16. Mercantile Advertiser, December 7, 1814, [4].
17. Ibid.
18. New-York Gazette & General Advertiser, October 8, 1810, [2].
19. Mercantile Advertiser, December 7, 1814, [4] (for all details in this paragraph).
CHAPTER 12: FRANCE BECKONS
1. [Anne Newport Royall], Sketches of History, Life, and Manners, in the United States (1826; repr. New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1970), 242 (for all quotations in the paragraph).
2. New York County, Lands and Property Records, Deeds, Liber 97:394–97.
3. Minutes of the Common Counsel of the City of New York 1784–1831, vol. 7 (New York: The City of New York, 1917), 136.
4. New-York Gazette & General Advertiser, August 18, 1814, [2] (advertisement).
5. Although referred to as “new” in 1814, the only references to it in Stephen’s receipt books (NYHS-BV Jumel, entries for April 25 and September 8, 1814) are suggestive of upgrades rather than a major building campaign: payments for painting, installing windows, and ironwork.
6. For a business venture he engaged in with Stephen in 1808, see NYPL-Letter Book, James B. Durand to Jumel & Desobry, December 6, 1808. For his inventory a few years before he moved to 150 Broadway, see New-York Commercial Advertiser, February 24, 1807, [2] (advertisement). 150 Broadway is identified as his home address in the city directories from 1818/19 to 1820/21. Thereafter his home address is not provided, but a letter from Stephen to Eliza indicates that he was still their tenant in 1829 (MJM 98.12, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, January 22, 1829).
7. New-York Gazette & General Advertiser, August 18, 1814, [2] (advertisement for the property). His business is listed at 150 Broadway in the city directories from 1813/14 through 1816/17.
8. Stephen paid the Manhattan Company $8.75 for a year’s worth of water deliveries beginning May 1, 1814. See NYHS-BV Jumel, entry for January 21, 1815.
9. Stephen’s intention not to return to the United States is clear from comments in later letters, e.g., NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, June 6 and November 9, 1818.
10. The information in the subsequent paragraphs on the books Eliza checked out comes from the following source: New York Society Library, Circulation Ledger, 1814–1815. Where the specific edition Eliza read could be identified, I have cited it. Most of the identifications were made using the 1813 catalogue of the library’s collections (A catalogue of the books belonging to the New-York Society Library; together with the charter and by-laws of the same [New-York: Printed by C. S. Van Winkle, 1813]). For Eliza’s membership in the library, see New York Society Library, Shareholder Payments, 1807–1814.
11. Alf Von Duelman [sic]; Or, the History of the Emperor Philip and his daughters, translated from the German by Ms. A. E. Booth (London, 1794). Although the book is not listed in the 1813 catalogue of the library, other readers, including Jane Schermerhorn and Anna Maria Schieffelin, checked it out in 1814 and 1815.
12. Patrick Bridgwater, The German gothic novel in Anglo-German perspective (Amsterdam and New York: Editions Rodopi, 2013).
13. Pliny the Younger’s letters, from the Latin, with observations, by the Earl of Orrery (London, 1752); Pliny the Younger’s letters, with occasional remarks, by W. Melmoth (London, 1786).
14. Joseph F. Kett and Patricia A. McClung, “Book culture in post-revolutionary Virginia,” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 94, no. 1 (Jan 1, 1984):123, 128, and table 5.0.
15. The circulation ledger refers to “Racine 2d” [i.e., second] rather than “2ème” [i.e., deuxième], implying that she checked out volume 2 of an English rather than French set, but this may have been the fault of a clerk unfamiliar with French numbering. The 1813 catalogue of the library’s collection contains only a French and not an English edition of Racine’s plays: the three-volume Oeuvres de J[ean] Racine (Paris, 1755). The library owned Racine’s Letters to his Son as well, but this was a single volume, not a multivolume set.
16. Mercantile Advertiser, Dec. 30, 1814, [2] (advertisement). The work, titled Paul and Virginia, was probably the eponymous three-act opera by Joseph Mazzinghi and William Reeve, which opened at Covent Garden in 1794.
17. Charles Drelincourt, The Christian’s consolations against the fears of death … (Edinburgh: Printed by A. Murray & J. Cochran, 1771).
18. Ana, ou, Collections de bons mots, contes, pensées détachées, traits d’histoire et anecdotes des hommes célèbes, depuis la renaissance des lettres jusqu’à nos jours … (Amsterdam: Chez Belin, an VII [1799]).
19. B-779, box 112, deposition of Nelson Chase.
20. [George Anderson], An estimate of the profit and loss of religion … (Edinburgh, 1753).
21. New-York Gazette & General Advertiser, January 4, 1811, [2].
22. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 6, letter book of Stephen Jumel.
23. Ibid., e.g., Stephen Jumel to G. Vespre, August 30, 1820; Stephen Jumel to Benjamin Desobry n.d. [August 30, 31, or September 1, 1820]; Stephen Jumel to Vaillat père et fils, August 27, 1820.
24. N.Y. Sup. Ct., Nelson Chase against William Inglis Chase et al., 1880 C-3, exhibit C, no. 1.
25. Mercantile Advertiser, December 7, 1814, [4].
26. Ibid.; New-York Gazette & General Advertiser, August 18, 1814, [2].
27. Sale, New York, Swann Galleries, February 1, 1996 (sale 1714), no. 160.
28. Although the Jumels left no records of the name of the ship, shipping reports published in American newspapers show that the Maria Theresa was the only vessel that left New York for Bordeaux between May 31 and June 19, 1815. That their port of entry was Bordeaux is made clear in NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, June 6, 1818. For the ship’s ownership, see New-York Evening Post, October 7, 1815, [2].
29. New-York Gazette & General Advertiser, May 31, 1815.
30. Mrs. Felton, American life, 7 (see chap. 5, n. 1).
31. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, June 6, 1818.
CHAPTER 13: AN IMPERIAL INTERLUDE
1. Greatorex, 243.
2. Ibid.
3. Shelton, 154.
4. Ibid.
5. Mechanics’ Gazette, and Merchants’ Daily Advertiser [Baltimore], August 16, 1815, [3].
6. Stephen Coote, Napoleon and the Hundred Days (Da Capo Press, 2004), 262.
7. New-York Evening Post, October 7, 1815, [2] (for the ownership of the Maria Theresa).
8. Alan Schom, Napoleon Bonaparte (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997), 762–64; Frank McLynn, Napoleon: A biography (New York: Arcade Publishing, 2002), 630–33.
9. McLynn, Napoleon: A biography, 631.
10. American Beacon and Commercial Diary, August 22, 1815, [2].
11. Ibid.
12. Schom, Napoleon Bonaparte, 765; McLynn, Napoleon: A biography, 633–34.
CHAPTER 14: PARIS
1. BM 710-J, examination of Eliza B. Burr, formerly Jumel.
2. NYHS-JP, box 1, Stephen Jumel to Mary Jumel, August 19, 1815.
3. Lady [Sydney] Morgan, France in 1816, with appendices by Sir T[homas] C[harles] Morgan (Paris, 1817), pt. 2:50, 52, 56.
4. Ibid., pt. 2:2–3.
5. Ibid., pt. 2:56.
6. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, unknown to Eliza Jumel, “Mardi [Tuesday],” otherwise n.d., but postmarked April 27, 182[final digit missing].
7. On the basis of correspondence addressed to them, they were at 13, rue de la Paix on January 24, 1816 (NYPL, Jumel, Stephon [sic] - Miscellaneous File, Death notice for Count Henri Tascher de la Pagerie); and at the Hôtel de Breteuil (a furnished hotel offering lodgings and meals) in the rue de Rivoli in June 1816 (NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, Adèle Olive to Eliza Jumel, “ce Dimanche au seis [this Sunday in sixteen, i.e., 1816],” with internal reference to the June 1816 Paris exhibition of the trousseau of the Duchess of Berry). Another letter from Adèle (NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen), “ce Vendredi au seis [this Friday in sixteen]”), is addressed to Eliza at the Hôtel de Londre
s, rue Traversière, and probably dates from sometime between the two previously mentioned letters. The earliest datable letter carrying the 40, rue de Cléry address (NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen) is an 1816 communication from Adèle, which from internal evidence probably dates from just after the writer’s birthday, August 18.
8. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, Marie-Françoise de Cubières to Eliza Jumel.
9. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, Adèle Olive to Eliza Jumel, “ce Dimanche au seis [this Sunday in sixteen].”
10. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, Henriette Olive to Mary Jumel, “jeudi matin [Thursday morning].”
11. Michaud, Biographie universelle, 542–44 (see chap. 9, n. 5); Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps plus reculés jusqu’à nos jours, vol. 11 (1855; repr., Copenhagen: Rosenkilde et Bagger, 1965), 576–77.
12. Ibid. The quotation is from the title of Cubières’s treatise, Discours sur les services rendus à l’agriculture par les femmes [Paris: Huzard, 1809].
13. Gouvernet, Journal d’une femme, 2:83 (see chap. 9, n.7).
14. NYPL, MssCol 717, D’Auliffe [Olive] family letters, no. 3:138.
15. Philip Mansel, The court of France 1789–1830 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 19, 98.
16. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, English transcript of an 1823 letter from the compte d’Abzac to Eliza Jumel; [Jean Baptiste Pierre Julien de] Courcelles, Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France, des grands dignitaires de la Couronne, des principales familles nobles de royaume …, vol. 9 (Paris: De l’imprimérie de Plassin, 1828), 81–82 (for the comte d’Abzac) and page 87 for the vicomte d’Abzac, Cubières’s associate.
17. NYPL, Jumel, Stephon [sic] - Miscellaneous File, Death notice for Count Henri Tascher de la Pagerie; Shelton, 154–55. The count died at the age of thirty in January 1816. The story that his widow lived with the Jumels in Paris for nine years (Shelton, 155) has no foundation.
18. Testu, Almanach royal, pour les années M. DCCC. XIV et M. DCCC. XV (Paris: Chez Testu, n.d.), 434.
19. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, A. Noël to Eliza Jumel (English transcript); J. D***, Almanach de 25,000 adresses de Paris, pour l’année 1816 (Paris: C. L. F. Panckoucke, January 1816), 428.
20. Ralph Gibson, A social history of French Catholicism (London and New York: Routledge, 1989), 189.
21. Yale University Library, Manuscripts and Archives, Samuel Waldron Lambert Papers, Ms 938, Adèle de Cubières to Eliza Jumel, “ce Dimanche matin [this Sunday morning],” asking Eliza to “come see us this morning as you leave the mass.” The phrasing suggests that Eliza would be nearby, presumably at the Royal Chapel.
22. An American lady in Paris 1828–1829: The diary of Mrs. John Mayo, ed. Mary Mayo Crenshaw (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1927), 79.
23. Ibid., 37; NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, marquise de la Suze to Eliza Jumel, December 13, 1822.
24. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, marquise de la Suze to Eliza Jumel, October 27, [1816].
25. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, marquise de la Suze to Eliza Jumel, January 6, [1817].
26. F.V. Goblet, Paris, sa banlieue, et itinéraire des administrations, édifices, ministères, monumens, rues de la capital …, 4ème ed. (Paris: Chez Anselin et Pouchard, 1825), 7, 11.
27. Galignani’s Paris guide; or, Stranger’s companion through the French metropolis …, 10th ed. (Paris: A. and W. Galignani, 1822), cxxii.
28. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mary E., Anna Selena Hooke to Mary Jumel, May 23, 1818.
29. Shelton, 156.
30. Ibid.
CHAPTER 15: THE COLLECTOR
1. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, Adèle Olive to Eliza Jumel, dated “ce Vendredi au seis [this Friday in sixteen, i.e., 1816].”
2. NYHS-AHMC, Jumel, Mme. Stephen, Adèle Olive to Eliza Jumel, dated “ce Dimanche au seis [this Sunday in sixteen].”
3. C[laude] G. Fontaine, Catalogue of original paintings, from Italian, Dutch, Flemish and French masters of the ancient and modern times, selected by the best judges from eminent galleries in Europe, and intended for a private gallery in America (New York, 1821).
4. Henry Milton, Letters on the fine arts, written from Paris in the year 1815 (London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1816), 26.
5. Ibid., 195–96.
6. Ibid., 76, 89.
7. Philip Mansel, Paris between empires: Monarchy and revolution 1814–1852 (New York: Saint Martin’s Press, 2001), 154.
8. Sale, Paris, April 23–24, 1816, no. 56; Sale, Paris, June 15, 1816 [Streicker and Barbier collections], no. 4; Sale, Paris, October 7, 1816 [Streicker collection], no. 1 (sold for 24 francs 10 centimes per the Getty Provenance Index sales catalogues database).
9. Thomas Jefferson, one of the greatest eighteenth-century American collectors, owned approximately forty-one paintings, of which the majority were copies (and were knowingly purchased as such). See Seymour Howard, “Thomas Jefferson’s art gallery for Monticello,” Art Bulletin 59, no. 4 (December 1977): 597–600.
10. Sale, Paris, October 17–19, 1816 (Collection of François-Andre Vincent), no. 10; price supplied in the Getty Provenance Index (sale catalogues database). It disappears subsequently from the Parisian art market.
11. “Fine arts,” National Advocate, September 16, 1817, [2].
12. Mary Bartlett Cowdrey, American Academy of Fine Arts and American Art Union exhibition record 1816–1852 (New York: New-York Historical Society, 1953), 323, no. 51 (as by “Scholl” [sic]); “Fine arts. Review—continued,” National Advocate, September 20, 1817, [2].
13. Catalogue d’une belle collection de tableaux des écoles hollandaise et flamande, pierres gravées, mozaïque, miniature, ivoire, bronzes, curiosité ancienne et moderne. Rapportés des voyages d’Italie et de Hollande, par J. A. L. B*** [Barbier] (Paris, 1816), no. 50 (sold for seventy francs, per an annotation in a copy in the Frick Art Reference Library); Notice de tableaux des trois écoles composant le cabinet de M*** [Rolland] (Paris, 1816), no. 45 (sold for sixty francs, per an annotation in a copy in the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, available through the Art Sales Catalogues Online database).
14. Louis XV in the Dress of Bacchus is probably identifiable with a Nattier Portrait of an Aristocratic Youth (possibly the Duc de Chaulnes) as Bacchus in The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art in Sarasota, Florida, today. As late as 1949, the picture in the Ringling collection was referred to as a Presumed Portrait of Louis XV, King of France by Nattier (William E. Suida, Catalogue of Paintings in the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art [John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, 1949], no. 380). The donor, John Ringling, acquired it from a New York collection, that of Edgar Mills, in 1930; see Catalogue of paintings and portraits to close the estate of Edgar Mills, deceased (New York: The Alexander Press, [1930]), no. 185, as Bacchus, “French school, 18th century.” Before that the painting may have been for a time in the collection of the Hon. Thomas B. Carroll, a resident of Troy and Albany, New York (Troy, New York, Young Men’s Association, Catalogue of the Loan Exhibition, being one hundred and forty ancient and modern oil paintings, loaned by the Hon. Thomas B. Carroll for the benefit of the Association [Troy, NY: Daily Press Steam Printing House, 1878], no. 26, Louis XIV, as Bacchus, by Fran. Sneyders [sic]).
15. The diary of James Gallatin: Secretary to Albert Gallatin; A great peace maker 1813–1827, ed. Count Gallatin (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916), 100.
16. Mansel, Paris between empires, 154–55.
CHAPTER 16: SEPARATE LIVES
1. “Ship news. Port of New-York,” National Advocate, May 15, 1817, [2].
2. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, April 16, 1817.
3. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, April 18, 1817.
4. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, May 5, 1816 [sic] (actually written on May 5, 1817].
5. Ibid.
6. Sean Michael Scanlan, Narr
ating nostalgia: Modern literary homesickness in New York narratives, 1809–1925, PhD diss., University of Iowa (Ann Arbor: ProQuest/UMI, May 2008, UMI Number 3323465), 27, 39; Susan J. Matt, Homesickness: An American history (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 5–6.
7. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, May 5, 1816 [sic] (actually written on May 5, 1817].
8. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, April 16, 1817.
9. Ibid.
10. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, letters of March 6 and June 6, 1818.
11. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, May 12, 1817.
12. 1876 Bill of Complaint, letter 2.
13. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, May 12, 1817. In this letter, he speaks of the expense of paying for the education and maintenance of three young children, most likely referring to the Jones children. In 1866 Eliza Jones (by then Eliza Tranchell) said that Eliza Jumel sent her, her sister, Louisa, and her brother, Stephen, to school in Connecticut in 1817, but it would have been Stephen who paid their tuition.
14. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, May 5, 1816 [sic] (actually written on May 5, 1817].
15. Shelton, 156.
16. Ibid., 156–57.
17. Ibid., 157.
18. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, April 16, 1817.
19. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, letters of May 5, 12, and 28, 1817.
20. NYHS-JP, box 1, folder 3, Stephen Jumel to Eliza Jumel, June 6, 1818; NYHS-JP, box 2, folder E, Eliza Jumel to “Mr. Banard” [sic], October 6, 1817.
21. Lillian B. Miller, Patrons and patriotism: The encouragement of the fine arts in the United States 1790–1860 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966), 147.
22. Carrie Rebora, “The American Academy of Fine Arts, New York 1802–1842” (PhD diss., City University of New York, 1990), 3, 35–36.
The Remarkable Rise of Eliza Jumel Page 30
