by Naomi Klein
52. Robert O’Harrow Jr., No Place to Hide (New York: Free Press, 2005).
53. “Terror Fight Spawns Startups.”
54. Justine Rood, “FBI Terror Watch List ‘Out of Control’,” The Blotter blog on ABC News, June 13, 2007, www.abcnews.com; Ed Pilkington, “Millions Assigned Terror Risk Score on Trips to the US,” Guardian (London), December 2, 2006.
55. Rick Anderson, “Flog Is My Co-Pilot,” Seattle Weekly, November 29, 2006; Jane Mayer, “The C.I.A.’s Travel Agent,” The New Yorker, October 30, 2006; Brian Knowlton, “Report Rejects European Denial of CIA Prisons,” New York Times, November 29, 2006; Mayer, “The C.I.A.’s Travel Agent”; Stephen Grey, Ghost Plane: The True Story of the CIA Torture Program (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2006), 80; Pat Milton, “ACLU File: Suit Against Boeing Subsidiary, Saying It Enabled Secret Overseas Torture,” Associated Press, May 31, 2007.
56. Andrew Buncombe, “New Maximum-Security Jail to Open at Guantanamo Bay,” Independent (London), July 30, 2006; Pratap Chatterjee, “Intelligence in Iraq: L-3 Supplies Spy Support,” CorpWatch, August 9, 2006, www.corpwatch.com.
57. Michelle Faul, “Guantanamo Prisoners for Sale,” Associated Press, May 31, 2005; John Simpson, “No Surprises in the War on Terror,” BBC News, February 13, 2006; John Mintz, “Detainees Say They Were Charity Workers,” Washington Post, May 26, 2002.
58. The prisoner in question was Adel Fattough Ali Algazzar. Dave Gilson, “Why Am I in Cuba?” Mother Jones, September-–October 2006; Simpson, “No Surprises in the War on Terror”; Andrew O. Selsky, “AP: Some Gitmo Detainees Freed Elsewhere,” USA Today, December 15, 2006.
59. Gary Stoller, “Homeland Security Generates Multibillion Dollar Business,” USA Today, September 10, 2006.
60. Sarah Anderson, John Cavanagh, Chuck Collins and Eric Benjamin, “Executive Excess 2006: Defense and Oil Executives Cash in on Conflict,” August 30, 2006, page 1, www.faireconomy.org.
61. Ratliff, “Fear, Inc.”
62. O’Harrow, No Place to Hide, 9.
15. A Corporatist State: Removing the Revolving Door, Putting in an Archway
1. Jim Krane, “Former President Bush Battles Arab Critics of His Son,” Associated Press, November 21, 2006.
2. Scott Shane and Ron Nixon, “In Washington, Contractors Take on Biggest Role Ever,” New York Times, February 4, 2007.
3. Jane Mayer, “Contract Sport,” The New Yorker, February 16, 2004.
4. “HR 5122: John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate),” thomas.loc.gov.
5. “Remarks of Sen. Patrick Leahy on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007, Conference Report, Congressional Record,” States News Service, September 29, 2006.
6. Gilead Sciences, “Stock Information: Historical Price Lookup,” www.gilead.com.
7. Interview with Stephen Kinzer, Democracy Now! April 21, 2006, www.democracynow.org.
8. The phrase “interrelated and mutually reinforcing” comes from the historian James A. Bill. Stephen Kinzer, Overthrow: America’s Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq (New York: Times Books, 2006), 122.
9. Robert Burns, “Defense Chief Shuns Involvement in Weapons and Merger Decisions to Avoid Conflict of Interest,” Associated Press, August 23, 2001; Matt Kelley, “Defense Secretary Sold Up to $91 Million in Assets to Comply with Ethics Rules, Complains about Disclosure Form,” Associated Press, June 18, 2002; Pauline Jelinek, “Rumsfeld Asks for Deadline Extension,” Associated Press, July 17, 2001.
10. John Stanton, “Big Stakes in Tamiflu Debate,” Roll Call, December 15, 2005.
11. Rumsfeld’s 2005 disclosure report shows that he holds “shares worth up to $95.9m, from which he got an income of up to $13m, owned land worth up to $17m, and made $1m from renting it out.” Geoffrey Lean and Jonathan Owen, “Donald Rumsfeld Makes $5m Killing on Bird Flu Drug,” Independent (London), March 12, 2006; Kelley, “Defense Secretary Sold up to $91 Million in Assets…”
12. Burns, “Defense Chief Shuns Involvement…”
13. Stanton, “Big Stakes in Tamiflu Debate.”
14. Nelson D. Schwartz, “Rumsfeld’s Growing Stake in Tamiflu,” Fortune, October 31, 2005.
15. Gilead Sciences, “Stock Information: Historical Price Lookup,” www.gilead.com.
16. Cassell Bryan-Low, “Cheney Cashed in Halliburton Options Worth $35 Million,” Wall Street Journal, September 20, 2000.
17. Ken Herman, “Cheneys Earn $8.8 Million to Bushes’ $735,000,” Austin American-Statesman, April 15, 2006; Halliburton, Investor Relations, “Historical Price Lookup,” www.halliburton.com.
18. Sarah Karush, “Once Privileged in Iraq, Russian Oil Companies Hope to Compete on Equal Footing After Saddam,” Associated Press, March 14, 2003; Saeed Shah, “Oil Giants Scramble for Iraqi Riches,” Independent (London), March 14, 2003.
19. “Waiting for the Green Light,” Petroleum Economist, October 1, 2006.
20. Lean and Owen, “Donald Rumsfeld Makes $5m Killing on Bird Flu Drug.”
21. Jonathan Weisman, “Embattled Rep. Ney Won’t Seek Reelection,” Washington Post, August 8, 2006; Sonya Geis and Charles R. Babcock, “Former GOP Lawmaker Gets 8 Years,” Washington Post, March 4, 2006; Judy Bachrach, “Washington Babylon,” Vanity Fair, August 1, 2006.
22. Eric Lipton, “Former Antiterror Officials Find Industry Pays Better,” New York Times, June 18, 2006.
23. Ellen Nakashima, “Ashcroft Finds Private-Sector Niche,” Washington Post, August 12, 2006; Lipton, “Former Antiterror Officials Find Industry Pays Better”; Good Harbor Consulting, LLC., www.goodharbor.net; Paladin Capital Group, “R. James Woolsey—VP,” Paladin Team, www.paladincapgroup.com; Booz Allen Hamilton, “R James Woolsey,” www.boozallen.com; Douglas Jehl, “Insiders’ New Firm Consults on Iraq,” New York Times, September 30, 2003; “Former FEMA Head to Start Consulting Business on Emergency Planning,” Associated Press, November 24, 2005.
24. “Former FEMA Head Discussed Wardrobe during Katrina Crisis,” Associated Press, November 3, 2005.
25. Seymour M. Hersh, “The Spoils of the Gulf War,” New Yorker, September 6, 1993.
26. Michael Isikoff and Mark Hosenball, “A Legal Counterattack,” Newsweek, April 16, 2003; John Council, “Baker Botts’ ‘Love Shack’ for Clients,” Texas Lawyer, March 6, 2006; Erin E. Arvedlund, “Russian Oil Politics in a Texas Court,” New York Times, February 15, 2005; Robert Bryce, “It’s a Baker Botts World,” The Nation, October 11, 2004.
27. Peter Smith and James Politi, “Record Pay-Outs from Carlyle and KKR,” Financial Times (London), October 20, 2004.
28. “Cutting James Baker’s Ties,” New York Times, December 12, 2003.
29. The information in the next two paragraphs is drawn from Naomi Klein, “James Baker’s Double Life: A Special Investigation,” The Nation, posted online October 12, 2004, www.thenation.com.
30. David Leigh, “Carlyle Pulls Out of Iraq Debt Recovery Consortium,” Guardian (London), October 15, 2004; United Nations Compensation Commission, “Payment of Compensation,” press releases, 2005–2006, www.unog.ch; Klein, “James Baker’s Double Life”; World Bank, “Data Sheet for Iraq,” October 23, 2006, www.worldbank.org.
31. Eric Schmitt, “New Group Will Lobby for Change in Iraqi Rule,” New York Times, November 15, 2002; George P. Shultz, “Act Now,” Washington Post, September 6, 2002; Harry Esteve, “Ex-Secretary Stumps for Gubernatorial Hopeful,” Oregonian (Portland), February 12, 2002; David R. Baker, “Bechtel Pulling Out after 3 Rough Years of Rebuilding Work,” San Francisco Chronicle, November 1, 2006.
32. Tim Weiner, “Lockheed and the Future of Warfare,” New York Times, November 28, 2004; Schmitt, “New Group Will Lobby for Change in Iraqi Rule”; John Laughland, “The Prague Racket,” Guardian (London), November 22, 2002; John B. Judis, “Minister without Portfolio,” The American Prospect, May 2003; Lockheed Martin, Investor Relations, “Stock Price Details,” www.lockheedmartin.com.
33. Bob Woodward, State of Denial (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 406–407.
34. James Dao, “Making a Return to the Political Stage,” New York Times, November 28, 2002; Leslie H. Gelb, “Kissinger Means Business,” New York Times, April 20, 1986; Jeff Gerth, “Ethics Disclosure Filed with Panel,” New York Times, March 9, 1989.
35. James Harding, “Kissinger Second Take,” Financial Times (London), December 14, 2002.
36. Seymour M. Hersh, “Lunch with the Chairman,” The New Yorker, March 17, 2003.
37. Ibid.; Thomas Donnelly and Richard Perle, “Gas Stations in the Sky,” Wall Street Journal, August 14, 2003. FOOTNOTE: R. Jeffrey Smith, “Tanker Inquiry Finds Rumsfeld’s Attention Was Elsewhere,” Washington Post, June 20, 2006; Tony Capaccio, “Boeing Proposes Bonds for 767 Lease Deal,” Seattle Times, March 4, 2003.
38. Hersh, “Lunch with the Chairman”; Tom Hamburger and Dennis Berman, “U.S. Adviser Perle Resigns as Head of Defense Board,” Wall Street Journal, March 28, 2003.
39. Interview with Richard Perle, CNN: Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer, March 9, 2003.
40. Judis, “Minister without Portfolio”; David S. Hilzenrath, “Richard N. Perle’s Many Business Ventures Followed His Years as a Defense Official,” Washington Post, May 24, 2004; Hersh, “Lunch with the Chairman”; T. Christian Miller, Blood Money: Wasted Billions, Lost Lives and Corporate Greed in Iraq (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2006), 73.
16. Erasing Iraq: In Search of a “Model” for the Middle East
1. Andrew M. Wyllie, “Convulsion Therapy of the Psychoses,” Journal of Mental Science 86 (March 1940): 248.
2. Richard Cohen, “The Lingo of Vietnam,” Washington Post, November 21, 2006.
3. “Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz Interview with Sam Tannenhaus, Vanity Fair,” News Transcript, May 9, 2003, www.defenselink.mil.
4. FOOTNOTE: 2007 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal, 2007), 326, www.heritage.org.
5. Thomas L. Friedman, “The Long Bomb,” New York Times, March 2, 2003; Joshua Muravchik, “Democracy’s Quiet Victory,” New York Times, August 19, 2002; Robert Dreyfuss, “Just the Beginning,” American Prospect, April 1, 2003. FOOTNOTE: John Norris, Collision Course: NATO, Russia, and Kosovo (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2005), xxii–xxiii.
6. George W. Bush, “President Discusses Education, Entrepreneurship & Home Ownership at Indiana Black Expo,” Indianapolis, Indiana, July 14, 2005.
7. Edwin Chen and Maura Reynolds, “Bush Seeks U.S.-Mideast Trade Zone to Bring Peace, Prosperity to Region,” Los Angeles Times, May 10, 2003.
8. Harlan Ullman, “‘Shock and Awe’ Misunderstood,” USA Today, April 8, 2003.
9. Peter Johnson, “Media’s War Footing Looks Solid,” USA Today, February 17, 2003.
10. Thomas L. Friedman, “What Were They Thinking?” New York Times, October 7, 2005.
11. United States Department of State, “Memoranda of Conversation,” June 10, 1976, declassified, www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv.
12. George W. Bush, speech made at 2005 Inauguration, January 20, 2005.
13. Norman Friedman, Desert Victory: The War for Kuwait (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1991), 185; Michael R. Gordon and Bernard E. Trainor, Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq (New York: Pantheon Books, 2006), 551.
14. Anthony Shadid, Night Draws Near: Iraq’s People in the Shadow of America’s War (New York: Henry Holt, 2005), galley, 95. Quoted with the author’s permission.
15. Harlan K. Ullman and James P. Wade, Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance (Washington, DC: NDU Press Book, 1996), 55; Ron Suskind, The One Percent Doctrine: Deep Inside America’s Pursuit of Its Enemies Since 9/11 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 123, 214.
16. Ullman and Wade, Shock and Awe, xxv, 17, 23, 29.
17. Maher Arar, “‘I Am Not a Terrorist—I Am Not a Member of Al-Qaida,’” Vancouver Sun, November 5, 2003.
18. “Iraq Faces Massive U.S. Missile Barrage,” CBS News, January 24, 2003.
19. “U.S. Tests Massive Bomb,” CNN: Wolf Blitzer Reports, March 11, 2003.
20. Ibid.
21. Rajiv Chandrasekaran and Peter Baker, “Allies Struggle for Supply Lines,” Washington Post, March 30, 2003; Jon Lee Anderson, The Fall of Baghdad (New York: Penguin Press, 2004), 199; Gordon and Trainor, Cobra II, 465. FOOTNOTE: Charles Duelfer, Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD, vol. 1, September 30, 2004, 11, www.cia.gov.
22. Shadid, Night Draws Near, 71.
23. Suzanne Goldenberg, “War in the Gulf: In an Instant We Were Plunged into Endless Night,” Guardian (London), April 4, 2003.
24. “Restoring a Treasured Past,” Los Angeles Times, April 17, 2003.
25. Charles J. Hanley, “Looters Ransack Iraq’s National Library,” Associated Press, April 15, 2003.
26. Michael D. Lemonick, “Lost to the Ages,” Time, April 28, 2003; Louise Witt, “The End of Civilization,” Salon, April 17, 2003, www.salon.com.
27. Thomas E. Ricks and Anthony Shadid, “A Tale of Two Baghdads,” Washington Post, June 2, 2003.
28. Frank Rich, “And Now: ‘Operation Iraqi Looting,’” New York Times, April 27, 2003.
29. Donald H. Rumsfeld, “DoD News Briefing—Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers,” April 11, 2003, www.defenselink.mil; Simon Robinson, “Grounding Planes the Wrong Way,” Time, July 14, 2003.
30. Rajiv Chandrasekaran, Imperial Life in the Emerald City: Inside Iraq’s Green Zone (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006), 119–20.
31. Ibid., 165–66.
32. World Bank, World Development Report 1990 (Oxford: World Bank, 1990), 178–79; New Mexico Coalition for Literacy, New Mexico Literacy Profile, 2005–2006 Programs, www.nmcl.org. FOOTNOTE: Chandrasekaran, Imperial Life in the Emerald City, 5.
33. Shafiq Rasul, Asif Iqbal and Rhuhel Ahmed, Composite Statement: Detention in Afghanistan and Guantanamo Bay (New York: Center for Constitutional Rights, July 26, 2004), 96, 99, www.ccr-ny.org.
34. Ibid., 9, 10, 21, 26, 72.
35. John F. Burns, “Looking Beyond His Critics, Bremer Sees Reason for Both Hope and Caution,” New York Times, June 29, 2004; Steve Kirby, “Bremer Says Iraq Open for Business,” Agence France-Presse, May 25, 2003.
36. Thomas B. Edsall and Juliet Eilperin, “Lobbyists Set Sights on Money-Making Opportunities in Iraq,” Washington Post, October 2, 2003.
17. Ideological Blowback: A Very Capitalist Disaster
1. According to Jeffrey Goldberg, Rice made the comment at a dinner in a Georgetown restaurant. He writes, “The remark stunned the other guests. [Brent] Scowcroft, as he later told friends, was flummoxed by Rice’s ‘evangelical tone.’” Jeffrey Goldberg, “Breaking Ranks,” The New Yorker, October 31, 2005.
2. Fareed Zakaria, “What Bush Got Right,” Newsweek, March 14, 2005.
3. Phillip Kurata, “Eastern Europeans Urge Iraq to Adopt Rapid Market Reforms,” Washington File, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State, September 26, 2003, usinfo.state.gov; “Iraq Poll Finds Poverty Main Worry, Sadr Popular,” Reuters, May 20, 2004.
4. Joseph Stiglitz, “Shock without the Therapy,” Business Day (Johannesburg), February 20, 2004; Jim Krane, “U.S. Aims to Keep Iraq Military Control,” Associated Press, March 13, 2004.
