by Tim Noakes
social media
Adams’s remarks in verdict
as double-edged sword
driving the Banting revolution
Facebook pages
information or misinformation
is the future of medical advice
no HPCSA norms/standards
see also tweets, ‘Banting for baby’; Twitter
South African Committee of Medical Deans
South African Heart Association
South African Medical Association
South African Presidential Order
South African Sugar Association
see also sugar
Soweto heart study
soybeans
Spence, Dr Des
sponsors
ADSA
AND (USA)
HSFSA
see also funding
sport, doping in
sports drinks
sports injuries
sports medicine authorities
sports performance
Sports Science Institute of SA
co-founded with Morné du Plessis
funded by Discovery Health
partner to HSFSA
Stamler, Jeremiah
Stassen, Wilma
statins
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
cardiologists’ support for
cerivastatin (Baycol)
criticised at low-carb summit
De Lorgeril’s views on
and diet-heart hypothesis
and efficacy for women
and efficacy in preventing strokes/heart attacks
and established CHD/FH
Great Cholesterol Con
possible side-effects
predictor of future CVD risk in FH
risk for developing T2DM
Rossouw’s support for
The Truth About Statins
use in secondary prevention
Stefansson, Vilhjalmur
Stellenbosch review see Naudé review
stenting procedure
Steyn, Professor Krisela
Steyn, Professor Nelia
Stilwell, Dr Martinique
strokes
and efficacy of statins
and FH
and intake of saturated fat
IR/hyperinsulinaemia as precursor to
predictors of risk
and T2DM/arterial disease
see also cardiovascular disease (CVD); coronary heart disease (CHD); heart attacks
Strydom, Claire Julsing
conflicts of interest as expert witness
declines invite to low-carb summit
hearing, testimony at
hearing, does not attend further sessions
ignorance of ketosis
lodges complaint against Noakes
medical ‘advice’ to Leenstra
member of GLiMMER
promotion of polyunsaturated fats
real motivation for complaint against Noakes
relationship with Sboros
tapes Noakes’s talk
telephones Leenstra
tweets
sucrose
sugar
addiction to
Ancel Keys’s views on
in breakfast cereals
changes in sugar intake
conflictual debate around
‘dietary enemy number one’
dietitian advises low-sugar intake
driver of IR/metabolic syndrome/obesity/T2DM
found in processed foods
fructose
and hypertension
increased intake of Greenland Inuit
link to cancer
publications/videos on
replacement for fats
and risk of CHD
saccharine diseases
sucrose
and T2DM
toxic ingredient/drug
US consumption
Yudkin’s warnings against
see also South African Sugar Association
sugary beverages
summit, low-carb see Old Mutual Health Convention
Sun Tzu
supersession
Surtees, Bridget
Swellendam (W Cape)
Swiss people
Sydney Diet Heart Study
Taflinger, Richard
Taubes, Gary
attends low-carb summit
critique of weight-loss advice
publications
value of RCTs
Tayler, Dr Rod
Teicholz, Nina
Bhoopchand’s objections to
Big Fat Surprise
critique of US dietary guidelines
testimony at hearing
unable to attend low-carb summit
working background
Terblanche, John
Thomson, Karen
Till, Anne
Tim’s Angels see Harcombe, Dr Zoë; Teicholz, Nina; Zinn, Dr Caryn
tobacco see smoking
Tolstoy, Leo
Tosh, Billy
Tour de France
traditional foods
trans fats see fats, trans fats
Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans (THUSA) study
treatment protocols
triathlons
triglyceride concentrations
and carbohydrate intake
and different levels of IR
and IR
and NAFLD
and polyunsaturated fats
as predictor of CVD
and sugar intake
Tsenoli, Lechesa
Tutu, Archbishop Desmond
tweets, ‘Banting for baby’
Ilbury’s views on
Kruger’s testimony
Noakes’s ‘ketogenic diet’ tweet
Noakes’s testimony
Strydom’s testimony
closing arguments of hearing
Vorster’s testimony
verdict of hearing
Twitter
criticism of Sboros
Noakes’s use of
suitability as medium for dietary/medical advice
see also social media
Two Oceans marathon
type-1 diabetes (T1DM)
CDE promotes high-carb diet
deficiency in insulin
and insulin treatment
and ketoacidosis
LCHF diet reverses dental caries
need for reduced carbohydrate intake
see also diabetes; insulin resistance (IR)
type-2 diabetes (T2DM)
and arterial disease
begins during pregnancy
can be reversed
diagnosis of
efficacy of LCHF diet
escalating epidemic of
and glucose metabolism
and HbA1c concentrations
and ‘heart-healthy’ diet
high insulin secretion
and insulin treatment
and ketoacidosis
and kidney failure
limit on carbohydrate intake
link to dietary guidelines
link to statins
metabolism of carbohydrates
Noakes’s case studies
Noakes’s experience
overproduction of glucose by liver
prevalence under CDIA
and sugar intake
traditional vs modern foods
WHIRCDMT findings
see also diabetes; insulin resistance (IR)
type-3 diabetes
UCT Centenary Debate
less debate than kangaroo court
Noakes’s presentation
Rossouw’s presentation
SAMJ article
Volmink’s conclusions
UCT Division of Human Nutrition
UCT Faculty of Health Sciences
benefits from pharmaceutical industry
hosts Centenary Debate
standard tea
ching on fat
support for diet-heart hypothesis
Willem de Villiers appointed dean
UCT professors’ letter
background to
link to ‘Big Fat Debate’ website
Max Klein’s response
media response
Noakes’s response
personally devastating to Noakes
Stilwell’s article
support for statins
text of the letter
timing of
used in decision to charge Noakes
Uganda
Uniform Rules of the Court
Unilever
United Kingdom
dietary guidelines
sugar consumption
United States of America (USA)
American Indians
and burgeoning heart disease
changes in dietary patterns
life expectancy
link between heart problems and smoking
prevalence of diabetes
rising rates of cancer
statistics on obesity
see also dietary guidelines (USA); Women’s Health Initiative (WHIRCDMT) study
universities, function of
University of Cape Town (UCT)
bestows Doctor of Science degree on Noakes
hearing a bad reflection on
partner to HSFSA
University of Stellenbosch
University of the Witwatersrand
uric-acid concentrations
US Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
US National Academy of Medicine
Van der Merwe, Professor Tessa
Van der Nest, Michael
offers services for free
part of Noakes’s legal team
personal qualities
first session
second session
third session
Noakes’s testimony
Angels’ testimony
closing arguments
Van Niekerk, Johan
Van Onselen, Charles
vegetable oils see fats, polyunsaturated; fats, trans fats
vegetables
Venter, Rita
Victorian period
Villette, Francesca
visceral adiposity
visceral obesity
Visser, Danie
Vitality HealthyFood benefit
vitamins
absorption of
fat-soluble
and phytates
in traditional foods
vitamin A
vitamin B
vitamin B6/B12
vitamin C
vitamin D
vitamin D3
Vogel, Joel
Volek, Professor Jeff
Volmink, Professor Jimmy
Centenary Debate
co-author of Naudé review
Discovery Vitality presentation
SAMRC recognition award
Vorster, Professor Hester
conflicts of interest as expert witness
contribution to SA’s dietary guidelines
expert witness for HPCSA
links to the ILSI
report for HPCSA
and SA’s paediatric guidelines
testimony in hearing
Wald, N.J.
Walsh, David
Warburg, Dr Otto
Ware, W.R.
Waterlogged: The Serious Problem of Overhydration in Endurance Sports (Noakes)
Watson, Gary
weight gain
weight loss
brain drives addictive eating
CICO obesity model
and degree of IR
and exercising
forensic analysis of Naudé review
on LCHF diet
LCHF vs LFHC diets
Noakes’s experience
Opie’s partial endorsement of LCHF diet
UCT’s standard teaching on
see also hunger control
Wentzel-Viljoen, Professor Edelweiss
Western Cape
Westman, Dr Eric
attends low-carb summit
author of New Atkins for a New You
wheat
allergies
leaky-gut syndrome
White, Dr Denise
White, Dr Paul Dudley
White, Jake
wholegrain carbohydrates
Wits University
Wolmarans, P.W.
women
and atherosclerosis
cholesterol not an important factor
link between survival and cholesterol concentration
overestimation of risk factors
and statin treatment
study on CHD in Finland
total CVD mortality
and weight gain
Women’s Health Initiative (WHIRCDMT) study
disproves diet-heart hypothesis
finding on weight gain
link between T2DM and CHD
missing information in
support for US dietary guidelines
see also Rossouw, Professor Jacques
Woods, P.D.P.
Woolmer, Bob
Wortman, Dr Jay
Yam, D.
Yellowlees, Dr Walter
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny
Young, Taryn
Yudkin, Professor John
Zamora, Daisy
Zinn, Dr Caryn
Zulu people
The following extracts were used with permission:
Richard Smith, ‘Are some diets “mass murder”?’, BMJ, 2014;349:g7654
C. Bateman, ‘Inconvenient truth or public health threat?’ SAMJ, 103(2), 2013: 69–71
A. Dreger, Galileo’s Middle Finger: Heretics, Activists, and One Scholar’s Search for Justice, New York: Penguin Press, 2015
‘Experts warn against Noakes diet’, Health24, 31 July 2014
Z. Harcombe and T.D. Noakes, ‘Naudé et al. avoid answering the essential question: Mistake or mischief?’, SAMJ, 107(5), 2017: 360–1
V. Mungal-Singh, ‘Heart Foundation’s open letter to Tim Noakes’, Health24, updated 27 September 2016, available at http://bit.ly/X4ekuD
W. Stassen, ‘Noakes diet particularly dangerous for Afrikaans population’, Health-E News, 11 August 2014
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