by Mark Zuehlke
13 Roy, Sinews of Steel, 249.
14 3rd Canadian Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment War Diary, n.p.
15 N.a., Governor General’s Horse Guards, 1939–1945 (Toronto: Canadian Military Journal, 1954), 81–82.
16 Vokes Papers, Royal Military College of Canada Massey Library, n.p.
17 Gordon McGregor, interview by author, 3 Jan. 2001, Victoria, BC.
18 Carleton and York Regiment War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, 13.
19 K.D. Landell, Royal Canadian Dragoons (Montreal: The Regiment, 1946), 78–79.
20Ibid., 79–80.
21 Lieutenant Colonel H.M. Jackson, The Princess Louise Dragoon Guards: A History (n.p., n.d.), 191.
22 McGregor interview.
23 Carleton and York War Diary, 13.
24 Nigel Taylor, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 15 July 1962, University of Victoria, Special Collections, 1–5.
25 Ibid.
26 Roy, 251.
27 Taylor correspondence, 5–6.
28 Roy, 250.
29 Nicholson, 429.
30 9th Canadian Armoured Regiment (British Columbia Dragoons) War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
31 Roy, 251.
CHAPTER 21 / OUR SOMEWHAT WEARY SHOULDERS
1 Lieutenant E.J. Perkins, “Account of Action,” n.d., Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1–3.
2 Lieutenant Colonel J.M. McAvity, Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians): A Record of Achievement (Toronto: Brigdens, 1947), 69.
3 Perkins, 3–6.
4 Ibid.
5 N.a., “Report on Operations: 2nd Canadian Armoured Regiment Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians) — 17 May to 31 May 1944,” n.d., Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
6 2nd Canadian Armoured Regiment (Lord Strathcona’s Horse) War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, p. 6.
7 McAvity, 74.
8 2nd Canadian Armoured Regiment War Diary, 7.
9 Perkins, 6–7.
10 Major John Mahony, “The Melfa Crossing,” 1948, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 4.
11 McAvity, 75.
12 Westminster Regiment (Motorized) War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
13 John Francis Burton, interview by Morgan Witzel, 12 Jan. 1984, University of Victoria Special Collections.
14 2nd Canadian Armoured Regiment War Diary, 7.
15 McAvity, 79.
16 Major J.E. Oldfield, The Westminsters’ War Diary: An Unofficial History of the Westminster Regiment (Motor) in World War II (New Westminster, BC: n.p., 1964), 76.
17 Major John Mahony, “The Melfa Crossing,” 5–6.
18 Perkins, 7–8.
19 Mahony, 6.
20 Dan Nikiforuk, interview by author, 27 Dec. 2000, Sidney, BC.
21 Mahony, 7.
22 Perkins, 8.
23 Mahony, 8.
24 Perkins, 9.
25 Mahony, 8–9.
26 Perkins, 9.
27 Mahony, 8–10.
28 Westminster War Diary, n.p.
29 Ibid.
30 Oldfield, 94–95.
31 Mahony, 11.
32 Ron Hurley, interview by author, 4 Oct. 2000, Vancouver, BC.
33 Mahony, 13.
CHAPTER 22 / BE VERY, VERY CAREFUL
1 Major John Mahony, “The Melfa Crossing,” 1948, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 14.
2 Ron Hurley, interview by author, 4 Oct. 2000, Vancouver, BC.
3 Mahony, 14.
4 Ron Hurley interview.
5 Mahony, 14.
6 Ron Hurley interview.
7 Brigadier T.E. Snow, “11th Canadian Infantry Brigade: Report on the Battle of the Liri Valley,” n.d., Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1–2.
8 Bert Hoffmeister, interview by B. Greenhous and W. McAndrew transcript, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., 89–90.
9 N.a., “9th Canadian Armoured Regiment (British Columbia Dragoons): Report of Operations — 19 May 1944 to 29 May 1944,” 7 June 1944, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
10 Reginald Roy, Sinews of Steel (Toronto: Charters Publishing, 1965), 255.
11 H.A. Smitheram, correspondence with Dr. Reginald Roy, 29 May 1962, University of Victoria, Special Collections, 1–2.
12 Roy, 256–57.
13 Mahony, 14.
14 Major J.E. Oldfield, The Westminsters’ War Diary: An Unofficial History of the Westminster Regiment (Motor) in World War II (New Westminster, BC: n.p., 1964), 92.
15 Roy, 257.
16 Neil Hockin, correspondence with Dr. Reginald Roy, 8 July 1962, University of Victoria, Special Collections, 7.
17 G.T. Dodd, correspondence with Dr. Reginald Roy, 16 July 1962, University of Victoria, Special Collections, 1.
18 Smitheram correspondence, 2.
19 R.A.C. Davis, correspondence with Dr. Reginald Roy, 27 Sept. 1962, University of Victoria, Special Collections, 1–2.
20 Stephen J. Coppinger, interview by Tom Torrie, 11 Aug. 1987, University of Victoria, Special Collections.
21 Neil Hockin correspondence, 2–3.
22 Coppinger interview.
23 Davis correspondence, 3.
24 Coppinger interview.
25 Davis correspondence, 3.
26 Coppinger interview.
27 Hockin correspondence, 3–7.
28 Smitheram correspondence, 2–4.
29 N.a., “4th Canadian Anti-tank Regiment, RCA: General Report and Lessons Learned on Operations — 22 May 1944 to 31 May 1944,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
30 Irish Regiment of Canada War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, p. 16.
31 N.a., “4th Canadian Anti-tank Regiment, RCA,” n.p.
32 Irish Regiment of Canada War Diary, 16.
33 Lieutenant E.J. Perkins, “Account of Action,” n.d., Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 12.
34 Ron Hurley interview.
35 Ibid.
36 Westminster War Diary, n.p.
37 G.W.L. Nicholson, Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 436.
38 John Ellis, Cassino: The Hollow Victory: The Battle for Rome January–June 1944 (London: Andre Deutsch, 1984), 421.
39 Nicholson, 436.
40 Ibid.
41 Dominick Graham and Shelford Bidwell, Tug of War: The Battle for Italy, 1943–1945 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986), 337.
42 Nicholson, 437–38.
43 8th Princess Louise’s New Brunswick Hussars War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
44 Douglas How, The 8th Hussars: A History of the Regiment (Sussex, NB: Maritime Publishing, 1964), 216.
45 Cape Breton Highlanders War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
46 The Perth Regiment of Canada War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
47 Carleton and York Regiment War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, p. 14.
48 Dodd correspondence, 2.
49 Smitheram correspondence, 4–5.
50 Ibid., 1.
51 David Kinloch, correspondence with author, 30 Nov. 2000.
CHAPTER 23 / A BIT OF A BLACK EYE
1 Brigadier T.E. Snow, “11th Canadian Infantry Brigade: Report on the Battle of the Liri Valley,” n.d., Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 3.
2 Colonel C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 179 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Canadian Operations in the Liri Valley,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 68.
3 Stanley Scislowski, Not All of Us Were Brave (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1997), 203–5.
4 Ibid.
5 Cape Breton Highlanders of Canada War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
6 Douglas How, The 8th Hussars: A History of the Regiment (Sussex, N
B: Maritime Publishing, 1964), 217–18.
7 Cape Breton Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
8 Scislowski, 205–6.
9 Snow, 3.
10 Bert Hoffmeister, interview by B. Greenhous and W. McAndrew transcript, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., 88.
11 N.a., “5 Canadian Armoured Regiment (8 NBH): Operations from Hitler Line to Ceprano, 24 May–31 May 1944,” n.d., National Archives of Canada, 7–8.
12 How, 218.
13 Cape Breton Highlanders War Diary, n.p.
14 Snow, 3.
15 How, 219.
16 Scislowski, 207.
17 Snow, 3.
18 G.W.L. Nicholson, Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 439–40.
19 Snow, 3.
20 N.a., “The Irish Regiment of Canada: Report on Operations — 17 May 1944 to 31 May 1944,” n.d., Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
21 Irish Regiment of Canada War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, p. 17.
22 Snow, 4.
23 Stacey, 69.
24 Snow, 4.
25 How, 220–21.
26 N.a., “5 Canadian Armoured Regiment (8 NBH): Operations from Hitler Line to Ceprano, 24 May–31 May 1944,” 9.
27 Scislowski, 208–9.
28 Ibid., 210.
29 N.a., “Report on Perth Operations: 24 May–30 May 1944, Appendix A,” 22 June 1944, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
30 Snow, 4.
31 Cape Breton Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
32 N.a., “49th Anti-tank Battery, RCA: Report on Recent Operations — 21 June 1944,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
33 Cape Breton Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
34 Snow, 4.
35 Nicholson, 440.
36 N.a., “49th Anti-tank Battery, RCA: Report on Perth Operations: 24 May–30 May 1944,” 3.
37 Snow, 4–5.
38 Nicholson, 441.
39 Col. A.J. Kerry and Maj. W.A. McDill, History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, vol. 2 (Ottawa: The Military Engineers Association of Canada, 1966), 211–12.
40 Nicholson, 441.
41 Kerry and McDill, 212.
42 Lt. Gen. E.L.M. Burns, General Mud: Memoirs of Two World Wars (Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1970), 159.
43 G.A. McCarter, correspondence with G.W.L. Nicholson, Deputy Director Historical Section General Staff, 3 April 1951, 3.
44 9th Canadian Armoured Regiment (British Columbia Dragoons) War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
45 Snow, 5.
46 N.a., “The Irish Regiment of Canada: Report on Operations, 17 May 1944 to 31 May 1944,” 3.
CHAPTER 24 / PUSH ON
1 David Kinloch, correspondence with author, 22 Nov. 2000.
2 Brigadier Desmond Smith, “The Crossing of the Melfa and the Securing of a Bridgehead by 5 Canadian Armoured Brigade Group,” in Canadian Operations in the Mediterranean Area: May 1944, Extracts from Memoranda (Series 20), n.d., National Archives of Canada, 11–12.
3 9th Canadian Armoured Regiment (British Columbia Dragoons) War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
4 Reginald Roy, Sinews of Steel (Toronto: Charters Publishing, 1965), 269.
5 Kinloch correspondence, 22 Nov. 2000.
6 9th Canadian Armoured Regiment War Diary, n.p.
7 Kinloch correspondence, 22 Nov. 2000.
8 9th Canadian Armoured Regiment War Diary, n.p.
9 Kinloch correspondence, 22 Nov. 2000.
10 N.a., “The Westminster Regiment (Motor): Report on Operations, 24 May–30 May 1944,” n.d. Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
11 9th Canadian Armoured Regiment War Diary, n.p.
12 Kinloch correspondence, 22 Nov. 2000.
13 Major J.C. Oldfield, The Westminsters’ War Diary: An Unofficial History of the Westminster Regiment (Motor) in World War II (New Westminster, BC: n.p., 1964), 99.
14 N.a., “The Westminster Regiment (Motor): Report on Operations, 24 May–30 May 1944,” n.p.
15 G.W.L. Nicholson, Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 444.
16 H.A. Smitheram, correspondence with Dr. Reginald Roy, 29 May 1962, University of Victoria, Special Collections, 5.
17 9th Armoured Regiment War Diary, n.p.
18 Smitheram correspondence, 5.
19 Kinloch correspondence, 22 Nov. 2000.
20 Roy, 271; Kinloch correspondence, 22 Nov. 2000.
21 N.a., “9th Canadian Armoured Regiment (British Columbia Dragoons): Report on Operations — 19 May 1944 to 29 May 1944,” 7 June 1944, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 3.
22 The Westminster Regiment (Motorized) War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
23 Brigadier T.E. Snow, “11th Canadian Infantry Brigade: Report on the Battle of the Liri Valley,” n.d., Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 5.
24 Stanley Scislowski, Not All of Us Were Brave (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1997), 218.
25 Snow, 5.
26 N.a., “Report on Perth Operations: 24 May–30 May 1944,” 22 June 1944, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
27 Colonel C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 179 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Canadian Operations in the Liri Valley,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 72.
28 Snow, 5.
29 Stacey, 71.
30 Ibid., 220–21.
31 John Ellis, Cassino: The Hollow Victory: The Battle for Rome, January–June 1944 (London: Andre Deutsch, 1984), 448–51.
32 Nicholson, 437.
33 Ellis, 448.
34 Ibid., 451.
35 Rowland Ryder, Oliver Leese (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1987), 171–72.
36 Douglas How, The 8th Hussars: A History of the Regiment (Sussex, NB: Maritime Publishing, 1964), 222.
37 8th Princess Louise’s New Brunswick Hussars War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
38 N.a., “Report on Operations: 2nd Canadian Armoured Regiment, Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians) 17 May to 31 May 1944,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 3.
39 Lieutenant Colonel J.M. McAvity, Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians): A Record of Achievement (Toronto: Brigdens, 1947), 90–94.
CHAPTER 25 / VIVA IL CANADESE
1 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
2 Loyal Edmonton War Diary, May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
3 G.R. Stevens, Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, 1919–1957, vol. 3 (Griesbach, AB: Historical Committee of the Regiment, n.d.), 165.
4 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, May 1944, Sheet 27, National Archives of Canada.
5 Loyal Edmonton War Diary, n.p.
6 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, Sheet 28.
7 N.a., “Report on Action of May 31 1944, Appendix 17 to Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary,” May 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
8 Reginald Roy, The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 1919–1965 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1969), 315–16.
9 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
10 Strome Galloway, interview by author, 6 May 2000, Ottawa.
11 Jim Stone, interview by William S. Thackray, 13 and 20 May; 3, 10, and 17 June 1980, University of Victoria, Special Collections.
12 N.a., Operations — Italy — Hitler Line, “Part VI 2 Canadian Infantry Brigade in the Liri Valley Battle, Section V: Capture of Mt. Radicino,” RG 24, Volume 10779, National Archives of Canada, n.d.
13 Lt. Col. Jim Ritchie, “Capture of Ferentino and Anagni by the RCR,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1.
14 Lt. Col. H.M. Jackson, The Princess Louise Dragoon Guar
ds: A History (Ottawa: The Regiment, 1952), 193.
15 G.R. Stevens, The Royal Canadian Regiment: Vol. 2, 1933–1966 (London, ON: London Printing, 1967), 142.
16 Lt. G. Potts, “The Following Supplementary Narrative,” attached to Lt. Col. Jim Ritchie, “Capture of Ferentino and Anagni by the RCR,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
17 Strome Galloway, A Regiment at War: The Story of the Royal Canadian Regiment, 1939–1945 (Royal Canadian Regiment, reprint 1979), 143.
18 Bill Worton, interview by author, 4 Oct. 2000, Vancouver, BC.
19 Colonel C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 179 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Canadian Operations in the Liri Valley, Appendix C,” Department of National Defence, n.d., n.p.
20 Bill McAndrew, Canadians and the Italian Campaign, 1943–1945 (Montreal: Éditions Art Global, 1996), 108.
21 Lt. Gen. E.L M. Burns, General Mud: Memoirs of Two World Wars (Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1970), 162–63.
22 Burns correspondence to Crerar, 7 July 1944, MG30 E157, vol. 7, National Archives of Canada.
23 Brigadier T.E. Snow, “11th Canadian Infantry Brigade: Report on the Battle of the Liri Valley,” n.d., Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 7–8.
24 Documents contained in MG30, E157 GOC-in-C 5-0-3, vol. 1, National Archives of Canada.
25 Galloway interview.
26 Pierre Potvin, account in possession of the author, translated from French version published in The Citadelle (Tony Poulin, trans.), n.d., n.p.
27 Jean V. Allard, The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1988), 82.
28 Galloway interview.
29 Galloway, A Regiment at War, 146.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
Allard, Jean V. The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1988.
Beattie, Kim. Dileas: History of the 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1929–1956. Toronto: 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1957.
Bennett, Ralph. Ultra and Mediterranean Strategy: 1944–1945. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1989.
Bishop, Arthur. Courage on the Battlefield: Canada’s Military Heritage, Vol. 2. Toronto: McGraw Hill-Ryerson, 1993.
Blumenson, Martin. Mark Clark: The Last of the Great World War II Commanders. New York: Congdon & Weed, 1984.
