by Tim Noakes
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69.See the Heart Mark product list: http://www.heartfoundation.co.za/products.
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76.A.W. Brown, J.P. Ioannidis, M.B. Cope et al., ‘Unscientific beliefs about scientific topics in nutrition’, Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md) 5(5), 2014: 563–5.
77.Ibid.
78.J.P. Ioannidis, ‘The mass production of redundant, misleading, and conflicted systematic reviews and meta-analyses’, Milbank Quarterly 94(3), 2016: 485–514.
79.J. le Fanu, The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine (London: Abacus, 2013), 398–9.
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82.P.C. Gøtzsche, Deadly Medicines and Organised Crime: How Big Pharma has Corrupted Healthcare (Florida: CRC Press, 2013), 26–32.
83.Ibid., 61.
84.K. Child, ‘Tim Noakes diet is “criminal” says doctor’, Times, 4 August 2014.
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89.W. Stassen, ‘Noakes diet particularly dangerous for Afrikaans population’, Health-E News, 11 August 2014, available at https://www.health-e.org.za/2014/08/11/noakes-diet-particularly-dangerous-afrikaans-population/ (last accessed 2 August 2017).
90.Credit Suisse Research Institute, ‘Fat: The New Health Paradigm’, September 2015: 6, available at http://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/index.cfm?fileid=9163B920-CAEF-91FB-EE5769786A03D76E (last accessed 2 August 2017).
91.Z. Harcombe, ‘Familial hypercholesterolemia’, ZoeHarcombe.com, 7 November 2016, available at http://www.zoeharcombe.com/2016/11/familial-hypercholesterolemia-fh/ (last accessed 2 August 2017).
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93.H.A. Neil, M.M. Hawkins, P.N. Durrington et al., ‘Non-coronary heart disease mortality and risk of fatal cancer in patients with treated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: A prospective registry study’, Atherosclerosis 179(2), 2005: 293–7.
94.E.J. Sijbrands, R.G. Westendorp, J.C. Defesche et al., ‘Mortality over two centuries in large pedigree with familial hypercholesterolaemia: family tree mortality study’, BMJ 322(7293), 2001: 1019–23.
95.R.R. Williams, S.J. Hasstedt, D.E. Wilson et al., ‘Evidence that men with familial hypercholesterolemia can avoid early coronary death: An analysis of 77 gene carriers in four Utah pedigrees’, JAMA 255(2), 1986: 219–24.
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97.L. Pérez de Isla, R. Alonso, N. Mata et al., ‘Predicting cardiovascular events in familial hypercholesterolemia: The SAFEHEART Registry’, Circulation 135(22), 2017: 2133–44.
98.M. Sebestjen, B. Zegura, B. Guzic-Salobir et al., ‘Fibrinolytic parameters and insulin resistance in young survivors of myocardial infarction with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia’, Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 113(3–4), 2001: 113–8.
99.M. Paquette, M. Chong, S. Theriault et al., ‘Polygenic risk score predicts prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia’, Journal of Clinical Lipidology 11, 2017: 725–32.
100.J. Versmissen, D.M. Oosterveer, M. Yazdanpanah et al., ‘Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: A long term cohort study’, BMJ 2008;337:a2423; F.J. Raal, G.J. Pilcher, V.R. Panz et al., ‘Reduction in mortality in subjects with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia associated with advances in lipid-lowering therapy’, Circulation 124(20), 2011: 2202–7.
101.J.S. Hill, M.R. Hayden, J. Frohlich et al., ‘Genetic and environmental factors affecting the incidence of coronary artery disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia’, Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology 11(2), 1991: 290–7; T.A. Miettinen and H. Gylling, ‘Mortality and cholesterol metabolism in familial hypercholesterolemia: Long-term follow-up of 96 patients’, Arteriosclerosis (Dallas, Tex) 8(2), 1988: 163–7; A.C. Jansen, E.S. van Aalst-Cohen, M.W. Tanck et al., ‘The contribution of classical risk factors to cardiovascular disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia: Data in 2400 patients’, Journal of Internal Medicine 256(6), 2004: 482–90; I. Skoumas, C. Masoura, C. Pitsavos et al., ‘Evidence that non-lipid cardiovascular risk factors are associated with high prevalence of coronary artery disease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or familial combined hyperlipidemia’, International Journal of Cardiology 121(2), 2007: 178–83; Pérez de Isla, Alonso, Mata et al., ‘Predicting cardiovascular events in familial hypercholesterolemia: The SAFEHEART Registry’.
102.A. Postiglione, A. Nappi, A. Brunetti et al., ‘Relative protection from cerebral atherosclerosis of young patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia’, Atherosclerosis 90(1), 1991: 23–30.
103.D.D. Sugrue, I. Trayner, G.R. Thompson et al., ‘Coronary artery disease and haemostatic variables in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia’, British Heart Journal 53(3), 1985: 265–8; A.C. Jansen, E.S. van Aalst-Cohen, M.W. Tanck et al., ‘Genetic determinants of cardiovascular disease risk in familial hypercholesterolemia’, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 25(7), 2005: 1475–81; Sebestjen, Zegura, Guzic-Salobir et al., ‘Fibrinolytic parameters and insulin resistance in young survivors of myocardial infarction with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia’;
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104.M. Kendrick, ‘Should women be offered cholesterol lowering drugs to prevent cardiovascular disease? No’, BMJ 334(7601), 2007: 983; B.H. Roberts, The Truth About Statins (New York: Pocket Books, 2012).
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107.R. Cai, Y. Yuan, J. Sun et al., ‘Statins worsen glycemic control of T2DM in target LDL-c level and LDL-c reduction dependent manners: A meta-analysis’, Expert Opinion in Pharmacotherapy 17(14), 2016.
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110.N.A. Melville, ‘Statin use linked to increased Parkinson’s risk’, Medscape, 26 October 2016. G. Liu, N.W. Sterling, L. Kong, et al. ‘Statins may facilitate Parkinson’s disease: Insight gained from a large, national claims database’. Movement Disorders 32(6), 2017: 913–917.
111.A.A. Alsheikh-Ali, P.V. Maddukuri, H. Han et al., ‘Effect of the magnitude of lipid lowering on risk of elevated liver enzymes, rhabdomyolysis, and cancer: Insights from large randomized statin trials’, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50(5), 2007: 409–18.
112.M.W. Moyer, ‘It’s not dementia, it’s your heart medication: Cholesterol drugs and memory’, Scientific American, 1 September 2010, available at https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/its-not-dementia-its-your-heart-medication/ (last accessed 3 August 2017).
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114.H. Okuyama, P.H. Langsjoen, T. Hamazaki et al., ‘Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: Pharmacological mechanisms’, Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 8(2), 2015.
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130.E.J. Sijbrands, R.G. Westendorp, J.C. Defesche et al., ‘Mortality over two centuries in large pedigree with familial hypercholesterolaemia: Family tree mortality study’, BMJ 322(7293), 2001: 1019–23; Pérez de Isla, Alonso, Mata et al., ‘Predicting cardiovascular events in familial hypercholesterolemia: The SAFEHEART Registry’.
Chapter 8: The Banting for Babies Tweet
1.Watch Sharyl Attkisson’s TEDx Talk, ‘Astroturf and manipulation of media messages’, for an explanation of astroturfers. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bYAQ-ZZtEU (last accessed 2 August 2017). S. Attkisson. The Smear. How shady political operatives and fake news control what you see, what you think and how you vote. New York: Harper Collins, 2017.
2.T.D. Noakes, ‘Low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake can manage obesity and associated conditions: Occasional survey’, SAMJ 103(11), 2013: 826–30.
3.‘Prof Tim Noakes: Clarifying the controversy’, Nutritional Solutions, 31 January 2014, available at http://www.nutritionalsolutions.co.za/prof-tim-noakes-clarifying-the-controversy/ (last accessed 2 August 2017).
4.M. Ellmer, ‘The nutritional management of adult burn wound patients in South Africa’, master’s thesis, University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
5.M. Bishay, J. Pichler, V. Horn et al., ‘Intestinal failure-associated liver disease in surgical infants requiring long-term parenteral nutrition’, Journal of Pediatric Surgery 47(2), 2012: 359–62.
6.‘Conversations with Prof Tim Noakes’, Nutritional Solutions, 6 February 2014, available at http://www.nutritionalsolutions.co.za/
conversations-with-prof-tim-noakes/ (last accessed 2 August 2017).
7.N. Teicholz, ‘The scientific report guiding the US dietary guidelines: Is it scientific?’, BMJ 2015;351:h4962; ‘BMJ won’t retract controversial dietary guidelines article; issues lengthy correction’, Retraction Watch, 2 December 2016.
8.Z. Harcombe, ‘An examination of the randomised controlled trial and epidemiological evidence for the introduction of dietary fat recommendations in 1977 and 1983: A systematic review and meta-analysis’, PhD thesis, University of the West of Scotland, March 2016.
9.A.L. McKenzie, S.J. Hallberg, B.C. Creighton et al., ‘A novel intervention including individualized nutritional recommendations reduces hemoglobin A1c level, medication use, and weight in type 2 diabetes’, JMIR Diabetes 2(1), 2017: e5.
10.Credit Suisse Research Institute, ‘Fat: The New Health Paradigm’, September 2015: 21, available at http://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/index.cfm? fileid=9163B920-CAEF-91FB-EE5769786A03D76E (last accessed 2 August 2017).
11.M. Ellmer, ‘Is the LCHF diet suitable and safe for infants?’, Nutritional Solutions, 4 March 2014, http://www.nutritionalsolutions.co.za/is-the-lchf-diet-suitable-and-safe-for-infants/ (last accessed 2 August 2017).
12.A.C. Estampador and P.W. Franks, ‘Genetic and epigenetic catalysts in early-life programming of adult cardiometabolic disorders’, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity 7, 2014: 575–86.
13.M. Ellmer, ‘LCHF diets continued: Are they safe for pregnant and/or breastfeeding mothers?’, Nutritional Solutions, 5 March 2014, available at http://www.nutritionalsolutions.co.za/lchf-diets-
continued-are-they-safe-for-pregnant-andor-breastfeeding-mothers/ (last accessed 2 August 2017).
14.Health Professions Act 56 of 1974, ‘Regulations Defining the Scope of the Profession of Dietetics’, available at http://www.hpcsa.co.za/Uploads/editor/UserFiles/
downloads/legislations/regulations/dn/regulations/regulations_gnr891_91.pdf (last accessed 2 August 2017).
