by Sandy Tolan
For Lamis, who opened up worlds, and the Andoni family, who showed me the generosity and warmth of an Arab family: I will always be grateful. Thank you, Margaret, Reem, Jack, Wido, Tala, Lana, Nabil, Missy, Laila, Charlie, and Michael.
To my brother, Yam, and all the aforementioned Tolans, to Tolan spouses, nephews, and nieces: I love you all.
Finally, to Bashir Khairi and Dalia Eshkenazi Landau, who sat with me dozens of times over hundreds of hours, listening to the smallest questions, sometimes with disbelief ("How do /know what color my tie was in July 1967?"), I can only say: In more ways than one, this book would not have existed without you. Alf shukran. Toda roba.
Thank you.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: WORKS CITED
Archives
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archives. Queens, New York, and Jerusalem, Israel.
Broadcast Archives of the British Broadcasting Corporation. London.
The Central Zionist Archives. Jerusalem, Israel.
Israel State Archives. Jerusalem, Israel.
Institute for Palestinian Studies Archives. Beirut, Lebanon.
Lyndon Baines Johnson Library Archives. Austin, Texas.
Kibbutz Na'an Archives. Kibbutz Na'an, Israel.
National Archives of Bulgaria. Sofia, Bulgaria.
National Archives of the United States. Washington, D.C.
National Library of Bulgaria. Sofia, Bulgaria.
Palestinian Association for Cultural Exchange. Ramallah, West Bank.
Electronic Sources (Including Online Media)
"A Small Revolution in Ramie." Ha'aretz. http://www.haaretzdaily.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=337040&contrassID = 2&subContrassID = 5&sbSubContrass ID=0&listSrc=Y.
"Background of the Repatriation and Land Exportation Schemes and the Laws Purporting to Justify Israel's Actions." http://www.badil.org/Publications/Legal_Papers/cescr-2003-Al.pdf.
Bard, Dr. Mitchell. "Myth and Fact: The Creation of Hamas." United Jewish Communities: The Federations of North America, http://www.ujc.org/content_display.html?ArticleID=l 14644.
Bodendorfer, Gerhard. "Jewish Voices About Jesus." Jewish-Christian Relations, http:// www.jcrelations.net/en/?id=738.
"Count Folke Bernadotte." Jewish Virtual Library. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary. org/jsource/biography/Bernadotte.html.
"Giuliani: 'Thank God That George Bush Is Our President.'" CNN. http:// www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/08/30/giuliani.transcript/index.html.
"Gregorian-Hijri Dates Converter." June 7, 2005. http://www.rabiah.com/convert/ "Gregorian-Hijri Dates Converter." June 7, 2005. http://www.rabiah.com/convert/ convert.php3.
"Hezbollah Fires Rockets into Northern Israel." CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ WORLD/9603/israel_lebanon/30/.
"Interview with Defense Minister Arens on Israel Television—8 May 1983." Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign+Relations/ Israels+Foreign+Relations+since+1947/1982-1984/ 111 +Interview+with+Defense+ Minister+Arens+on+Israe.htm.
"Israel 1948-1967: Why Was King Abdullah of Jordan Assassinated in 1951?" Palestine Facts, http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1948tol967_abdulla.php.
"Israeli Army Blows Up Palestinian Broadcasting Center." CNN. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/01/18/mideast.violence.
"Israeli West Bank Barrier." Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_ Bank_barrier.
"Israel Sends Letter to UN Protesting Hezbollah Attack." Ha'aretz. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=436197&contrassID= 13.
"John Kerry: Strengthening Israel's Security." Jewish Virtual Library. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/kerryisrael.html.
"Knowledge Bank: Profiles—Gamel Abdel Nasser." CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ Gamel Abdel Nasser." CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/nasser.
"Lebanese Mortar Lands in Northern Israel." http://archives.tcm.ie/breakingnews/ 2005/08/25/story217788.asp.
Meron, Ya'akov. "Why Jews Fled the Arab Countries." http://www.freerepublic.com/ focus/f-news/956344/posts.
"Moroccan Jewish Immigration to Israel." http://rickgold.home.mindspring.com/ Emigration/emigration%20statistics.htm.
"Moroccan Jews." http://www.usa-morocco.org/moroccan-jews.htm.
Pappe, Ilan. "Were They Expelled?—The History, Historiography and Relevance of the Palestinian Refugee Problem." http://www.nakbainhebrew.org/library/were_ they_expelled.rtf
"PLO Founder Killed by Israeli Missile Attack." News.telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/08/28/wmid28.xml.
"Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator on Palestine Submitted to the Secretary-General for Transmission to the Members of the United Nations." UNI-SPAL. http://domino.un.Org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/abl4d4aafc4elbb985256204004f55 fa?OpenDocument.
"Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator on Palestine." UNISPAL. http:// domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/O/cc33602f61b0935c8025648800368307? Document.
Remnick, David. "Profiles: The Spirit Level: Amos Oz Writes the Story of Israel." The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/P04ll08fa_fact.
Shlaim, Avi. "Israel and the Arab Coalition in 1948." Cambridge University Press. http://www.fathom.com/course/72810001.
"The Law of Return 5710 (1950)." Knesset, http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/ "The Law of Return 5710 (1950)." Knesset, http://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/ eng/return.htm.
"The Making of Transjordan." Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/his_transjordan.html.
"The Separation Barrier in the West Bank." B'tselem. September 2005. http:// www.btselem.org/Download/Separation_Barrier_Map_Eng.pdf.
"Water and the Arab-Israeli Conflict." http://www.d-n-i.net/al_aqsa_intifada/collins_ water.htm.
"Why Did Arabs Reject the Proposed UN GA Partition Plan Which Split Palestine into Jewish and Arab States?" Palestine Remembered, http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Palestine-Remembered/Story448.html.
Yacobi, Haim. "From Urban Panopticism to Spatial Protests: Housing Policy, Segregation, and Social Exclusion of the Palestinian Community in the City of Lydda-Lod." 2001. http://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/dl/622_yacobi.pdf.
Zureik, Elia. "Palestinian Refugees and the Peace Process." http://www.arts.mcgill.ca/ Zureik, Elia. "Palestinian Refugees and the Peace Process." http://www.arts.mcgill.ca/MEPP/PrrN/papers/Zureik2.html
Newspaper and Magazine Articles in Print
"2 Die, 8 Wounded in J'lem Terror Outrage at Supersol." Jerusalem Post, February 23, 1969.
Amos, Elon. "War Without End." New York Review, July 15, 2004.
"Anglican Clergyman, Surgeon, Among Those Held in Terrorist Round-Up." Jerusalem Post, March 4, 1969.
Bellos, Susan. "Supersol Victims Buried; Allon Promises Vengeance." Jerusalem Post, February 24, 1969.
Bilby, Kenneth. "Israeli Tanks Take Arab Air Base at Lydda." New York Herald Tribune, July 11, 1948.
—. "Israeli Units Cut Way into Ramie, Lydda Surrender of Both Reported in Cairo." New York Herald Tribune, July 12, 1948.
Currivan, Gene. "Arabs Encircled at Vital Highway, Surrender Lydda." The New York Times, July 12, 1948.
—. "Curb Arabs, Count Bids UN; Israeli Force Wins Ramleh." The New York Times, July 13, 1948.
Feron, James. "Bomb Explosion in Jerusalem's Largest Supermarket Kills 2, Injures 9." The New York Times, February 22, 1969.
—."Israel and Arabs: Tensions in the Occupied Territories." The New York Times, April. 28, 1968.
"First Sabotage Attempt on Supersol Failed." Jerusalem Post, May 14, 1969.
" 'Front' Chief Says Terrorism Against Israel to Continue." Jerusalem Post, March 5, 1969.
"Houses of 9 West Bank Terrorists Demolished." Jerusalem Post, March 11, 1969.
Safadi, Anan, and Malka Rabinowitz. "Major Terror Gang Seized." Jerusalem Post, March 6, 1969.
"Supersol Blast Suspects Held in Round-up of 40." Jerusalem Post, March 2, 1969.
"Supersol Crime Reconstructed." Jerusale
m Post, March 3, 1969.
"Supersol." Jerusalem Post, February 23, 1969.
"Supersol Reopens; Business as Usual." Jerusalem Post, February 24, 1969.
Journals and Journal Articles
Abu Hadba, Abdul Aziz, ed. Society and Heritage 32 (1998).
Abukhalil, As'ad. "George Habash and the Movement of Arab Nationalists: Neither Unity Nor Liberation." Journal of Palestine Studies (1999).
Abu Sitta, Salman. "Special Report of Badil: Quantification of Land Confiscated inside the Green Line." Annex to Follow-Up Information Submitted to the Committee for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2000).
Alpher, Joseph, and Khalil Shikaki. "Concept Paper: The Palestinian Refugee Problem and the Right of Return." Middle East Policy 6 (1999): 167-189.
Bruhns, Fred C. "A Study of Arab Refugee Attitudes." Middle East Journal 9 (1955): 130-38.
Busailah, Reja-E. "The Fall of Lydda, 1948: Impressions and Reminiscences." Arab Studies Quarterly 3 (1981): 123-51.
Christison, Kathleen. "Bound by a Frame of Reference, Part II: U.S. Policy and the Palestinians, 1948-1988." Journal of Palestine Studies (1998).
Friedman, Adina. "Unraveling the Right of Return." Refugee 21 (2003).
Gilmour, David. "The 1948 Arab Exodus." Middle East International'286 (1986): 13–14.
Hanafi, Sari. "Opening the Debate on the Right of Return." Middle East Report: War Without Borders 2-7.
Hanieh, Akram. "The Camp David Papers." Journal of Palestine Studies! (2001): 75-97.
Khader, Hassan. "Confessions of a Palestinian Returnee" Journal of Palestine Studies 27 (1997).
Khalidi, Walid. "Selected Documents on the 1948 Palestine War." Journal of Palestine Studies 27 (1998): 60-105.
Lebanese Center for Documentation and Research, ed. "Political Violence in the World: 1967-1987." Chronology Bibliography Documents, Vol. 1. Beirut: 1988.
Lesch, Ann M. "Israeli Deportation of Palestinians from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, 1967'-197'8." Journal of Palestine Studies 8 (1979): 101-31.
Macpherson, Rev. James Rose, trans. Palestine Pilgrims Text Society 3 (1895).
—. Palestine Pilgrims Text Society 5 (1895).
—. Palestine Pilgrims Text Society 6 (1895).
—. Palestine Pilgrims Text Society 8 (1895).
Middle East International (various biweekly issues, 2003-2005).
Morris, Benny. "Operation Dani and the Palestinian Exodus from Lydda and Ramie in 1948." Middle East Journal AS (1986): 82-109.
—. "The Causes and Character of the Arab Exodus from Palestine: The Israel Defense Forces Intelligence Branch Analysis of June 1948." Middle Eastern Studies 22 (1986): 5-19.
Munayyer, Spiro, and Walid Khalidi. "Special Document: The Fall of Lydda. "Journal of Palestine Studies 27 (1998): 80-98.
Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics Economics and Cidture 9, no. 4 (2002). Narratives of 1948. East Jerusalem: Middle East Publications, 2002.
"Palestinian Refugees of Lebanon Speak." Journal of Palestine Studies 26 (1995): 54-60.
Said, Edward. "A Changing World Order." Arab Studies Quarterly 3 (1981).
Social, Cultural, and Educational Association of the Jews in the Peoples Republic of Bulgaria 14 (1983).
"Special Document: Israel and Torture." Journal of Palestine Studies 9 (1977): 191-219.
Tamari, Salim, ed. Jerusalem Quarterly File (2003).
Yost, Charles. "The Arab-Israeli War: How It Began." Foreign Affairs (January 1968). Vol. 46, no. 2.
Published Articles and Pamphlets
"Deportation of Palestinians from the Occupied Territories and the Mass Deportation of December 1992." Jerusalem: Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories (B'Tselem), 1993.
"Aufruf/Ma'amar: Article." Hulda Takam Archive, 1947 or 1948.
Masalha, Nur. "The 1967 Palestinian Exodus." The Palestinian Exodus 1948-1998. Ghada Karmi and Eugene Cotran, eds. London: Ithaca Press, 1999.
Mossek, Moshe. "The Struggle for the Leadership Among the Jews of Bulgaria Following Liberation." Eastern European Jewry—From Holocaust to Redemption, 1944-1948. Benjamin Pinkus, ed. Sede Boqer, Israel: Ben-Gurion University Press, 1987.
Paounovski, Vladimir. "The Anti-Jewish Legislation in Bulgaria During the Second World War." From The Jews in Bulgaria between the Holocaust and the Rescue. Sofia: Adasa-Pres, 2000.
Pappe, Ilan. "Were They Expelled?: The History, Historiography and Relevance of the Palestinian Refugee Problem." The Palestinian Exodus 1948-1998. Ghada Karmi and Eugene Cotran, eds. London: Ithaca Press, 1999.
Government Publications
A Survey of Palestine: Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the Information of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry. Jerusalem: The Government Printer, 1946.
Great Britain. Labour Middle East Council, Conservative Middle East Council, Liberal Democratic Middle East Council. Joint Parliamentary Middle East Councils Commission of Enquiry—Palestinian Refugees, Right of Return. London, 2001.
Israel. State of Israel. Government Year Book 5714 (1953-1954). Government Printer.
Palestine and Transjordan Administration Reports 1918-1948 (vols. 5, 6, 10, and 16), archive editions, 1995.
Ramla City Council Minutes. Ramla, Israel, 1949.
United Nations. United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). UNRWA: The Long Journey 45 (1993).
United Nations. United Nations Special Committee on Palestine. Report on Palestine: Report to the General Assembly by the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine. New York: Somerset Books, 1947.
Media
Journey to Jerusalem. Ivan Nichev, director. Videocassette. Bulgarian National Television, 2003.
The Lemon Tree. Sandy Tolan, producer. NPR's Fresh Air, 1998.
The Optimists: The Story of the Rescue of the Bulgarian Jews from the Holocaust. Jacky Comforty, director. Videocassette. New Day Films, 2001.
Troubled Waters. Sandy Tolan, producer. A five-part series for NPR's living on Earth. Portions aired on NPR's Weekend Edition, 1997.
Unpublished Works
Alkalay, Iris. "My Father's Three Bulgarias."
Chappie, John. "Jewish Land Settlement in Palestine" (unpublished paper), 1964.
"The Jewish Community in Plovdiv: History, Style of Living, Culture, Traditions, Place in the Life of the Town."
Krispin, Alfred. "The Rescue of the Jews in Bulgaria: A Closely Kept Secret. Recollections of a Bulgarian Jew."
Books
Abdul Hadi, Mahdi F. Palestine Documents Volume II: From the Negotiations in Madrid to the Post-Hebron Agreement Period. Jerusalem: PASSIA, 1997.
Abdulhadi, Faiha, ed. and compiler. Bibliography of Palestinian Oral History (with a Special Focus on Palestinian Women). Al-Bireh, West Bank: Palestinian National Authority Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, 1999.
Abu Nowar, Maan. The Jordanian-Israeli War: 1948-1951: A History of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Reading, U.K.: Ithaca Press, 2002.
Abu Hussein, Hussein, and Fiona McKay. Access Denied: Palestinian land Rights in Israel. London: Zed Books, 2003.
Aburish, Said K. Arafat: From Defender to Dictator. London: Bloomsbury, 1998.
Abu-Sharif, Bassam, and Uzi Mahnaimi. Best of Enemies. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1995.
Ajami, Fouad. The Dream Palace of the Arabs: A Generations Odyssey. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.
—. The Arab Predicament: Arab Political Thought and Practice Since 1967. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Almog, Oz. The Sabra: The Creation of the New Jew. Translated by Haim Watzman. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2000.
Amad, Adnan, ed. Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights. Beirut: Neebii.
Anidjar, Gil. The Jew, the Arab: A History of the Enemy. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2003.
Armstrong, Karen. Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.
Aruri, Naseer. Dishonest Broker: The Role o
f the United States in Palestine and Israel. Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press, 2003.
—. Palestinian Refugees: The Right of Return. London: Pluto Press, 2001.
Avineri, Shlomo. The Making of Modern Zionism: The Intellectual Origins of the Jewish State. New York: Basic Books, 1981.
