (anonymous medieval epic), 105
Löhr, Friedrich (“Fritz”) (1859–1924), 352
London: Angelo Neumann’s touring Ring, 162; RW’s visits (1839), 144; (1855), 45; (1877), 303
Lorenz, Alfred (1868–1939), 184, 272
Los Angeles: Ebell Club, 124; Los Angeles Opera, 166, 168
Lourdes, 331
Lübeck, 106, 240, 269
Lucerne, 94, 275
Ludwig II, king of Bavaria (1845–86), 172, 262; as intended recipient of My Life, x, xv, 135; and Levi, 320; and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, 265–66, 273, 274–75; and the paternity issue, 2; reads Ring preface, 160; receives scores from RW, 93; RW as political adviser, 104, 265–66; RW’s betrayal of, xiv; and theater reform, 129
Luther, Martin (1483–1546), 15, 163–64, 280, 294
Works: Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, 311
Lüttichau, Wolf Adolf August von (1785–1863), 100, 130
Lutz, Johann von (1826–90), 274
Magdeburg, 23, 26, 29, 135
Magee, Bryan (b. 1930), 258
Mahler, Alma (1879–1964), 353
Mahler, Gustav (1860–1911), 352–54; and Beethoven, 116; and religious subject matter, 344, 345, 353; and the German symphonic tradition, 255
Works: Symphony no. 1, 344; Symphony no. 2, 345; Symphony no. 4, 344; Symphony no. 8, 345, 353
Mahnkopf, Claus-Steffen (b. 1962), 183, 251, 302
Mallarmé, Stéphane (1842–98), 246, 321, 347, 361
Mann, Erika (1905–69), 216
Mann, Heinrich (1871–1950): Untertan, Der, 106–8
Mann, Thomas (1875–1955), 269; and 1909 Bayreuth Parsifal, 331, 337, 353; and 1936 Bayreuth Lohengrin, 108, 110; disagreement with Heinrich Mann, 106–8; on Kundry, 346; and Lohengrin, 106, 107, 108, 109, 119, 122; and narcotic influence of RW’s works, 360; on the Ring, 161, 295; and RW’s alleged dilettantism, 175; on RW’s prose writings, 150; on Tristan und Isolde, 245, 260; understanding of RW, xvii, 220, 253–54, 261; on Wotan’s Farewell, 216, 217
Works: Buddenbrooks, 175, 362; Clown, The, 175; Confessions of Felix Krull, 154; “Essay on the Theater,” 106; “Nietzsche’s Philosophy in the Light of Contemporary Events,” 362–63; Reflections of a Non-Political Man, 107
Mannheim, 295
Marat, Jean-Paul (1744–93), 68
Marbach, Rosalie née Wagner (1803–37): early career as an actress, 2, 3, 4; influence on RW’s artistic decisions, 10
Maria Theresa, empress of Austria (1717–80), 271
Marschner, Heinrich (1795–1861), 11
Marthaler, Christoph (b. 1951), 240, 257
Marx, Karl (1818–83), 136, 162, 295, 348
Writings: Communist Manifesto, 162
Materna, Amalie (1844–1918), 198
Mayer, Hans (1907–2001), 401n63; on Lohengrin, 119; on Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, 271; on Parsifal, 324; on the Ring, 306
McLuhan, Marshall (1911–80), 87
Meiningen, 202
Meißner, Alfred (1822–85), 102–3
Mendelssohn, Felix (1809–47), 18–20; as “expressionist,” 144; and German nationalism, 265; and Meyerbeer, 18, 43; and RW, 18–20, 92; RW’s alleged jealousy of his genius, 43; search for opera libretto, 32
Works: Elijah, 20, 370n8; Fingal’s Cave, 19; Overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 11, 18; St. Paul, 19; Soldatenliebschaft, 18
Mengs, Ismael (1688–1764), 375n37
Menzel, Adolph von (1815–1905), 290
Mertens, Volker (b. 1937), 162
Meser, Carl Friedrich (d
. 1850), 56, 84
Meyerbeer, Giacomo (1791–1864): as butt of Heine’s attacks, 67; and French grand opera, 24, 30, 33, 38, 48; hears Tannhäuser in Hamburg, 91; helps RW in Paris, 44, 48; historical background of his operas, 38; praised by Griepenkerl, 33; and RW, 38, 43–45, 139; RW’s alleged jealousy of his success, 43; on RW’s operas, 45
Works: L’africaine, 32; Huguenots, Les, 32, 38, 43, 44, 45, 67; Prophète, Le, 32, 43, 44, 139; Robert le diable, 18, 30, 32, 43, 45, 73
Meyerhold, Vsevolod (1874–1940), 226
Meysenbug, Malwida von (1816–1903), 61
Middle Ages, 72, 74, 82, 102, 104, 105, 111, 132, 160, 307
Mielitz, Christine (b. 1949), 202
Milan; Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, 140
Mitau (Jelgava), 31
modern Wagner productions. See Index of Wagner’s Works under Musical Works
Mondrian, Piet (1872–1944), 176
Monet, Claude (1840–1926), 176
Moréas, Jean (1856–1910), 336
Morgenstern, Christian (1871–1914), 271
Moscow, 218, 223, 225; Kremlin, 348
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91), xvi, 151, 176, 182, 185, 277, 358; characterization in his operas, 9, 35; RW’s attitude to, 54
Works: Don Giovanni, 54; Entführung aus dem Serail, Die, 3; Jupiter Symphony, xvi; Nozze di Figaro, Le, 9, 54, 176, 195; Zauberflöte, Die, 3, 11, 54, 259
Müller, Heiner (1929–95), 240
Munich, 121, 129, 172, 198, 228, 265, 319, 320, 321; Der fliegende Holländer in 1864, 61; Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg in 1868, 267, 275; Munich Wagner Society, 325; plans for a festival theater, 294; Das Rheingold in 1869, 186; RW in, 17, 318, 321
music drama, xvii, 9, 15, 38, 40, 52, 83, 98, 99, 118, 122, 137, 138, 152, 157, 160, 181, 203, 232, 233, 259, 292, 294, 302, 316, 325, 345
Musil, Robert (1880–1942): The Man without Qualities, 327–28, 361
myth: and leitmotifs, 194, 231, 295, 296; Norse myth, 133, 137, 156, 160, 162, 300; Oedipus, 151, 160, 224; as the progenitor of the music drama, 34, 60, 138, 149, 308; and RW’s own universal myth, xiii, 8, 17, 137, 158, 160, 161, 163, 174; as “true for all time,” xiv, 151, 161, 162; the turn from history to myth and legend, 71, 111, 132–33. See also Greek antiquity; and individual titles in the Index of Works
Naples, 93
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821), 27, 138
National Socialism, 31, 40, 101, 108, 109, 189, 197, 265, 286, 300, 316, 332, 341
Nationalzeitung, 323
Neue Freie Presse, 285
Neuenfels, Hans (b. 1941), 109, 120, 259
