by Masha Gessen
3. Tsekhtik.
4. Vayserman, 354.
5. Bekerman interview, Birobidzhan, October 2009.
6. Vayserman, 378.
7. Vayserman, 382.
8. Vayserman, 379.
Chapter 17
1. Naumov, 18.
2. Naumov, 21.
3. Naumov, 23–29.
4. A letter by Mikhoels and Fefer to the Central Committee, retrieved on December 22, 2009: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/m2antfac.html.
5. Naumov, 64–65.
6. Naumov, 71.
Chapter 18
1. Naumov, 75–89.
2. Naumov, 381–84.
3. Naumov, 388–93.
Chapter 19
1. Cited in Weinberg, 85.
2. Interview with Leonid Shkolnik, Jerusalem, November 2009.
Chapter 20
1. Bumagin Iosif Romanovich, biography retrieved on January 5, 2010: http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=4758.
Epilogue
1. Gal Beckerman, When They Come for Us, We’ll Be Gone: The Epic Struggle to Save Soviet Jewry (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010), 13–38.
2. Judy Lash Balint, Jerusalem Diaries II: What’s Really Happening in Israel (Longwood, FL: Xulon, 2007), 35.
Endpapers
Climate: Roshydromet, Israel Meteorological Service.
Type of Lands: Report of Giprvod expedition, 1931 (State Archive of Jewish Autonomous Region); Abram Merezhin, O zaselenii Biro-Bidzhanskogo raiona trudiashchimisia evreiami, 1928; E. Mills, Census of Palestine 1931, vol. 1, p. 23 (Alexandria, 1933); A. Kantorovich, Perspectivy Birobidzhana (Moscow: Emes, 1932).
Change of Population: Census of Russia, 2010; Shlomo Groman, Skol’ko evreev ostalos v Birobidzhane (Novosti nedeli, February–March, 2005), www.languages-study.com/demography/birobijan.html; Administrativno-territorial’noe ustroystvo Evreyskoy Avtonomnoy Oblasti, 1858–2003 gg (Khabarovsk, 2004); Razvitie Evreyskoy Avtonomnoy Oblasti, www.eao.ru/?p=1462.
PUBLISHED SOURCES
* * *
Altman, Ilya. “Beliye pyatna ‘Chernoy knigi.’ ” December 15, 2009. http://www.lechaim.ru/ARHIV/124/poznansk.htm.
Arendt, Hannah. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. Revised and enlarged edition. New York: Penguin, 1994.
Balint, Judy Lash. Jerusalem Diaries II: What’s Really Happening in Israel. Longwood, FL: Xulon, 2007.
Beckerman, Gal. When They Come for Us, We’ll Be Gone: The Epic Struggle to Save Soviet Jewry. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010.
Bengelsdorf, Sergo. “Birobidzhan kakim ya yego pomnyu.” October 7, 2009. http://shkolnik08.livejournal.com/18476.html.
Bergelson, David. Izbranniye proizvedeniya. Moscow: OGIZ, Der Emes, 1947.
———. Mirele. Moscow: OGIZ, Gosudarstvennoye izdatel’stvo khudozhestvennoy literarury, 1941.
———. Na Dnepre. Moscow: Sovetsky pisatel, 1983.
Brener, Iosif. Lehaim, Birobidzhan! Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsky Pisatel, 2007.
Bruk, B. L. Predvaritelniy svodniy otchet expeditsii KOMZETa v 1927 godu. Ed. V. R. Viliams. Moscow: n.p., 1928.
Dubnova-Erlich, Sofia. Zhizn’ i tvorchestvo S. M. Dubnova (publication information unknown; obtained online).
Dubnow, Simon. Kniga zhizni: Materialy dlia istorii moego vremeni. Vospominaniia I razmyshleniia. Jerusalem, Moscow: Hesharim/Mosty Kulʹtury, 2004.
———. Nationalism and History: Essays on Old and New Judaism. Edited by Koppel S. Pinson. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1958.
Ehrenburg, Ilya. Lyudi, gody, zhizn. Vol. 2. Moscow: Sovetsky Pisatel, 1990.
Emiot, Israel. The Birobidzhan Affair: A Yiddish Writer in Siberia. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1981.
Estraikh, Gennady. In Harness: Yiddish Writers’ Romance with Communism. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005.
Fishman, David E. The Rise of Modern Yiddish Culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, 2005.
Gitelman, Zvi. A Century of Ambivalence: The Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union, 1881 to the Present. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.
Grossman, Vasily, and Ilya Ehrenburg, eds., Chornaya kniga. O zlodeyskom povsemestnom ubiystve yevreyev nemetsko-fashistskimi zakhvatchikami vo vremenno okkupirovannykh rayonakh Sovetskogo Soyuza i v lageryakh Pol’shi vo vremya voyny 1941–1945 gg. Vilnius: Yad, 1993.
Gurevich, V., Tsap, V. O Yevreyskoy avtonomnoy oblasti—vseryoz i s ulybkoy. Birobidzhan: Freud, 2009.
Herzl, Theodor. The Jewish State. N.p.: CreateSpace Independent Platform, 2011.
Kazakevich, G. O., and B. S. Ruben. Vospominaniya o Em. Kazakeviche. Ed. Moscow: Sovetsky Pisatel, 1984.
Kotlerman, Ber Boris, Shmuel Yavin, Bauhaus in Birobidzhan: 80 Years of Jewish Settlement in the Far East of the USSR. Tel Aviv: Merkaz Baʼuhaʼus, 2008.
Krishtofovich, A. N. and Z. A. Abdullayeva, eds., Trudy Birobidzhanskoy geologicheskoy ekspeditsyi LenOZETa, 1933–1934 gg. Leningrad and Moscow: Glavnaya redaktsiya gorno-toplivnoy literatury, 1937.
Kuznetsov, Anatoly. Baby Yar. Moscow: Astrel, 2010.
Levin, Nora. Paradox of Survival: The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917. Vol. 1. New York: New York University Press, 1990.
Martin, Terry. The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001.
Melikhov, Alexander. Birobidzhan—Zemlya obitovannaya. Moscow: Tekst, 2009.
Miller, Boris. Yasnost’. Moscow: Sovetsky Pisatel, 1974.
“The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 1939.” Modern History Sourcebook. http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1939pact.html; accessed August 24, 2015.
Naumov, V. P., ed., Nepravedny sud. Posledniy Stalinskiy rasstrel. Moscow: Nauka, 1994.
Rabinovitch, Simon, ed., Jews and Diaspora Nationalism: Writings on Jewish Peoplehood in Europe and the United States. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2012.
Rapoport, Louis. Stalin’s War Against the Jews: The Doctors’ Plot and the Soviet Solution. New York and Toronto: The Free Press, 1990.
Redlich, Shimon, K. M. Anderson, and I. Al’tman. War, Holocaust, and Stalinism: A Documented Study of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR. Luxembourg: Harwood Academic, 1995.
Rubenstein, Joshua, and V. P. Naumov. Stalin’s Secret Pogrom: The Postwar Inquisition of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. Abridged edition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.
Shapira, Anita. Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 1881–1948. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Sherman, Joseph, and Gennady Estraikh. David Bergelson: From Modernism to Socialist Realism. London: Legenda, 2007.
Slezkine, Yuri. The Jewish Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Snyder, Timothy. Black Earth: The Holocaust as History and Warning. New York: Tim Duggan Books, 2015.
Vayserman, David. Birobidzhan. Mechty i tragediya. Khabarovsk: RIOTIP, 1999.
Weinberg, Robert. Stalin’s Forgotten Zion: Birobidzhan and the Making of a Soviet Jewish Homeland; An Illustrated History, 1928–1996. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
Wyman, David S. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941–1945. New York: Pantheon, 1985.
Zhuravleva, O. P. Istoriya knizhnogo dela v Yevreskoy Avtonomnoy Oblasti (konets 1920-kh—nachalo 1960-kh godov). Khabarovsk: Dalnevostochnaya Gosudarstvennaya Biblioteka, 2008.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Masha Gessen is a Russian-American journalist who is the author of several books, including The Brothers: The Road to an American Tragedy and the national best seller The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin. Her work has appears in The New Yorker, The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, and many other publications. She has received numerous awards, including the 2015 Raoul Wallenberg Medal from the University of Michigan and a 2015–16 Carnegie Millennial Fellowship. S
he lives in New York City.
What’s next on
your reading list?
Discover your next
great read!
* * *
Get personalized book picks and up-to-date news about this author.
Sign up now.
