by Maya Lynch
4
ibid.
5
Tapu (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Taken from Maoridictionary.co.nz - http://www.maoridictionary.co.nz/search?idiom=&phrase=&proverb=&loan=&keywords=tapu retrieved 21/6/14
The History of the History
6
Heyerdahl Thor. Kon Tiki. P 16.
7
Kirch Vinton Patrick. On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands before European contact. University of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London. 2000. P23
8
Kirch Vinton Patrick. On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands before European contact. University of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London. 2000. P21
9
From an article titled ‘The Fire Caves of Nanumaga’, originally published in The Age (Australia), on Monday 13 April 1987 retrieved from http://www.tuvaluislands.com/history-caves.htm on 14/6/2014
10
From an article by PBS titled ‘Heyerdahl and Sharp’ from http://www.pbs.org/wayfinders/polynesian5.html retrieved 1/6/2014
11
Levison, Michael, R. G. Ward and J. W. Webb, 1973. The Settlement of Polynesia: a Computer Simulation. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press
12
Terrell John E. “Prehistory in the Pacific Islands” Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. Page 115
13
ibid.
To the Top
14
It should be noted that there is a structure in Western Samoa that does bear a similarity to Pulemelei. There is an earthen mound on the island of Upolu near the village of Vailele that is of a similar size as Pulemelei. Built entirely from mud, the construction of this earth mound has been dated to the 17th century, almost 1,000 years after the construction of Pulemelei.
15
Green, Roger Curtis. Archeology in Western Samoa I. Auckland. Auckland Institute and Museum, 1969. Page 35
16
Scott, Stuart D., 1968. “Samoan Fortifications and Monumental Architecture from Specific Examples”, in I. Yawata and Y. H. Sinoto (ed.), Prehistoric Culture in Oceania. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.
The Heyerdahl Institute
17
Wallin Wallin Clark. The Excavation of Pulemelei Site 2002-2004. Archaeol. Oceania 42 Supplement (2007). University of Sydney. Sydney. p41.
18
Calculated using the data available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0579e/t0579e06.htm#4.3 clearing and piling
Missing
19
Green, Roger Curtis. Archeology in Western Samoa I. Auckland. Auckland Institute and Museum, 1969. Page 35
20
From an article entitled ‘Settlement patterns in Samoa before 1840, by Janet M. Davidson. Published in the Journal of the Polynesian Society Volume 78, 1969, No.1
21
Green, Roger Curtis. Archeology in Western Samoa II. Auckland. Auckland Institute and Museum, 1974. P 282
22
From the article ‘Samoan Village Patterns: Four examples’ By Jackmond, published by the Journal of the Polynesian Society Volume 91 1982 > Volume 91, No. 1 > by J. D. Jennings, R. Holmer and G. Jackmond, p 81-102
Vailima
23
Green, Roger Curtis. Archeology in Western Samoa I. Auckland. Auckland Institute and Museum, 1969. Page 4
24
It appears the the IGRF has recently been updated with Clark and De Biran’s data from Pulemelei. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html
25
‘The mound-ground interface shows a striking reverse polarity reflector on the GPR section. Normal polarity is shown by three white-black-white stripes of the direct wave starting at the surface of the top platform (0m depth), as opposed to three consecutive black-white-black stripes denoting reverse polarity at the mound base.’
Geoffrey Clark and Antoine de Biran Archaeology in Oceania Vol. 42, Supplement: Archaeology in Samoa. The Pulemelei Investigations (Oct., 2007), pp. 60-70
