The World in Thirty-Eight Chapters or Dr Johnson's Guide to Life

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The World in Thirty-Eight Chapters or Dr Johnson's Guide to Life Page 32

by Henry Hitchings


  Lawrence Lipking, The Ordering of the Arts in Eighteenth-Century England (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1970)

  _____________, ‘What Was It Like To Be Johnson?’, The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual 1 (1987), 35–57

  _____________, Samuel Johnson: The Life of an Author (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1998)

  Donald M. Lockhart, ‘“The Fourth Son of the Mighty Emperor”: The Ethiopian Background of Johnson’s Rasselas’, PMLA 78, No. 5 (1963), 516–528

  Jack Lynch, ‘Samuel Johnson’s “Love of Truth” and Literary Fraud’, Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 42, No. 3 (2002), 601–618

  _____________, The Age of Elizabeth in the Age of Johnson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003)

  _____________ (ed.), Samuel Johnson in Context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012)

  _____________, ‘Generous Liberal-Minded Men: Booksellers and Poetic Careers in Johnson’s Lives of the Poets’, Yearbook of English Studies 45 (2015), 93–108

  _____________ and Anne McDermott (eds), Anniversary Essays on Johnson’s Dictionary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005)

  Steven Lynn, Samuel Johnson After Deconstruction: Rhetoric and the Rambler (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992)

  Robert Macfarlane, Original Copy: Plagiarism and Originality in Nineteenth-Century Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)

  Iain McGilchrist, Against Criticism (London: Faber, 1982)

  Helen Louise McGuffie, Samuel Johnson in the British Press, 1749–1784: A Chronological Checklist (New York: Garland, 1976)

  Carey McIntosh, The Choice of Life: Samuel Johnson and the World of Fiction (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1973)

  Ian McIntyre, Garrick (London: Allen Lane, 1999)

  __________, Joshua Reynolds: The Life and Times of the First President of the Royal Academy (London: Allen Lane, 2003)

  __________, Hester: The Remarkable Life of Dr Johnson’s ‘Dear Mistress’ (London: Constable, 2008)

  Andrew McKendry, ‘The Haphazard Journey of a Mind: Experience and Reflection in Samuel Johnson’s Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland’, The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual 20 (2010), 11–34

  Jennifer A. McMahon, Art and Ethics in a Material World: Kant’s Pragmatist Legacy (New York: Routledge, 2014)

  Martin Maner, The Philosophical Biographer: Doubt and Dialectic in Johnson’s Lives of the Poets (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1988)

  Rosalind K. Marshall, Columba’s Iona: A New History (Dingwall: Sandstone Press, 2013)

  Peter Martin, Samuel Johnson: A Biography (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 2008)

  Jeffrey Meyers, Samuel Johnson: The Struggle (New York: Basic Books, 2008)

  Stephen Miller, Conversation: A History of a Declining Art (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2006)

  Sarah R. Morrison, ‘Samuel Johnson, Mr Rambler, and Women’, The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual 14 (2003), 23–50

  Tom Morton, Dr Johnson’s Dictionary of Modern Life (London: Square Peg, 2010)

  Lynda Mugglestone, Samuel Johnson and the Journey into Words (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015)

  Ghazi Q. Nassir, Samuel Johnson’s Attitude Towards Islam: A Study of His Oriental Readings and Writings (Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 2012)

  Prem Nath (ed.), Fresh Reflections on Samuel Johnson: Essays in Criticism (Troy, New York: Whitston, 1987)

  David Nokes, Jonathan Swift, A Hypocrite Reversed: A Critical Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985)

  __________, Samuel Johnson: A Life (London: Faber, 2009)

  Patrick O’Flaherty, ‘Johnson’s Idler: The Equipment of a Satirist’, English Literary History 37, No. 2 (1970), 211–225

  __________, ‘Towards an Understanding of Johnson’s Rambler’, Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 18, No. 3 (1978), 523–536

  David Olusoga, Black and British: A Forgotten History (London: Macmillan, 2016)

  Norman Page, A Dr Johnson Chronology (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990)

  Catherine N. Parke, Samuel Johnson and Biographical Thinking (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1991)

  Fred Parker, Johnson’s Shakespeare (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989)

  __________, Scepticism in Literature: An Essay on Pope, Hume, Sterne, and Johnson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)

  Douglas Lane Patey, ‘Johnson’s Refutation of Berkeley: Kicking the Stone Again’, Journal of the History of Ideas 47, No. 1 (1986), 139–145

  Adam Phillips, On Kissing, Tickling and Being Bored: Psychoanalytic Essays on the Unexamined Life (London: Faber, 1993)

  ___________, Going Sane (London: Hamish Hamilton, 2005)

  Liza Picard, Dr Johnson’s London (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000)

  Charles E. Pierce, Jr, The Religious Life of Samuel Johnson (London: Athlone Press, 1983)

  Roy Porter, London: A Social History (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994)

  __________, Flesh in the Age of Reason (London: Allen Lane, 2003)

  Adam Potkay, The Passion for Happiness: Samuel Johnson and David Hume (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000)

  Frederick A. Pottle, Pride and Negligence: The History of the Boswell Papers (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982)

  Michael Puett and Christine Gross-Loh, The Path: A New Way to Think About Everything (London: Penguin, 2017)

  Maurice J. Quinlan, Samuel Johnson: A Layman’s Religion (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964)

  Laura Quinney, Literary Power and the Criteria of Truth (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995)

  _________, The Poetics of Disappointment (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999)

  John B. Radner, Johnson and Boswell: A Biography of Friendship (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2012)

  Walter Raleigh, Six Essays on Johnson (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910)

  Claude Rawson, Swift and Others (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)

  Aleyn Lyell Reade, Johnsonian Gleanings, 11 vols (privately printed, 1909–1952)

  Allen Reddick, The Making of Johnson’s Dictionary, 1746–1773, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)

  Bruce Redford, The Converse of the Pen: Acts of Intimacy in the Eighteenth-Century Familiar Letter (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986)

  Hugo M. Reichard, ‘Boswell’s Johnson, the Hero Made by a Committee’, PMLA 95, No. 2 (1980), 225–233

  Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor (eds), Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012)

  Stefka Ritchie, The Reformist Ideas of Samuel Johnson (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2017)

  Donald O. Rogers, ‘Samuel Johnson’s Concept of the Imagination’, South Central Bulletin 33, No. 4 (1973), 213–218

  Pat Rogers, Grub Street: Studies in a Subculture (London: Methuen, 1972)

  ___________, Johnson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993)

  ___________, Johnson and Boswell: The Transit of Caledonia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995)

  ___________, The Samuel Johnson Encyclopedia (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1996)

  Trevor Ross, The Making of the English Literary Canon: From the Middle Ages to the Late Eighteenth Century (Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1998)

  Arieh Sachs, Passionate Intelligence: Imagination and Reason in the Work of Samuel Johnson (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins Press, 1967)

  Renata Salecl, Choice (London: Profile, 2010)

  Daniel L. Schacter, Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind, and the Past (New York: Basic Books, 1996)

  Richard B. Schwartz, Samuel Johnson and the New Science (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971)

  ___________, Samuel Johnson and the Problem of Evil (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1975)

  Adam B. Seligman, Robert P. Weller, Michael J. Puett and
Bennett Simon, Ritual and Its Consequences: An Essay on the Limits of Sincerity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008)

  Arthur Sherbo, Samuel Johnson, Editor of Shakespeare (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1956)

  Stuart Sherman, Telling Time: Clocks, Diaries and English Diurnal Form, 1660–1785 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996)

  Bruce Silver, ‘Boswell on Johnson’s Refutation of Berkeley: Revisiting the Stone’, Journal of the History of Ideas 54, No. 3 (1993), 437–448

  Philip Smallwood (ed.), Johnson Re-Visioned: Looking Before and After (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press, 2001)

  Frederik N. Smith, Beckett’s Eighteenth Century (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002)

  Patricia Meyer Spacks, Boredom: The Literary History of a State of Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995)

  Robert D. Spector, Samuel Johnson and the Essay (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1997)

  Tom Standage, Writing on the Wall: Social Media – The First 2,000 Years (London: Bloomsbury, 2013)

  Donald A. Stauffer, The Art of Biography in Eighteenth Century England (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1941)

  Aaron Stavisky, ‘Johnson’s “Vile Melancholy” Reconsidered Once More’, The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual 9 (1998), 1–24

  __________, ‘Johnson’s Poverty: The Uses of Adversity’, The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual 14 (2003), 131–143

  Leslie Stephen, Samuel Johnson (London: Macmillan, 1878)

  John Allen Stevenson, ‘Sterne: Comedian and Experimental Novelist’, in John Richetti (ed.), The Columbia History of the British Novel (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), 154–180

  Thomas Szasz, Pain and Pleasure: A Study of Bodily Feelings, 2nd ed. (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1988)

  Paul Tankard, ‘A Petty Writer: Johnson and the Rambler Pamphlets’, The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual 10 (1999), 67–87

  _____________, ‘“That Great Literary Projector”: Samuel Johnson’s Designs, or Catalogue of Projected Works’, The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual 13 (2002), 103–180

  _____________, ‘Nineteen More Johnsonian Designs: A Supplement to “That Great Literary Projector”’, The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual 23 (2015), 141–157

  Edward Tomarken, Johnson, Rasselas, and the Choice of Criticism (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1989)

  Robert Tombs, The English and Their History (London: Allen Lane, 2014)

  Clarence Tracy, The Artificial Bastard: A Biography of Richard Savage (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1953)

  Fan Tsen-Chung, Dr Johnson and Chinese Culture (London: The China Society, 1945)

  A. S. Turberville (ed.), Johnson’s England: An Account of the Life and Manners of his Age, 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933)

  Gordon Turnbull, ‘Not a woman in sight’, Times Literary Supplement, 18 December 2009, 19–21

  E. S. Turner, The Shocking History of Advertising (London: Michael Joseph, 1952)

  John A. Vance, Samuel Johnson and the Sense of History (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1984)

  _____________ (ed.), Boswell’s Life of Johnson: New Questions, New Answers (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1985)

  David F. Venturo, Johnson the Poet: The Poetic Career of Samuel Johnson (London: Associated University Presses, 1999)

  Ernst Verbeek, The Measure and the Choice: A Pathographic Essay on Samuel Johnson (Ghent: E. Story Scientia, 1971)

  Robert Voitle, Samuel Johnson the Moralist (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1961)

  Magdi Wahba (ed.), Johnsonian Studies (Cairo: Société Orientale de Publicité, 1962)

  John Wain, Samuel Johnson (London: Macmillan, 1974)

  Mary Warnock, Memory (London: Faber, 1987)

  W. B. C. Watkins, Perilous Balance: The Tragic Genius of Swift, Johnson, and Sterne (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1939)

  Martin Wechselblatt, Bad Behavior: Samuel Johnson and Modern Cultural Authority (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press, 1998)

  Howard D. Weinbrot, Aspects of Samuel Johnson: Essays on His Arts, Mind, Afterlife, and Politics (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2005)

  _____________ (ed.), Samuel Johnson: New Contexts for a New Century (San Marino, California: Huntington Library, 2014)

  _____________, ‘Samuel Johnson’s Practical Sermon on Marriage in Context: Spousal Whiggery and the Book of Common Prayer’, Modern Philology 114, No. 2 (2016), 310–336

  T. F. Wharton, Samuel Johnson and the Theme of Hope (London: Macmillan, 1984)

  David Wheeler (ed.), Domestick Privacies: Samuel Johnson and the Art of Biography (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1987)

  James Boyd White, When Words Lose Their Meaning: Constitutions and Reconstitutions of Language, Character, and Community (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984)

  Jerry White, London in the Eighteenth Century: A Great and Monstrous Thing (London: Bodley Head, 2012)

  Lance Wilcox, ‘Healing the Lacerated Mind: Samuel Johnson’s Strategies of Consolation’, 1650–1850: Ideas, Æsthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era 7 (2002), 193–208

  Gillian Williamson, British Masculinity in the Gentleman’s Magazine, 1731 to 1815 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)

  John Wiltshire, Samuel Johnson in the Medical World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991)

  _____________, The Making of Dr Johnson: Icon of Modern Culture (Hastings: Helm, 2009)

  W. K. Wimsatt, Jr, The Prose Style of Samuel Johnson (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1941)

  _____________, Philosophic Words: A Study of Style and Meaning in the Rambler and Dictionary (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1948)

  Calhoun Winton, John Gay and the London Theatre (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993)

  Alun Withey, Technology, Self-Fashioning and Politeness in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Refined Bodies (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)

  Tim Wu, The Attention Merchants: From the Daily Newspaper to Social Media, How Our Time and Attention is Harvested and Sold (London: Atlantic, 2017)

  James Yeowell, A Literary Antiquary: Memoir of William Oldys (London: Spottiswoode, 1862)

  Robert Zaretsky, Boswell’s Enlightenment (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 2015)

  Notes

  I have not provided references to quotations from Samuel Johnson’s works or the works of other members of his circle. Today it is easy to track down these quotations online, and to insert a reference for each of them would result in this book being glutted with notes.

  I have modernized the spelling of eighteenth-century texts in cases where their meaning would otherwise be opaque for many readers.

  2.

  1. John Hawkesworth, An Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of his Present Majesty for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere, 3 vols (London: Strahan & Cadell, 1773), III, 578.

  2. The last five words are an allusion to John Donne’s poem ‘The Will’: ‘Then all your beauties will be no more worth / Than gold in mines, where none doth draw it forth; / And all your graces no more use shall have, / Than a sun-dial in a grave’.

  3.

  1. Virgil, Georgics, trans. Peter Fallon (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 33.

  2. Several versions of the poem have circulated. This one was recorded by Johnson’s friend Charlotte Lennox. For a full discussion of the poem, see O M Brack, Jr, ‘Samuel Johnson and the Epitaph on a Duckling’, Books at Iowa 45 (1986), 62–79.

  4.

  1. John Wain, Samuel Johnson (London: Macmillan, 1974), 40. James L. Clifford, Young Samuel Johnson (London: William Heinemann, 1957), 97.

  2. Laura Quinney, The Poetics of Disappointment (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999), ix, 1–4.

  3. C. G. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, ed. Aniela Jaffé, trans. Richard and Clara Winst
on (London: Collins and Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963), 172.

  4. For the detail about Sam’s name appearing on title pages, see J. D. Fleeman, A Bibliography of the Works of Samuel Johnson, prepared for publication by James McLaverty, 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000), I, 32. For his inscription to Hector, see Fleeman, A Preliminary Handlist of Copies of Books Associated with Dr Samuel Johnson (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1984), 24.

  5. This is Adam Phillips’s theory about Johnson, as set out in David Nokes, Samuel Johnson: A Life (London: Faber, 2009), 42.

  6. Wendy Laura Belcher, Abyssinia’s Samuel Johnson: Ethiopian Thought in the Making of an English Author (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 42–61, 88–96.

  5.

  1. Peter Martin, Samuel Johnson: A Biography (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 2008), 60.

  2. Robert DeMaria, Jr, Samuel Johnson and the Life of Reading (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 74.

  3. Hugo M. Reichard, ‘Boswell’s Johnson, the Hero Made by a Committee’, PMLA 95, No. 2 (1980), 225.

  4. Lewis Hyde, ‘Two Accidents: Reflections on Chance and Creativity’, Kenyon Review 18, No. 3/4 (1996), 25–26.

  5. Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Antifragile: Things that Gain from Disorder (London: Penguin, 2013), 6.

  6. Robert Friedel, ‘Serendipity is No Accident’, Kenyon Review 23, No. 2 (2001), 39–40.

  7. Among those to attribute this quotation to Einstein is George Saunders in The Brain-Dead Megaphone (London: Bloomsbury, 2008), 180.

  6.

  1. Leslie Stephen, Samuel Johnson (London: Macmillan, 1878), 12.

  2. For a full discussion of the Marriage Act, see Erica Harth, ‘The Virtue of Love: Lord Hardwicke’s Marriage Act’, Cultural Critique 9 (1988), 123–154.

  3. James L. Clifford, Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs Thrale), 2nd ed. with corrections (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968), 99–101.

  7.

  1. John Russell Brown (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of Theatre (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 261–263.

  2. Ian McIntyre, Garrick (London: Penguin Allen Lane, 1999), 29.

 

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