O’Broin, Leon. In Great Haste. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1983.
O’Buachalla, Séamus, editor. The Letters of P.H. Pearse. Buckingamshire: Colin Smythe, 1980.
O’Clery, Conor. Ireland in Quotes. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 1999.
O’Connor, Frank. The Big Fellow. London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1937.
O’Connor, Kevin. Ironing the Land. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1999.
O’Donnell, E. E. Annals of Dublin. Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 1987.
O’Donoghue, Florence. The I.R.B. and the 1916 Rising. Cork: Mercier Press, 1927.
O’Donoghue, Florence. No Other Law. Dublin: Irish Press, 1954.
O’Donovan, Donal. Kevin Barry and His Time. Dublin: Glendale Press, 1989.
O’Dulaing, Donncha. Voices of Ireland. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 1988.
O’Dwyer, Frederick. Lost Dublin. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1985.
O’Farrell, Pádraic. Who’s Who in the Irish War of Independence and Civil War. Dublin: Lilliput Press, 1997.
O’Gadhra, Nollaig. Civil War in Connacht, 1922–1923. Cork: Mercier Press, 1999.
O’Halpin, Eunan. Defending Ireland. New York: Oxford University, 1999.
O’Hegarty, Patrick Sarsfield. The Victory of Sinn Féin. Dublin: University College Press, 1998.
O’Malley, Ernie. The Singing Flame. Dublin: Anvil Books, 1978.
O’Neill, Marie. Grace Gifford Plunkett. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2000.
Oram, Hugh. The Newspaper Book. Dublin: MO Books, 1983.
O’Toole, Fintan. The Irish Times Book of the Century. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1999.
Redmond, John, M. P. The Voice of Ireland (Interview). London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1916.
Rees, Russell. Ireland, 1905–25. Newtownards, Northern Ireland: Colourpoint Books, 1998.
Rose, Richard. Governing Without Consensus. Boston: Beacon Press, 1971.
Ryan, Desmond. Unique Dictator: A Study of Eamon de Valera. London: Arthur Barker, 1936.
Ryan, Meda. Michael Collins and the Women in His Life. Cork: Mercier Press, 1996.
Ryan, Meda. The Real Chief: The Story of Liam Lynch. Cork: Mercier Press, 1986.
Ryder, Chris. The RUC, 1922–1997: A Force Under Fire. London: Mandarin, 1997.
Saorstát Éireann: Irish Free State Official Handbook. Dublin: Talbot Press, 1932.
Sexton, Seán. Ireland in Old Photographs. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994.
Shaw, Desmond. The Drama of Sinn Féin. London: Collins, 1923.
Sinn Féin Rebellion Handbook. Dublin: Compiled by the Weekly Irish Times, 1917.
Small, Stephen. An Irish Century, 1845–1945. Dublin: Roberts Books, 1998.
Spellissy, Séan. A History of Limerick. Limerick: Celtic Bookshop, 1998.
Spellissy, Séan. The Merchants of Ennis. Clare: Ennis Chamber of Commerce, 1996.
Spellissy, Séan, and John O’Brien. Limerick, the Rich Land. Ennis, County Clare: Spellissy/O’Brien Publishers, 1989.
Stewart, A. T. Q., editor. Michael Collins: The Secret File. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1997.
Taylor, Rex. Michael Collins: The Big Fellow. London: Hutchinson, 1958.
The Capuchin Annual. Dublin: 1970.
The Other Clare: Journals of the Shannon Archaeological and Historical Society, Clare.
Twohig, Patrick J. Blood on the Flag. Cork: Tower Books, 1996.
Valiulis, Maryann. Portrait of a Revolutionary: General Richard Mulcahy and the Founding of the Irish Free State. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1992.
Wallace, Martin. 100 Irish Lives. New Jersey: Barnes & Noble, 1983.
Warner, Philip. World War I. London: Cassell Military Classics, 1998.
Wilkinson, Burke. The Zeal of the Convert. London: Colin Smythe, 1976.
Williams, W. J. Report of the Irish White Cross to August 31, 1992. Dublin: Martin Lester, 1922.
Younger, Calton. Ireland’s Civil War. London: Fontana, 1979.
Archives and Unpublished Papers
Archival material from:
Clare Champion
Cork Examiner
Irish Bulletin, Vols. 1–5, 1919 through 1921
Irish Independent
Irish Press
Irish Times
The Times (London)
Dáil Éireann: Minutes of the Proceedings of the First Parliament of the Republic of Ireland, 1919–1921.
Imperial War Museum, London: Jeudwine Papers.
Military Archives, Cathal Brugha Barracks, Dublin: Material relating to the period 1921–1923.
National Archives, Dublin: RIC Crime Branch Special Papers.
Oglaigh na h-Éireann—Proclamation. Document issued by the Irish Republican Army, dated 28 June 1922.
Personal letter from Gerald Boland, Second Battalion, to Eileen McCarvill (private communication).
Public Record Office, London: Home Office Papers, War Office Papers.
Radio Telefeis Éireann: Sound and Film Archives.
By Morgan Llywelyn from Tom Doherty Associates
Bard
Brian Boru
The Elementals
Etruscans (with Michael Scott)
Finn Mac Cool
Lion of Ireland
Pride of Lions
Strongbow
1916
1921
Acknowledgments
The author wishes to express her gratitude to the numerous people who, in both a public and a private capacity, made this book possible. Family members of participants in the events of 1920–1923 gave generously of their time and memories, even allowing access to personal papers that may never be published. When they have asked that a relative not be mentioned by name in the narrative, their wishes have been respected.
A special thank-you goes to Alex Gogan for bringing me into the era of the Internet.
Last but certainly not least is Sonia Schorman. She is the first to read my books while still in draft form, and her comments and criticisms are invaluable.
This history came to me warm with living breath. Any errors in retelling it are my own.
Source Notes
All sources are listed in the bibliography.
Chapter Two
1. Ireland Since the Rising, p. 18.
2. The Irish Republic, p. 190.
Chapter Three
1. The Voice of Ireland, p. 106.
2. Arthur Griffith and Non-Violent Sinn Féin, p. ix.
3. Ireland Since the Rising, p. 19.
4. The Irish Republic, p. 183.
5. Personal letter from Gerald Boland, Second Battalion, to Eileen McCarvill.
Chapter Four
1. English Money and Irish Land, p. 73.
2. The Irish Republic, p. 39.
3. The Irish Republic, p. 209.
Chapter Six
1. The Irish Republic, pp. 210–211.
Chapter Seven
1. The Irish Republic, p. 212.
2. The Newspaper Book, p. 133.
3. The Other Clare, vol. 13, p. 53.
4. The Irish Civil War, p. 98.
Chapter Eight
1. Eamon de Valera and the Banner County, p. 34.
2. The Irish Republic, p. 224.
3. Eamon de Valera and the Banner County, p. 53.
4. Eamon de Valera and the Banner County, p. 57.
Chapter Nine
1. The Newspaper Book, p. 131.
2. Potrait of a Revolutionary, p. 24.
3. Who’s Who in the Irish War of Independence, p. 68.
4. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 74.
5. The Irish Republic, p. 230.
Chapter Eleven
1. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 64.
2. Arthur Griffith, p. 112.
3. The Irish Republic, p. 233.
Chapter Twelve
1. The Shooting of Michael Collins, p. 27.
2. De Valera, p. 99.
3. Portrait of a Revolutionary, p. 24.
4. The Life of John Redmond, p. 568.
Chapter Thirteen
> 1. The Irish Republic, p. 237.
2. The Newspaper Book, P. 133.
3. My Fight for Irish Freedom, p. 29.
Chapter Fourteen
1. Michael Collins: The Secret File, p. 53.
2. The Irish Republic, pp. 250–251.
3. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 75.
Chapter Fifteen
1. Curious Journey, p. 117.
2. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 96.
Chapter Sixteen
1. The Burning of Bridget Cleary, pp. 106–108.
2. The Irish Republic, p. 254.
Chapter Seventeen
1. The Pity of War, p. 178.
2. Lost Dublin, p. 11.
Chapter Eighteen
1. The Shelbourne, illustration facing p. 113.
2. Annals of Dublin, p. 157.
3. The Shelbourne p. 163.
Chapter Nineteen
1. The Irish Republic, p. 193.
2. Big Fellow, Long Fellow, p. 66.
3. Dublin as a Work of Art, p. 153.
4. The Irish Republic, p. 276.
5. De Valera, p. 130.
Chapter Twenty
1. The Pity of War, introduction, p. xxxix.
2. De Valera, p. 126.
3. De Valera, p. 118.
4. Big Fellow, Long Fellow, p. 69.
Chapter Twenty-One
1. The Irish Republic, p. 284.
2. De Valera, p. 133.
3. De Valera, p. 144.
4. The Irish Republic, p. 299.
Chapter Twenty-Two
1. The Irish Republic, p. 316.
2. My Fight for Irish Freedom, p. 82.
3. Revolutionary Woman, p. 70.
4. Irish Bulletin, March 4, 1920.
5. De Valera, p. 149.
6. Big Fellow, Long Fellow, p. 93.
7. The Capuchin Annual, 1970, p. 510.
8. The Irish Republic, p. 327.
9. Big Fellow, Long Fellow, p. 92.
Chapter Twenty-Three
1. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 122.
Chapter Twenty-Four
1. The I.R.A. and Its Enemies, p. 79.
2. The Irish Republic, p. 444.
3. Limerick, the Rich Land, p. 61.
4. Days of Fear, p. 18ff.
5. Big Fellow, Long Fellow, p. 108.
6. The Capuchin Annual, 1970, p. 554.
7. The Zeal of the Convert, p. 173.
8. The Orange Riots, pp. 31–148.
Chapter Twenty-Five
1. The Irish Republic, p. 356.
2. Guerilla Days in Ireland, p. 9.
3. Radio Telefeis Eireann Archives, direct testimony of Tom Barry.
4. Guerilla Days in Ireland, p. 1.
5. The I.R.A. and Its Enemies, p. 79.
6. There Is a Bridge at Bandon, p. 160.
Chapter Twenty-Six
1. The Irish Republic, p. 286.
2. Kevin Barry and His Time, p. 84.
Chapter Twenty-Seven
1. The Black and Tans, p. 94.
2. The Irish Republic, p. 389.
3. The Black and Tans, p. 97.
4. Big Fellow, Long Fellow, p. 127.
5. Enduring the Most, p. 195.
6. The Irish Republic, p. 393.
7. Michael Collins in His Own Words, p. 2.
Chapter Twenty-Eight
1. The Irish Republic, p. 396.
2. Michael Collins, p. 64.
3. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 160.
4. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 163.
5. A History of Kilmainham Gaol, p. 14.
6. Dublin 1916, p. 266.
Chapter Twenty-Nine
1. The Irish Republic, p. 415.
2. De Valera, p. 196.
Chapter Thirty
1. Irish Bulletin, vol. 4.
2. De Valera, p. 201.
3. The Capuchin Annual, 1970, p. 517.
4. The Irish Republic, p. 446.
5. The Irish Republic, p. 466.
6. 100 Irish Lives, p. 127.
7. The Newspaper Book, p. 143.
8. The Irish Republic, p. 472.
Chapter Thirty-One
1. The Capuchin Annual, 1970, p. 526.
2. The Irish Republic, p. 478.
3. The War in Clare, p. 104.
4. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 221.
Chapter Thirty-Two
1. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 226.
Chapter Thirty-Three
1. The McGarrity Papers, p. 109.
2. Big Fellow, Long Fellow, p. 193.
3. Michael Collins in His Own Words, p. 77.
4. De Valera, p. 280.
5. Modern Ireland 1600–1972, p. 505.
6. The Irish Republic, p. 587.
7. Arthur Griffith, p. 227.
Chapter Thirty-Four
1. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 274.
Chapter Thirty-Five
1. The Irish Republic, p. 606.
2. The Irish Civil War, p. 9.
3. Ireland’s Civil War, p. 222.
4. De Valera, p. 299.
Chapter Thirty-Seven
1. De Valera, p. 311.
2. Potrait of a Revolutionary, p. 141.
3. The Irish Republic, p. 702.
4. Michael Collins in His Own Words, p. 35.
5. The Irish Republic, p. 694.
6. The Irish Republic, p. 705.
7. Unique Dictator, p. 197.
Chapter Thirty-Eight
1. Guerilla Days, p. 179.
Chapter Thirty-Nine
1. No Other Law, p. 255.
2. The Newspaper Book, p. 164.
Chapter Forty
1. Oglaigh na h-Éireann—Proclamation.
2. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 332.
3. Curious Journey, p. 340.
4. De Valera, p. 324.
5. The Irish Republic, p. 785.
6. The Irish Civil War: An Illustrated History, p. 71.
Chapter Forty-One
1. The Singing Flame, p. 123.
2. Big Fellow, Long Fellow, p. 312.
3. Brother Against Brother, p. 86.
4. De Valera, pp. 329–330.
Chapter Forty-Two
1. The Irish Civil War (Coogan & Morrison), p. 207.
2. Michael Collins in His Own Words, p. 94.
3. Harry Boland, p. 243.
4. Michael Collins in His Own Words, p. 94.
5. Ireland’s Civil War, p. 426.
6. Michael Collins: The Big Fellow, p. 240.
7. Michael Collins: A Biography, p. 415.
8. Michael Collins: The Big Fellow, p. 254.
Chapter Forty-Three
1. De Valera, p. 340.
2. Richard Mulcahy: A Family Memoir, p. 196.
3. No Other Law, p. 279.
Chapter Forty-Four
1. Civil War in Connacht, p. 94.
2. Irish Independent, December 11, 1922.
3. Ireland in Quotes, p. 70.
4. The Irish Republic, p. 811.
5. Ireland in Quotes, p. 70.
Chapter Forty-Five
1. Report of Commandant Paddy O’Dalaigh, Military Archives, Cathal Brugha Barracks, Dublin.
2. Personal filmed testimony of Stephen Fuller, from Ballyseedy, Radio Telefeis Éireann documentary.
Chapter Forty-Six
1. Speeches and Statements by Eamon de Valera, p. 115.
2. De Valera, p. 356.
3. De Valera, p. 357.
4. The Irish Times Book of the Century, p. 144.
Chapter Forty-Seven
1. Eamon de Valera and the Banner County, p. 187.
Dramatis Personae
Fictional Characters
Henry Mooney: Born 1883 in County Clare, Ireland. Journalist.
Hannah Mooney: Henry’s widowed mother.
Bernard (b. 1885) and Noel (b. 1891) Mooney: Henry’s brothers.
Pauline “Polly” (b. 1895) and Alice (b. 1902) Mooney: Henry’s sisters.
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Louise Kearney: Henry’s widowed cousin.
Edward Joseph Halloran (Ned): Born 1897 in County Clare. Member of the Irish Volunteers.
Síle Duffy Halloran: Born 1895 in County Clare. Married to Ned Halloran.
Ursula Jervis (“Precious”): Born approximately 1910 in Dublin. Abandoned during the Bachelor’s Walk massacre in 1914. Informally adopted by Ned and Síle Halloran.
Matt Nugent: Dublin-based journalist specializing in international news.
Frank Halloran: Ned’s older brother.
Norah Daly: Ned’s aunt; his mother’s sister.
Lucy and Eileen Halloran: Ned’s younger sisters.
Ella Mansell Rutledge: Anglo-Irish widow. Older brother, Edwin Mansell, a solicitor, is married to Ava. Ella’s younger sister is Madge Mansell.
Kathleen Halloran Campbell: Ned’s older sister who lives in America.
Father Paul O’Shaughnessy: Former parish priest at Saint Xavier’s in Manhattan.
Tilly Burgess: The Mansells’ parlor maid.
Hester: The Mansells’ cook.
The Walshe family: Friends of Louise Kearney.
Major Wallace Congreve: Ella’s suitor.
Ernest and Winifred Mansell, Donald Baines, Ruth Mansell Moore, Ninian Speer: Ella’s London cousins.
Hector Hamilton: Painless dentist.
Historical Characters
Ackerman, Carl: American reporter for the Philadelphia Ledger who secretly worked as an informant for the British government.
Aiken, Frank (1898–1983): Appointed chief of staff of the IRA following the death of Liam Lynch.
Ashe, Thomas (1885–1917): Kerry-born, a teacher in the Dublin National Schools and resident of Lusk in North County Dublin; commanded the Fifth Battalion, North County Dublin (the Fingal Volunteers), during Easter Week. Died while on hunger strike. Grand-uncle of film star Gregory Peck.
Asquith, Herbert Henry (1852–1928): Prime minister of the United Kingdom, 1908–1916.
Barrett, Richard: Republican executed, together with McKelvey, Mellows, and O’Connor, in retaliation for the murder of Seán Hales.
Barry, Kevin Gerard (1902–1920): Member of the Irish Volunteers; graduate of Belvedere; medical student.
Barry, Tom (1898–1980): Member of the Irish Volunteers; commander of the West Cork flying column.
Barton, Robert Childers (1881–1975): Cousin of Erskine Childers; commandant in the Volunteers; member of the Treaty delegation; elected Teachtai Dála (member of the Irish parliament, or Dáil Éireann) for Wicklow/Kildare.
Boland, Harry (1887–1922): Member of the Sinn Féin executive committee; member of IRB; assisted Michael Collins in organizing de Valera’s escape from Lincoln Prison in February 1919; elected TD for South Roscommon 1919.
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