by Frances Gies
Lupus (see St.-Loup)
Lyon, 24, 25, 227
Magna Carta, 202
manners (see etiquette)
Mansourah, 209
maps, medieval, 162, 240
Marcus Aurelius, Romanemperor, I
Marie, countess of Champagne, wife of Henry the Generous 54, 166–167, 231
Marie de France, 55, 178, 230
marriage, 55–73
Marseille, 4, 21, 23, 24, 105, 214, 227
Martianus Capella, 240
Mary-worship, 55, 129, 131
masons, 33, 137, 139, 141–142, 144–147
Maximianus, 160
Maximilian, Roman emperor, 11
mayor, 108, 199, 200, 202, 207, 224
meals, 38–43, 50, 72
Medici, 227
medicine (see doctors)
Mediterranean, 1, 4, 5, 13, 15, 218, 227
Meletaire, Sire Gerard, 108
mental illness, 115–116
Merton College, Oxford, 241
Michael Scot, 59
mice (see vermin)
midwives, 60–61
Milan, 11, 16, 21, 23, 24, 227
military service, 19, 199, 201
millers, 86–87
mills, 12, 86–87, 118
Milon, bishop of Troyes, 135
mining, II, 79
mining (military), 195, 197–198
miracle plays, 242
Mohammed, 5
money, 11, 18, 99, 104–107, 220, 236–237
of account, 99
moneychanging, 14, 36, 104, 118, 207, 220–223
moneylending, 94, 96, 104–107, 221–223
Mongols, 22
Mont-Aimé, 134
Montpellier, 21, 31, 113, 114, 206, 227
Montcuc, Bernard de, 207–208
morality plays, 242–243
Moslems, 5, 7, 9, 10, 16, 22, 103, 113, 161, 163, 215, 219
Munich, 4
Muset, Colin, 166
music, 70, 72, 120–121, 157, 158–159
musical instruments, 72, 121, 158–159
Le Mystère d’ Adam, 183, 187–189
mystery plays, 242
Naples, 21
Netherlands, 192
new cities, 18
Nicholas de Brie, bishop of Troyes, 135
Nicolas of Clairvaux, 156–157, 240
Nicholas of Cremona, 108
notaries, 130, 222, 244
Notre-Dame-aux-Nonnains, Troyes, 32, 46, 53, 54, 190, 235
Notre-Dame-de-Paris, 148
Noyon, 209
cathedral of, 147–148
nurse, 61, 62
Odette de Pougy, 54
organ, 121
ost et chevauchée (see military service)
Otto I, the Great, emperor of Germany, 9
pagamentum, 223
palace of the counts of Champagne, Troyes, 15, 32, 190
Palermo, 21
Pantaléon, Jacques (see Urban IV)
Paris, 1, 2, 6, 12, 21, 23, 24, 51, 77, 114, 128, 164, 177, 201, 206, 211, 226–227, 233, 235, 237, 241
University of (see University of Paris)
Parlement of Paris, 207, 225
Parliament of London, 207
paving, 28, 31, 233
pawnbroking, 104–105, 222
peddlers, 49
Pegolotti, Francesco, 244
penny, 11, 48, 99, 220, 236–237
pepper (see also spices), 44, 218
Peruzzi company, 226
Peterhouse College, Cambridge, 241
Peter of Brittany, 167, 194, 202
Peter Riga, 160
Peter the Hermit, 208
Petrus Alfonsus, 233
Philip II, Augustus, king of France, 69, 230, 233
Philip IV, the Fair, king of France, 224, 225
Piacenza, 16, 214
Pierre de Montreuil, 137
Pilgrimages, 52, 116, 131, 139, 148
pillory, 32
Pirenne, Henri, 5
Pisa, 15, 16, 23, 24, 200, 220, 223, 227, 245
plague, 190, 191
Play of Daniel, 186–187
Play of St. Nicholas, 189
plow, wheeled, 10, 88, 228
poetry (see verse)
pointed arch (see Gothic architecture)
police, 117, 200–201, 212
Policraticus, 174
polyphonic music, development of, 121
population, 11, 21, 232
Porte-St.-Jean, Provins, frontispiece, 233
Portus, 12
pound (see libre)
Pré aux Clercs, 51
preservation of food, 50
price-fixing, 90
prices, 48, 49, 234
Priscian, 159
prison, 203
The Prophets, 186, 189
prostitution, 86, 212, 215
Provençal (language), 166
Provence, 4, 5, 11, 245
“Provinois of the Senate” (coin), 220
Provins, frontispiece, 8, 12, 20, 23, 24, 31, 35, 42–43, 52, 99, 107, 108, 120, 130, 134, 177, 211, 216, 218, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 233
provost, 93, 108, 203
Psalter Map, 240
Putemonnaie, Sire Herbert, 108
quadrivium (see liberal arts)
Quem quaeritis trope, 184, 185
Ragnegisile, bishop of Troyes, 155
Raising of Lazarus, 186
Rashi (Salomon ben Isaac) of Troyes, 94
recreations, 63–67
Reims, 4, 17, 18, 201, 219, 226
cathedral of, 137, 140, 141, 148
relics, 91, 92, 126–130, 148, 191
Renard le Contrefait, 34
rhetoric, 159, 161
Rhône, 5, 141
Riccardi company, 244
ritual murder, 95
roads, I, 23–25
Robert, bishop of Troyes, 135
Robert, count of Vermandois, 232
Robert de Sorbon, 120
Robert le Bougre, 134
Robert of Artois, 65
Robert of Blois, 56–57, 233, 235
Robert of Normandy, 119
Robert the Pious, king of France, 58
Roc Amadour, 131
romances, 178–182
Roman de la Rose, 177, 233
Roman de Renard, 109, 117–178, 199
Roman Empire, 2, 3, 5
Romans, 1, 2, 9, 11, 25, 88, 145, 196
rose of Provins, 52
Rouen, 6, 21, 23, 31
cathedral of, 148
routes to the Champagne Fairs (see Champagne, Fairs of)
Rû Cordé, 28
Rutebeuf, 98, 169–171
saddlemakers, 88
safe-conduct (see guarantees to merchants)
St.-Ayoul, Provins, 120
Fair of, 211, 222
St.-Bernard of Clairvaux, 14, 41, 135, 153, 160, 174, 240
St.-Etienne, Troyes, 32, 54, 106, 190
St.-Frobert, Troyes (former synagogue), 95
St.-Jean, Troyes, 15, 31, 47, 83, 120, 218, 220, 226, 228
Fair of (Hot Fair), 15, 21, 23, 211, 212, 217, 223, 224
St. John, Knights of, 197
St.-Julien-le-Pauvre, Paris, 241
St.-Louis (see Louis IX)
St.-Loup (Lupus), bishop of Troyes, 3, 4, 32, 131
St.-Loup, Abbey of, 32, 54, 191, 229, 232
St. Mark, Basilica of, Venice, 16
St.-Omer, 4, 7, 9, 18, 19, 21, 24, 227
St.-Pantaléon, Troyes (former synagogue), 95
St. Peter’s, Rome, 7, 240
St.-Rémi, bishop of Reims, 4
St.-Rémi, Troyes, 15, 120, 211, 244
Fair of (Cold Fair), 15, 21, 211
St. Vitus’ Dance, 115
Sainte-Chapelle, 128, 137
Ste.-Croix, Provins, 130
saints, 126–131
patron, of guilds, 91
Salerno, medical school of, 111, 113
Health Rule of, 118–119
salt, 48, 2
17
sanitation, 15, 30–31, 44–45, 48, 139
Saône, 25
Saxony, 11
schools (see education)
science, 161–163
Seine, 1, 23, 28, 87, 118, 201
Sens, 23
cathedral of, 130, 137
sermons, 47, 71, 73–74, 122–125, 159, 238
servants, 34, 43, 50, 60, 72
Seville, 6, 21
sewage disposal (see sanitation)
shilling (see solidus)
shoemakers, 83–85, 90
shopping, 47–49, 56
shops, 30, 47–49, 77–85
shorthand, 155
siege, 194–198
Siena, 16, 220
signboards, 48
silk, 216
silver (see also mining), 11, 83, 99–100
solidus (sou, shilling), 99–100, 220, 237
Sorbonne, 241
sou (see solidus)
Spain, 5, 24, 25, 113, 219
spices, 15, 31, 44, 48, 217–218, 222, 223, 225, 244
sports (see recreations)
“Strada Francesca,” 23
Strasbourg, 21
cathedral, 129, 139
street-cleaning, 30–31
streets, 12, 77
of Troyes, 28, 30–33, 47–48, 83, 87, 93, 97
sugar, 48, 217
Sugar, abbot of St.-Denis, 14, 136, 141
surgeons, 114–115
surnames, 77–79
Sylvester I, pope (Gerbert), 234
synagogue, 95, 125–126
taille (see taxes)
tailors, 77, 89
tanners, 30, 83–85, 226
tapestry, 37
taverns, 86, 212, 215
taxes, 17, 199, 202, 208, 224–225, 235
Templars, order of, 31, 48, 104, 210, 213, 228
textbooks, 109, 113–114, 171, 175, 237
theater, 183–189, 242–243
Theodoric of Lucca, 115
theology, 155, 165, 241
Thibaut I, the Trickster, count of Champagne, 13, 230
Thibaut II, the Great, count of Champagne, 14, 17, 18, 230
Thibaut IV, the Songwriter (le Chansonnier), count of Champagne, 18, 19, 20, 21, 52, 106, 125, 130, 132, 134, 167–169, 201–202, 207–208, 224, 231
revenues of, 20–21, 213
Thibaut v, count of Champagne, 231, 236
“Third Estate,” 200, 224
three-field system, 11
timbering, 145, 239
timekeeping, 46, 234
tolls, 25
torture, 133, 203
Toulouse, 21
town council, 53, 199, 200, 202, 204, 207
town watch (see police)
toys, 63
translations, 113–114, 161
transportation, 25, 88, 141, 217–218
treaties, commercial, 25
trebuchet, 196
Trencavel, Raymond, viscount of Béziers, 197–198
trial by combat, 205
trial by ordeal, 205
“Tricasses,” I
trivium (see liberal arts)
trope, 184, 185
trouvères, 107, 168, 210 1
Troyes, 1–6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23–33; 26–27 (map); 46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 55, 80, 83, 85, 86–88, 92, 93–97, 98, 99, 100, 102–103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 116, 117–118, 120, 121, 122, 128, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 148, 154, 163, 164, 165, 166–171, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 200, 201, 202, 203, 207–208, 209, 211–223, 224, 225, 226, 228–229, 232, 233, 236
Troy weight, 229
twins, 59
Universities, 53, 113, 159, 164–165, 175, 206, 240–241
University of Bologna, 164, 241, 206
University of Paris, 164–165, 206, 237, 241
Urban IV, pope, 85, 235
valets (see journeymen)
Vandals, 3
vaulting, 145–147, 239
vegetables (see gardens)
Venice, 10, 13, 15, 16, 21, 31, 132, 149, 200, 215, 223, 227, 245
Verdun, 23
Vermandois, count of, 6, 13, 223
vermin, 45
verse, 159–160, 166–171, 177–182
Vertus, 54
Vézelay, 14
Vienne (city), 25
Vienne (river), 30
Vikings, 6, 7, 9, 32, 135, 227–228
Villard de Honnecourt, 64–65, 137, 140, 146–147, 162–163, 234, 239
Villehardouin, Alix de, 54
Villehardouin, Geoffroy de, 167, 169
Villon, François, 234
Visconti, 227
Viscount, 28
Viscount’s Tower, 28, 228, 233
walls, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14–15, 28, 32, 194–198, 233
warfare, 193–198
water supply, 12, 15
wax, 37, 89, 125, 217
weavers, 34, 91, 92, 100–102, 224
weddings, 70–73
wergeld, 205
Westminster Abbey, 137
Westminster Palace, 137–138
wheelbarrow, 142
wife-beating, 55
William des Ormes, seneschal of Carcassonne, 197–198
William of Sens, 137
William of the White Hands, archbishop of Reims, 54, 230
wills, 74, 148, 239
Winchester cathedral, 121
wine, 41, 85–86, 118, 156–157, 219
wine criers, 85
women, 47–57
status of, 52–56
wool, 9, 13, 31, 51, 98, 100–103, 216
Yorks, 6, 21, 243
Ypres, 7, 24, 31, 216, 227
Acknowledgments
The authors, who are amateur historians, owe a debt to four professional historians for invaluable criticism and assistance: Dr. Sylvia L. Thrupp, Alice Freeman Palmer professor of history at the University of Michigan; Dr. John F. Benton, professor of history at the California Institute of Technology; Dr. J. Lee Shneidman, assistant professor of history at Adelphi College; and Dr. Peter Riesenberg, professor of history at Washington University, St. Louis. The debt is especially large to John Benton, a leading authority on medieval Champagne, who made many valuable suggestions, supplied otherwise unobtainable reference material, and read the manuscript not once but twice.
Most of the research was done in two great libraries: the Sterling Library of Yale University, and the Newberry Library of Chicago.
Special acknowledgment is due to four people who helped make the construction of a Gothic cathedral come to life: Rowan and Irene Le Compte, stained-glass artists and creators of windows for the Washington Cathedral; and R. T. Feller and John Fanfani, Clerk of the Works and Assistant Clerk of the Works at the Washington Cathedral.
Finally, mention should be made of the numerous French citizens, from archivists to First World War widows in charge of national monuments, who helped us during our research in France.
Copyright
LIFE IN A MEDIEVAL CITY. Copyright © 1969 by Joseph and Francis C. Gies. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
First HARPER COLOPHON edition published 1981.
EPub Edition © April 2010 ISBN: 978-0-06-201667-6
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