by Danny Orbach
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Parssinen, Terry, The Oster Conspiracy of 1938: The Unknown Story of the Military Plot to Kill Hitler and Avert World War II (New York: HarperCollins, 2003).
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———, Hans-Alexander von Voss: Generalstabsoffizier im Widerstand, 1907–1944 (Berlin: Lukas Verlag, 2008).
———, Widerstand und christlicher Glaube angesichts des Nationalsozialismus (Berlin: Lit, 2008).
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———, Neuordnung im Widerstand: Der Kreisauer Kreis innerhalb der deutschen Widerstandsbewegung (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1967).
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———, Henning von Tresckow: Ein Preuße gegen Hitler; Biographie (Berlin: Propyläen, 1987).
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———, eds., Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1994).
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———, ed., NS Verbrechen und der militärische Widerstand gegen Hitler (Darmstadt: Primus, 2000).
———, Stauffenberg: Der 20. Juli 1944 (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 2004).
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———, Oberst Claus Graf Stauffenberg: Ein Lebensbild (Paderborn: Schöningh, 1994).
Zimmermann, Moshe, ed., Ha-Hitnagdut La-Nazism (Jerusalem: Koebner Institute for German History, 1984).
Press and Newspapers
Der Stürmer (Nuremberg)
Echo der Woche
London Times
New York Times
Pravda (Moscow)
Völkischer Beobachter (Munich)
Visual Media
Kohav Beller, Hava, The Restless Conscience: Resistance to Hitler Within Germany, 1933–1945 (1992; Los Angeles: New Video Group, 2009), DVD.
Interviews
Author with Philipp Freiherr von Boeselager, Kreuzberg, Germany, 15.7.2003.
Nicholas Netteau with Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist, Munich, Germany, 13.1.1998 (given to author by the courtesy of Nicholas Netteau).
Index
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
Abetz, Otto, 235
Abwehr
Nazi raids/arrests at headquarters, 158–59
Nazi suspicions and, 150, 158
role, 19
SS intelligence service and, 158, 159
See also resistance movements/Berlin network; specific individuals
Aretin, Uta von, 252
army (Germany)
Hitler alliance and, 9–10
racial theory and, 9
See also specific events; sp
ecific individuals
Arnold, Fritz/family (Ursula/Friederike/Christof ), 152, 153, 154, 157, 158, 274
assassination plots. See resistance movements/assassination; Stauffenberg, Claus von, resistance and assassination/Valkyrie attempts
Attolico, Bernardo, 58
Auschwitz extermination camp, 148, 159, 194
Austria “Anschluss,” 30, 31, 47
B
Balfour, Michael, 106–7
Bargatzky, Walter, 221–22, 234–35
Bauer, Yehuda, 291–92
Bavaria, 7
Bavarian Joe (Bayern Seppl), 17
Beck, Ludwig
as antiwar, 34, 35–36, 80, 85, 86, 94
antiwar speech excerpts, 35
assassination/coup attempt (1944) and, 220
assassination question and, 182, 183, 185
attempted suicide/death, 237
Blomberg scandal and, 16
body exhumed/burned, 244
changing view of Nazi regime, 33–36
coup/planned position in new government, 198, 218, 221, 225–26, 227, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236
Czechoslovakia invasion views, 33–36
fears of surveillance, 142
Fritsch and, 17–18, 27, 35
Halder and, 27, 30, 35, 36, 92, 284, 307 n15, 320 n21
health problems, 142, 179
Kaiser relationship, 116, 117–18
meeting with Halder (1940), 92
memorandum/German resistance and, 35
misunderstanding Hitler and, 33–34, 35, 36
motives for resistance and, 271, 275
position/background, 10
recruitment into resistance movement, 29–31, 34, 36
resignation (chief of the General Staff), 36
resistance and, 18, 26, 35, 78, 80, 81–82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 94–95, 112, 136, 142
as resistance official leader/importance, 81–82, 83, 91–92, 116, 136, 142, 179, 188, 192, 193, 196, 205, 207–8
revolutionary mutation and, 36
Wednesday Society and, 26, 34
See also resistance movements/Berlin network
Beer Hall Putsch (1923), 164
Beer Hall Putsch anniversary celebrations
descriptions, 65–66, 76
Elser and, 65–66, 76
Hitler and, 65–66, 69, 70–71, 72, 73
Beneš, Edvard, 46–47, 59, 60
Berger, Heinrich, 213
Bernardis, Robert, 247, 249–50
Best, S. Payne, 92–93, 264–65
Bismarck, 7
Bloch, Ernst, 147
Blomberg, Werner von
Czechoslovakia invasion and, 32
Eva Grün scandal and, 14–16
Germany’s Nazification and, 15
position/views, 14, 15
soldiers’ loyalty oath and, 10
Blum, Léon, 264
Blumentritt, General, 221, 233
Bock, Fedor von
Hitler replacing/Hitler and, 127–28, 131, 141
Soviet Union invasion and, 121, 122, 123, 125
Boeselager, Philipp von, Count, 133–34, 226, 236, 265, 276
Boineburg-Lengsfeld, 222, 229
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, Pastor
arrest/imprisonment, 159, 261, 262
assassination question and, 186–87
death, 264
feelings of guilt and, 278
Jews and, 154, 271
motives for resistance and, 271, 276
resistance/connections and, 154, 197, 273
on “responsible action,” 293
Bormann, Martin, 216
Brandt, Heinz
assassination attempt (1943) and, 138, 139
assassination attempt (1944) and, 213, 214, 215, 282
Brauchitsch, Walther von
Beck and, 34, 35–36
description, 28
Hitler and, 90–91, 122, 127
not supporting coup, 88, 283–84
position and, 27, 28, 69, 84, 127
resistance and, 58, 90–91, 183
Soviet Union invasion/atrocities and, 124
World War II and, 89, 90–91, 122, 124
Bredow, Ferdinand von, 10, 20
Brehmer, Major General, 229
Breitenbuch, Eberhard von
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 242, 265
resistance and, 119, 242
as would-be assassin, 204, 242, 265
Breitman, Richard, 21, 22
Britain
appeasement/avoiding war and, 42, 43, 47, 54–55, 57, 58–59, 61, 79, 80
German resistance cooperation/communication and, 39–43, 44, 47, 81, 83, 84, 87, 90, 92–93, 104, 111, 185, 284, 308 n10, 318 n4
Germany/Czechoslovakia and, 39, 46, 47–48, 53–55, 56, 57–59, 60, 61, 79
Munich agreement and, 58–59, 64, 78, 79, 80
Nazi invasion of Poland/declaration of war, 85
Nazi violation of Munich agreement/Czechoslovakia occupation and, 79
passenger liner sinking, 85
See also specific individuals
Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt, Walter von
resistance and, 45, 46, 52
withdrawal from resistance, 61
Broich, Major General, 177, 178
Buchenwald concentration camp, 76
Busch, Ernst, 34, 36, 204
Bussche, Axel von dem
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 265, 266
feelings of shame and, 278, 362 n32
military injuries and, 203
motives for resistance and, 269, 271, 278
witnessing persecution of Jews and, 194–95, 271, 343 n22
as would-be assassin/suicide bomber, 194, 195, 203, 204, 271
C
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 42–43, 55
Canaris, Wilhelm
after assassination/coup attempts (1944), 261, 262, 263–64
background, 144
descriptions/views, 143–44, 145, 148
diary, 264
family (Erica/Brigitte) and, 143, 147, 148, 155
Hitler’s orders and, 155–56
motives for resistance and, 271, 274
Nazi raids/Hitler’s discharging and, 158–59
Oster and, 20, 55–56, 80, 144
position, 20, 80
rescuing victims/Jewish victims, 145–51, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157–58, 264, 271, 274
resistance and, 44, 55–56, 57, 80, 81, 84, 89, 111, 143, 284
speaking against Nazi crimes, 148
turning to resistance/influences, 144–45
Weimar period terrorists and, 144
Catholic political parties and Nazis, 6
Chamberlain, Neville
appeasement/avoiding war and, 42, 47, 54–55, 57, 58–59, 61, 79, 80
declaration of war, 85
Hitler betrayal/Czechoslovakia and, 79, 80
meetings with Hitler, 47–48, 53–54, 58–60
Poland/Nazis and, 79–80
warnings on Hitler and, 42, 43
Christiansen, Friedrich, 149
Churchill, Winston
as opponent of appeasement, 43
warning on Nazis, 59
World War II and, 98, 269
“clique” in network-analysis theory, 24–25
Colvin, Ian, 43
Communist Party
arrest of deputies, 6
destruction by Hitler, 2–3, 4–5, 6, 12–13
January 1933 situation, 1
Reichstag fire and, 2, 4
compartmentalization in network-analysis theory, 25
concentration camp, Gurs, France, 147–48
concentration camps (Germany)
description/prisoners, 12
See also specific camps
“connectors” in network-analysis theory, 27
conspiracy. See resistance movements
Conzen, Annemarie
Canaris helping, 147–48, 151, 154, 157
daughters (Irmgard/Gabriele) and mother, 147–48,
151, 154, 157
counterfactual questions/scenarios, 282
Crohne, Wilhelm, 262
Crome, Hans
resistance and, 99, 130, 182, 190–91, 331 n20
Soviet captors and, xvi, 99, 130, 182
testimony, 212
Curtis, Lionel, 106–7
Czechoslovakia
Chamberlain/Hitler meetings and, 47–48, 53–54, 58–60
creation/conflict, 32
Munich agreement and, 58–59, 64, 78, 79, 80
Nazi/Hitler plan to invade, 32–33, 46
Nazi occupation of, 79
“peace conference”/fate, 58–60
Sudetenland and Germany, 32, 33–34, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 54, 55, 58–60, 80, 101, 103
