[>] Martineau, “the coarseness . . .” is from Allott, p. 303.
[>] Martineau, “vanishing from our view,” is from Allott, p. 305.
[>] Patrick Brontë, “I can see no better plan . . .” is quoted in Green, p. 297.
[>] Patrick Brontë, “Dear Daughter Charlotte . . .” is quoted in Green, p. 293.
[>] Patrick Brontë, “My grief is so deep . . .” is quoted in Barker, p. 783.
[>] Auerbach, “Jane’s inner world” is from Bloom, p. 57.
[>] Rich, “Charlotte Brontë’s feminist manifesto” is from Bloom, p. 61.
[>] Spacks, “Give him a black leather jacket . . .” is from Spacks, p. 175.
[>] Arnold, “Strew with roses . . .” is from “Haworth Churchyard” in Arnold, p. 279.
Selected Bibliography
Abrams, M. H., ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 3d ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1975.
Alexander, Christine. The Brontës: Tales of Glass Town, Angria, and Gondal. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
———. The Early Writings of Charlotte Brontë. Oxford, U.K.: Basil Blackwell, 1983.
Alexander, Christine, and Margaret Smith. The Oxford Companion to the Brontës. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Allott, Miriam, ed. The Brontës: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974.
Arnold, Matthew, The Poems of Matthew Arnold, 1840–1867. London: Henry Frowde, 1909.
Barker, Juliet. The Brontës. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1996.
Bell, Currer, Ellis Bell, and Acton Bell. Poems. London: Smith Elder, 1846.
Beer, Frances, ed. The Juvenilia of Jane Austen and Charlotte Brontë. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, U.K.: Penguin Books, 1986.
Bloom, Harold, ed. The Brontës. Broomall, Pa.: Chelsea House, 2000.
Brontë, Anne. Agnes Grey. Ware, Hertfordshire, U.K.: Wordsworth Editions, 1994.
———. “Last Lines.” The Poetry Foundation. www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/175566. Downloaded on June 30, 2011.
———. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Ware, Hertfordshire, U.K.: Wordsworth Editions, 1994.
Brontë, Charlotte. “Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell,” in Wuthering Heights, by Emily Brontë. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1924.
———. Jane Eyre. London: Penguin Books, 1996.
———. The Professor, Emma and Poems. Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1891.
———. Shirley. London: Penguin Books, 1994.
———. Villette. New York: Harper Colophon, 1972.
Brontë, Emily. The Complete Poems of Emily Jane Brontë. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
———. Gondal Poems. Oxford, U.K.: Shakespeare Head Press, 1989.
———. Wuthering Heights. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1956.
Brookfield, Charles, and Frances Brookfield. Mrs. Brookfield and Her Circle. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1905.
Chaplin, Sue. Law, Sensibility and the Sublime in Eighteenth-Century Women’s Fiction. Aldershot, Hampshire, U.K.: Ashgate, 2004.
Chapple, J. A. V., and Arthur Pollard, eds. The Letters of Mrs. Gaskell. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Library, 1966.
Chitham, Edward. The Poems of Anne Brontë: A New Text and Commentary. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1979.
“Christmas Dreams.” Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, January 1828, pp. 1–6.
Collins, Robert G., ed. The Hand of the Arch-Sinner: Two Angrian Chronicles of Branwell Brontë. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon Press, 1993.
Dormandy, Thomas. The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis. New York: Washington Square Press, 2000.
Ellis, Sarah Stickney. The Women of England. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1839.
“An Evening’s Gossip on New Novels.” Dublin University Magazine, May 1848, pp. 608–25.
Gaskell, E. C. The Life of Charlotte Brontë. Edinburgh: John Grant, 1905.
Gates, Barbara Timm. Critical Essays on Charlotte Brontë. Boston: G. K. Hall and Co., 1990.
Gordon, Lyndall. Charlotte Brontë: A Passionate Life. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1995.
Green, Dudley. Patrick Brontë: Father of Genius. Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Nonsuch, 2008.
Grundy, Francis H. Pictures of the Past: Memories of Men I Have Met and Places I Have Seen. London: Griffith and Farrar, 1879.
Harrison, Ada M., and Derek Stanford. Anne Brontë: Her Life and Work. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1970.
Hoar, Nancy Cowley. “‘And My Ending Is Despair’: Villette—Charlotte Brontë’s Valediction.” Brontë Society Transactions, 1973, pp. 185–235.
Howe, Bea. A Galaxy of Governesses. London: Derek Verschoyle, 1954.
“The Last New Novel.” The Mirror. December 1847, pp. 376–80.
Lewes, George Henry. “Recent Novels: French and English.” Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, December 1847, pp. 686–95.
Leyland, Francis A. The Brontë Family, with Special Reference to Patrick Branwell Brontë. Vol. 2. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1886.
Lock, John, and W. T. Dixon. A Man of Sorrow: The Life, Letters and Times of the Rev. Patrick Brontë, 1777–1861. London: Ian Hodgkins and Co., 1979.
Lonoff, Sue, ed. and trans. The Belgian Essays. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1996.
Martineau, Harriet. Harriet Martineau’s Autobiography. London: Virago Press, 1983.
Neufeldt, Victor A., ed. The Poems of Patrick Branwell Brontë. New York: Garland Publishing, 1990.
“Noteworthy Novels.” North British Review, August 1849, pp. 475–93.
Orel, Harold, ed. The Brontës: Interviews and Recollections. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1997.
“Patrick Brontë Chronology.” Haworth Village. www.haworth-village.org.uk. Downloaded on January 16, 2011.
Rees, Joan. Profligate Son: Branwell Brontë and His Sisters. London: Robert Hale, 1986.
Ritchie, Hester, ed. Letters of Anne Thackeray Ritchie. London: John Murray, 1924.
Russell, George W. E., ed. Letters of Matthew Arnold, 1848–1888. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan and Co., 1895.
Scruton, William. Thornton and the Brontës. Bradford, U.K.: John Dale and Co., 1898.
Shorter, Clement. The Brontës: Life and Letters. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1908.
———. Charlotte Brontë and Her Circle. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1896.
Sinclair, May. The Three Brontës. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913.
Smith, Elizabeth, ed. George Smith: A Memoir, with Some Pages of Autobiography. London: Privately printed, 1902.
Smithers, Henry. Liverpool: Its Commerce, Statistics, and Institutions. Liverpool, England: Thomas Kaye, 1825.
Spacks, Patricia Meyer. The Female Imagination. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975.
Stevens, Joan, ed. Mary Taylor: Friend of Charlotte Brontë. Dunedin, New Zealand: Auckland University Press, 1972.
Tallis, John. Tallis’ History and Description of the Crystal Palace, and the Exhibition of the World’s Industry in 1851. Vol. 1. London: John Tallis and Co., 1852.
Thackeray, William Makepeace. Vanity Fair. Leipzig, Germany: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1848.
Turner, J. Horsfall. Brontëana: The Rev. Patrick Brontë, A.B., His Collected Works and Life. Folcroft, Pa.: Folcroft Library Editions, 1974.
Uglow, Jenny. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. London: Faber and Faber, 1993.
Vivian. “A Gentle Hint to Writing-Women.” Leader, May 18, 1850, p. 189.
Ward, John. Information Relative to New-Zealand. 1840. Christchurch, New Zealand: Capper Press, 1975.
Whitehead, Barbara. Charlotte Brontë and Her “Dearest Nell”: The Story of a Friendship. West Yorkshire, U.K.: Smith Settle, 1993.
Willy, Margaret. “Emily Brontë: Poet and Mystic.” English, autumn 1946, pp. 117–22.
Wilson, William Carus. “On Patience and Forbearance in a Sunday-School Teacher.” The Teacher’s Visitor, January 1847, pp. 21–22.
> Winnifrith, Tom, ed. The Poems of Charlotte Brontë. Oxford, U.K.: Shakespeare Head Press, 1984.
Wise, Thomas J., ed. The Brontës: Their Lives, Friendships and Correspondence. 4 vols. Philadelphia: Porcupine Press, 1980.
The Works of Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brontë. Vol. 8: Poems of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell with Cottage Poems by Patrick Brontë. London: J. M. Dent and Co., 1893.
“Wuthering Heights.” Leader, December 28, 1850, p. 953.
The Works of Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Brontë
Writing as Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, the Brontë sisters collaborated on a collection of poetry. As individuals they completed seven novels that were intended for publication. These classic works have appeared in numerous editions, but the following were the first:
Poems, by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. London: Aylott and Jones, 1846.
Jane Eyre, by Currer Bell. London: Smith, Elder and Company, 1847.
Wuthering Heights, by Ellis Bell. London: T. C. Newby, 1847.
Agnes Grey, by Acton Bell. London: T. C. Newby, 1847.
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, by Acton Bell. London: T. C. Newby, 1848.
Shirley, by Currer Bell. London: Smith, Elder and Company, 1849.
Villette, by Currer Bell. London: Smith, Elder and Company, 1853.
The Professor, by Currer Bell. London: Smith, Elder and Company, 1857.
The Brontës wrote a great many letters, although not all of them have survived. A complete collection has yet to be published, but this one is large and comprehensive:
The Brontës: Their Lives, Friendships, and Correspondence (4 vols.), edited by Thomas J. Wise. Philadelphia: Porcupine Press, 1980.
Readers interested in the Brontës’ childhood writings can refer to:
Tales of Glass Town, Angria, and Gondal, edited by Christine Alexander. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Picture Credits
Print Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations: [>], [>]
University of Pennsylvania Libraries: [>], [>], [>]
Courtesy of the Brontë Society: [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Library of Congress: [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Mary Evans Picture Library: [>], [>], [>], [>]
National Portrait Gallery, London: [>], [>], [>]
Copyright Royal Library of Belgium, No. F1010: [>]
Photofest: [>], [>], [>]
Index
Italic type refers to illustrations and their captions.
Agnes Grey (A. Bell/Brontë)
dishonest publisher, [>], [>]
illustration from, [>]
moral lesson, [>]
publication of, [>], [>], [>]
revelation of author’s identity, [>]
reviews of, [>]–[>]
story, [>], [>]–[>]
Angria and Gondal fantasies, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Arnold, Matthew, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Auerbach, Nina, [>]
Austen, Jane, [>]
Aykroyd, Tabby, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Aylott and Jones publishing company, [>]–[>]
Belgium. See Pensionnat Heger school
Bell, Alexander Graham, [>]
Branwell, Aunt Elizabeth, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Brontë, Anne. See also Agnes Grey
Angria and Gondal fantasies, [>]–[>], [>]
closeness to Emily, [>]– [>]
contemporary analysis of, [>]
as governess, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
home education, [>]–[>]
illness and death, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
moral teachings, [>], [>]–[>]
move to Haworth parsonage, [>]
physical appearance, [>], [>], [>], [>]
poems, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
portraits of, [>], [>]
pseudonym, [>], [>]– [>], [>]
publisher in London, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
at Roe Head School, [>], [>]
Tenant of Wildfell Hall, The [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Brontë, Branwell
Angria and Gondal fantasies, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
at Aunt Branwell’s death, [>]
drinking and drug use, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
education, [>], [>]–[>]
illness and death, [>], [>]–[>]
love affair with employer’s wife, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
at Maria’s death, [>]
move to Haworth parsonage, [>]
novel, [>]
painting career, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
physical appearance, [>], [>], [>]
poems, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
portrait of sisters, [>]
railway job, [>]–[>]
self-image, [>]
self-portrait, [>]
as tutor, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Brontë, Charlotte. See also Jane Eyre
Angria and Gondal fantasies, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
with Anne at time of death, [>], [>]–[>]
aspiration to become writer, [>], [>]
on Austen’s novels, [>]
biography of, [>]–[>]
at Clergy Daughters’ School, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
depression, [>], [>], [>], [>]
diary paper, [>]
drawing and painting, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
on Emily’s death, [>], [>]
friendships at school, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Gaskell, Elizabeth, friendship with, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
as governess, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
hero, Duke of Wellington, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
home education, [>]–[>]
illness and death, [>]–[>]
independence, [>], [>], [>]
on Maria’s death, [>]
marriage, [>], [>]–[>]
marriage proposals, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Martineau, Harriet, friendship with, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
move to Haworth parsonage, [>]–[>]
at Pensionnat Heger school, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
physical appearance and poor eyesight, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
plan to open own school, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
poems, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
portraits of, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Professor, The, [>], [>], [>], [>]
pseudonym and secret identity, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
publisher in London, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
reading and learning, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
religion and faith, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
at Roe Head School, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
romance with teacher, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
at seashore, [>]–[>]
Shirley, [>]–[>]
Smith, George, friendship with, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Thackeray, William Makepeace, meetings with, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Villette, [>]–[>]
Brontë, Elizabeth, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Brontë, Emily. See also Wuthering Heights
Angria and Gondal fantasies, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
at Clergy Daughters’ School, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
closeness to Anne, [>]–[>]
diary papers, [>], [>]
dog, Keeper, [>], [>], [>]
enjoyment of home and housekeeping, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
home education, [>]–[>]
illness and death, [>]– [>], [>]
at Law Hill school, [>], [>]–[>]
love of nature, [>]
move to Haworth
parsonage, [>]
at Pensionnat Heger school, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
physical appearance and shyness, [>]
poems, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
portrait of, [>]
pseudonym, [>], [>]
at Roe Head School, [>], [>]–[>]
secret writings, [>]–[>]
Brontë, Maria Branwell (Mrs. Brontë), [>], [>], [>]
Brontë, Maria (Brontë sister), [>], [>]–[>]
Brontë, Reverend Patrick
arrangement for Charlotte’s biography, [>]
at Branwell’s death, [>]
at curate’s death, [>]–[>]
death, [>]
education, [>]–[>]
education of children, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
The Bronte Sisters Page 14
