Ali, emir (son of Hussein), 16
journey to Rabegh, 17–18, 21–28
and military strategy, 27, 29, 35, 62
Ali el Alayan, 362–63
Ali ibn Hussein, sharif of Harith:
and Abd el Kader, 329, 330, 331, 333
at Azrak, 340, 341
and tribal rivalries, 332–33
Ali Riza Pasha, 91, 333, 343, 429
Ali Riza Rejabi, 431, 433
Allenby, Sir Edmund, 210, 355, 696
and Aqaba, 108, 110, 112
and Beersheba, 111, 297–98, 323, 331, 333–34, 352, 406
and Damascus, 112, 414, 425, 427, 429, 435–37
as EEF commander, 105, 318
and Feisal, 298, 300, 436–37
and Gaza, 323, 325, 326, 331–34, 352
honors and awards to, 384
and Jerusalem, 105, 112, 297, 307, 351–53, 356, 361
and Lawrence’s death, 679
Lawrence’s first meeting with, 108, 108, 110–11
Lawrence’s friendship with, 236, 382, 439, 654
and Lawrence’s mental anguish, 376, 377, 379
as mentor to Lawrence, 295–96, 341, 357, 378, 513
and Middle East diplomacy, 524, 689
military strategies of, 106, 111–12, 233n, 297–98, 307, 322–23, 325, 326, 357, 359, 374, 378–80, 391, 396, 401, 402, 406, 407, 411, 414
personal traits of, 111
and Salt, 391–92, 395, 413
and Seven Pillars, 500, 593, 623
and Thomas, 384, 481, 493
west bank [Jordan] victory of, 411–13, 414, 415
and World War I, 381–82
Allenby, Lady, 439, 481
All Souls College, Oxford University, 681
Lawrence as outsider at, 492
Lawrence’s dagger donated to, 587n
Lawrence’s fellowship at, 119, 185n, 484–85, 489–90, 491–92, 497, 503
as refuge, 490, 491
social network of, 143, 533, 557, 579
Altounyan, Dr. (Oriental rug collector), 231, 239, 475
Amanullah, king of Afghanistan, 632, 634, 639
American Indians, destruction of, 476
Amery, Leo, 576
Amman:
British raids on, 390, 403
as military goal, 406, 407
see also Jordan
Anazeh tribe, 423
Andrews, Wing Commander, 660
Angell, Flight Lieutenant, 633
Antoniou, Gregorios, 189, 192–93
Antonius, George, 268, 276
Aqaba:
Arab attack on, 98–102
Arab victory in, 102–6, 103, 110, 112, 238, 301, 518
defense and administrative support of, 103–4, 106–12
in history, 1
Lawrence in (prewar), 5–6, 63, 83, 238
Lawrence’s journey to, 82–92, 95–96, 97
and mapping expedition, 237–38
military base in, 298, 303, 306, 318, 380
motor vehicles in, 357–58, 359
strategic importance of, 1–2, 21, 67, 83, 89, 112
strategic thinking about, 81, 82, 85, 92, 95, 96, 100
Thomas in, 383–88
Turkish control of, 1–2, 4, 89
as turning point for Lawrence, 295
Arab army:
Bedouin tribesmen in, 14, 19–20, 31, 54, 65, 68, 299, 306, 310, 357, 360, 370, 374, 394
British use of, for its own purposes, 39–40, 81, 83–84, 402, 414
in conventional warfare, 366, 379, 401
demolition lessons for, 35n, 51–52, 77, 322, 531
diverse groups in, 19–21, 36, 68, 299, 306, 360, 370, 375, 402, 404–5
films of, 480
guerrilla warfare of, 57, 76–78, 93–94, 111, 297–98, 306, 310–11, 314–18, 322, 357, 359, 396, 696
Lawrence’s understanding of, 35, 56–57, 64, 66, 94–95, 187, 214, 296, 311, 400, 401–2, 405, 514, 518
and religion, 55–56
slapdash condition of, 35, 55, 56–57, 65–66, 401, 425–27, 432
thievery of, 36n, 426
Turkish superiority to, 20, 35, 36, 53, 57
“Twenty-Seven Articles” about, 56
victories needed by, 41, 81, 91, 314
victory at Aqaba, 102–6, 103, 110, 112, 301, 518
victory at Tafileh, 365–73, 380
victory at Wejh, 66–67, 68
weapons and money needed by, 35–36, 37, 38, 45, 57, 67, 104, 111, 285
Arab Bulletin, 7, 283, 362, 500, 526
Arab Bureau:
in Cairo, 7, 109, 273, 284, 477
creation of, 284, 285
Hussein supported by, 88
Lawrence’s work with, 7, 9, 48–49, 291, 376–77
roles in Arab Revolt, 11, 284
Arabia:
blood feuds in, 23, 72, 221
cruelty in, 34–35, 37
diseases in, 214, 215–16
foreign influence in, 197
hospitality in, 5, 23, 64, 73–74, 169, 170, 626
hostility toward Europeans in, 21, 403
hygiene lacking in, 36n, 64
ibn Saud’s ambitions for, 453
Lawrence’s ambitions for, 61, 405, 413–14, 429–30, 435, 437, 443, 451–52, 468, 477, 494, 512, 686, 696
map, 3
nationalism in, 19, 24, 41, 256, 258–59, 266, 267–69, 286, 507, 697
Rub al-Khali (Empty Quarter), 647
rulers of, 88, 277–78
sex in, 363–64
sharia law in, 526
slavery in, 20, 31
thievery in, 169
Arab Legion, 519, 528
Arab nation:
broken promises to, 506, 697
independent, as goal, 41, 259, 260, 262, 266–67, 456, 467, 696
and Jewish nation, 399–400, 465–68; see also Palestine; Zionism
nebulous concept of, 260–61, 266, 268
not ready for independence, 484, 517
and Paris Peace Conference, 100, 474
ruler planned for, 277–78
and Sykes-Picot Agreement, 39, 81–82, 276, 277–78, 361, 413, 436, 465, 486, 505
United Arab Republic, 697
Arab Revolt:
amnesty proposal for, 360–61, 398–99, 400
British agencies involved in, 11–12, 45–46, 104, 284, 483
British financial support for, 20, 32, 59, 62, 69–70, 87, 109, 110, 112, 259, 285, 292, 296, 302, 375, 376, 378, 500
British policies inconsistent in, 12, 82, 88
and British promises broken, 40–41, 304, 377, 378, 401, 436–37, 465, 486
early days of, 18–21
films of, 480, 691, 692
flag of, 272
Lawrence’s fame in, 80, 296–97, 301, 321, 361, 377, 382, 493, 499, 532, 570
Lawrence’s strategies in, 81, 83, 297–303, 518, 530–31, 696
laying groundwork for, 10, 40, 61–62, 256, 259–61, 268, 284
leadership needed in, 13, 32–38
motor vehicles used in, 357–58, 359–60, 377, 396, 408–9, 580
outbreak of, 270, 291–93
positive publicity about, 361, 387
Arfaja, journey to, 86–87
Aristophanes, 401n
Armenia:
Turkish genocide of, 37, 221, 223, 263, 304, 373, 398, 475–76
U.S. lack of interest in, 476
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 136, 141, 155, 165, 182, 222, 223, 225, 675
Asquith, Herbert H., 1st earl of Oxford, 59, 399n
Astor, Lady Nancy:
background of, 644
and Lawrence’s death, 679, 680
Lawrence’s friendship with, 134, 607n, 644–45
and Lawrence’s mother, 490
political contacts via, 652, 674–75
socializing with, 644, 648, 650, 656
Astor, Waldorf, Viscount Astor, 644
Auda Abu Tayi, 70, 85, 393, 608
at Abu el Lissal, 99–100
and Aqab
a, 81, 89–90, 106, 238
in Damascus, 431, 432
as Howeitat tribal leader, 68–69, 81, 87, 99, 301, 330
journey to Aqaba, 82, 84, 86, 87, 92, 95, 100, 239
journey to Azrak, 330, 331–32
journey to Damascus, 428
military strategies of, 81, 311, 357, 394, 417
negotiations with the Turks, 301–2, 304
personal traits of, 68–69, 90
and Seven Pillars, 69, 80–81, 499
at Tafas, 419, 420, 421
and Tafileh, 360, 365, 366, 367
and tribal rivalries, 92, 100
and Turkish retreat, 428–29
Ault, W. O., 156
Australian Mounted Division, 333–34, 414, 429, 433, 480
Austro-Hungarian army, in World War I, 10, 232
Austro-Hungarian Empire:
collapse of, 468
surrender of, 453
war declared by, 242
Aziz Ali Bey el Masri, 13, 17–18, 19
Aziz el Masri, 259
Azrak:
headquarters in, 340–41, 402, 405
journey to, 89, 327, 328–35
Baghdad:
attempts to capture, 5, 290–91
British occupation of, 40, 268, 398
Baker, Sir Herbert, 497, 499, 638, 673
Balbo, Italo, 648–49
Baldwin, Stanley, 447, 590–91, 602, 603, 674–75
Balfour, Arthur J., 39, 440, 461–62, 463, 467, 468, 475
Balfour Declaration (1917):
controversial nature of, 261, 329, 352, 519–20
and Feisal, 306, 399, 697
and McMahon-Hussein correspondence, 453
and Palestine, 519–20
planned adjustments to, 269n
Sykes’s input into, 272, 280, 306
and Zionism, 306, 399, 453, 454, 519–20, 531
Barr, James, Setting the Desert on Fire, 69
Barrie, J. M., 205
Barrow, Sir G. deS., 414, 423, 425–28, 432
Basra:
British occupation of, 5, 40, 257, 259, 268, 398
military intelligence in, 273, 284, 286–87
Beach, W. H., 289, 290
Beauforte-Greenwood, W. E. G., 653
Beaumont, Thomas, 394
Beaverbrook, William M. Aitken, Lord, 564
Becket, Thomas, 405
Bedouin tribesmen:
in Arab army, 14, 19–20, 31, 54, 65, 68, 299, 306, 310, 357, 360, 370, 374, 394; see also Arab army
and Arab regulars, 375, 401–2, 424
British army confusion about, 380
camels of, 24, 331
characteristics of, 57, 69, 87, 94, 95, 187, 212, 296, 301–2, 311, 316
clothing of, 22
desertions of, 60, 395
food of, 26–27, 84
and guerrilla warfare, 57, 58, 306, 358, 417
guide services of, 24
Hejaz dominated by, 260, 307, 625
hostility toward Europeans, 403
intimidated by modern war instruments, 14, 19
Lawrence’s leadership of, 187, 296, 356, 367, 395, 518–19, 522
and spoils of war, 63, 66, 94, 100–101, 102, 317, 318, 339–40, 364, 380, 395, 412, 417, 427
support for Arab Revolt, 85, 91, 375
and Thomas’s film, 387
tribal animosities of, 313, 332–33, 367, 404–5, 415, 424, 425, 430–33, 518
Beecham, Sir Thomas, 480
Beerbohm, Sir Max, 153
Beersheba:
Allenby’s attack on, 331, 333–34, 352, 406
as military goal, 111, 297–98, 323
Beeson, C. F. C. “Scroggs,” 141, 142, 144, 148, 150, 156
Beirut, Lawrence’s travels in, 169, 179
Belgium, German invasion of, 242, 246, 249
Bell, C. F., 165, 178
Bell, Gertrude, 140, 516
and Arab Bureau, 273, 284
and British intelligence activities, 252, 283
death of, 626
fame of, 194
Lawrence’s friendship with, 242, 513
and Lawrence’s postwar activities, 477, 512–13, 558
personal traits of, 194, 626
and postwar diplomacy, 471, 506, 512, 517
tribal information gathered by, 242, 283, 286
visit to Carchemish, 192, 194–95
Beni Ali, Turkish massacre of, 37
Beni Sakhr tribe, 332–33, 360, 364, 391–92
Beni Salem, as date growers, 30–31
Benn, Tony, 118
Betjeman, John, 155n
Billi tribes, 65
Bir el Sheikh, journey to, 22, 26–27
Birkenhead, Lord (formerly F. E. Smith), 271, 650
Biscayne “Baby” speedboats, 649
Biscuit (speedboat), 649–51, 652
Blake, William, 630
Blandford-Baker, Mark, 162n
Blériot, Louis, 171
Bliss, Howard S., 472n
Blumberg, Lillian, 691n
Blumenfeld, R. D., 564, 568, 630
Blunt, Wilfred Scawen, 506
Boer War, 57
Bolt, Robert, 692
Bone, Reginald, 627–29, 631
Bonham-Carter, Ian Malcolm, 550–51, 553
Borton, A. E. “BiÃy,” 606–7
Bowra, C. M., 661
Boyle, William “Ginger,” 43–44, 56, 59, 64, 65–66, 90, 301
Brando, Marlon, 692, 693
Bray, Sir Denis, 634
Breese, drill adjutant, 551–53
Brémond, Édouard, 48, 52, 60, 67, 70, 298, 458, 463
Britain:
ambitions for Middle East, 38–40, 42n, 60, 81–82, 83–84, 89, 92, 112, 253, 261, 270, 277–78, 284, 303, 504, 505, 533, 697
and Arab Revolt, see Arab Revolt
army of, see British army
and Balfour Declaration, 261, 269n, 272, 280, 306, 329, 352, 399, 453
class distinctions in, 443, 493, 535, 536, 540, 547, 584
colonial system of, 48, 686, 697, 698
the Establishment in, 182
events leading to World War I, 13, 242
Feisal’s visits to, 462–68, 464, 486–87, 511, 610
French rivalry with, 48, 270, 275, 453, 456, 460–61, 474
German rivalry in archaeology with, 184
and gold standard, 619
and the “great game,” 631–32
honors and awards to Lawrence from, 112–13, 373, 383, 384, 447–50, 486, 516, 518
Intelligence Department, Cairo, 252–55, 257, 258, 273, 284, 291
libel law in, 592, 598, 600
MI7 in, 444
and negotiated peace, 303–6, 398–99
and Palestine Exploration Fund, 63, 83, 232–41, 246
and Paris Peace Conference, 439–40, 453, 456–59, 462, 469, 475–76, 510
promises broken by, 14, 92, 378, 398, 401, 436–37, 444, 450, 452–53, 462, 506, 564, 697
promises made by, 261, 266, 268–69, 377, 465, 486
Schneider Trophy Cup won by, 649
spies for, 183, 221
and Suez Canal, 234, 256, 267, 282, 285, 510, 515
and Sykes-Picot agreement, see Sykes-Picot agreement
British army:
allies in World War I, 10, 242, 252, 304, 305
Arab army supported by, 70
CIGS (chief of imperial general staÃ), 45, 48–49, 112, 361
Desert Mounted Corps, 429
at Gallipoli, 4, 263–64, 269, 277, 282, 285, 290, 295
Imperial Camel Brigade, 381, 395–96, 402, 403, 404, 408, 598
RAF compared with, 579–80, 602
Royal Tank Corps, 576–81, 589
Sandhurst training of, 235–36
Turkish army underestimated by, 4
and World War I, 45, 245, 277, 304, 381
XX Corps, 380
British Army Service Corps, 70
British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 105, 304, 381
Briti
sh Museum, 184, 185, 186, 191, 197, 199, 209, 210, 222, 223
British Museum Library, 565, 618
British Power Boats factory, 653
Brooke, Rupert, 200, 265
Brough, George, 609, 612, 613
Brough motorcycles, 574, 581, 590, 595, 608, 609–10, 609, 612–13, 640, 643–44, 659, 678
Bruce, John “Jock,” 581–83, 585–88, 602, 657, 686
Brydon, William, 632
Buchan, John:
Greenmantle, 26, 623, 625
Lawrence’s correspondence with, 602, 626, 656
Lawrence’s friendship with, 589
on Lawrence’s writing, 620, 623
Bunsen, Sir Maurice de, 270
Bunyan, John, 630
Burma, in World War II, 29
Burmester, Rudolf, 108
Burns, Ken, 694
Burroughs, William, 344
Burton, Isabel, 327
Burton, Percy, 479, 481
Burton, Sir Richard, 94, 321, 327
Buswari Agha, 229, 240
Butler, Lady, 632
Buxton, Robert “Robin,” 403, 404, 598, 602
Cairo:
Arab Bureau in, 7, 109, 273, 284, 477
British in World War I in, 252–62, 265–70, 282–86, 382
Churchill’s meeting in, 513, 514, 516–17
Intelligence Department in, 252–55, 257, 258, 273, 284, 291
Survey Department in, 258
Callwell, C. E., Small Wars, 57, 58
Campbell, Joseph, 176, 178
’e Hero with a Thousand Faces, 141
Canterbury, archbishop of, 654
Capa, Robert, 558
Cape, Jonathan, see Jonathan Cape, publishing house
Carchemish [Iraq], 144, 184–201, 382
British interest in, 184–86, 199, 201, 204–5, 215, 221, 222, 240
Dahoum in, 196, 197, 212, 214, 224, 228, 646
Hittite ruins in, 184–85, 193, 196, 199, 204, 210, 216, 224, 240
Kurds in, 219–22, 226, 240
Lawrence’s archaeological work in, 191–96, 206–10, 214, 223–31, 239–41
Will’s visit to, 225, 228–30
Carden, Admiral, 263
Carnegie, Dale, 479n
Carson (A.S.C. soldier), 362–63
Carson, Sir Edward, 271
Carter, Howard, 203n
Carter, Maurice, 140n
Carton de Wiart, Sir Adrian, 235–36
Casement, Sir Roger, 654–55
Castro, Fidel, 29–30
Catchpole, Corporal, 678
Catherine the Great, 270n
Cecil, Lord Robert, 440, 443, 445, 446, 450, 456, 461
Cecil, William, 443
Chaignon family, 131
Chamberlain, Sir Austen, 650
Chamberlain, Neville, 675n
Chapman, Benjamin, 119, 121, 122
Chapman, Caroline, 530
Chapman, Edith Sarah Hamilton, Lady:
daughters of, 121, 122, 128
and her husband, 126, 127
religious zeal of, 122–23, 132
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