Page 208 Joel Filártiga . . . Radovan Karadžić: Anne-Marie Slaughter and David L. Bosco, “Alternative Justice,” Crimes of War Project, May 2001.
Page 208 $4.5 billion in damages: David Rhode, “Jury in New York Orders Bosnian Serb to Pay Billions,” New York Times, September 26, 2000.
Page 208 no control over the Burmese military: David Moberg, “Burma Inc.; Keeping the Pressure on the Junta and Its Corporate Partners,” In These Times, October 1, 2001.
Page 208 Unocal settled for an undisclosed amount: Lisa Girion, “Unocal to Settle Rights Claims,” Los Angeles Times, December 14, 2004.
Page 209 suing ExxonMobil for funneling money: “Labor Fund Sues Exxon, Coke, Fresh Del Monte,” Social Issues Reporter, September 2001.
Page 209 “hired, contracted with or otherwise”: Complaint (1), SINALTRAINAL v. Coke, 4.
Page 210 In addition to the bottlers’ agreements: Complaint (1), SINALTRAINAL v. Coke, 10.
Page 210 Coca-Cola Company’s quarter share in Panamco: Complaint (1), SINALTRAINAL v. Coke, 15.
Page 210 could block the Kirbys from selling it: Complaint (1), SINALTRAINAL v. Coke, 15-16, 25.
Page 210 “I sought the permission”: Richard Kirby Kielland deposition, Gil 2:200-204.
Page 210 “wherever we operate”: “Colombian Union Sues Coke,” United Press International, July 20, 2001.
Page 210 “the Coca-Cola Company does not”: Nick Rosen, “Colombian Union to Sue Coca-Cola in Human Rights Case,” Associated Press Worldstream, July 19, 2001.
Page 211 didn’t deny that paramilitaries targeted: Juan Forero, “Union Says Coca-Cola in Colombia Uses Thugs,” New York Times, July 26, 2001.
Page 211 “You don’t use them”: Garry M. Leach, “Coke Is It,” In These Times, September 3, 2001.
Page 211 “For all we know”: Transcript of motion to dismiss, June 6, 2002, SINALTRAINAL v. Coke.
Page 211 submitted a sample bottlers’ agreement: Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter (103), SINALTRAINAL v. Coke, 11.
Page 212 Adolfo de Jesús Munera was shot dead: Gladys Cecilia Rincón de Munera, et al. v. The Coca-Cola Company, et al., U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, l:2006-cv-21412.
Page 212 Gil’s murder wasn’t a war crime: Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter (103), SINALTRAINAL v. Coke, 9-10.
Page 212 no control over the bottlers: Order on Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Subject Matter, SINALTRAINAL v. Coke (103); SINALTRAINAL v. Coke, 11-12.
Page 213 earliest education as an activist: Ray Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 214 “corporate campaign”: “An Interview with Ray Rogers,” Working Papers, January- February 1982. The first use of the term “corporate campaign” in a major newspaper is in a story about Rogers’s campaign against J. P. Stevens: Jack Egan, “Stevens Director Resigns; Avon Chairman Resigns from Stevens Board,” Washington Post, March 22, 1978.
Page 214 the company’s 1977 shareholder meeting: “An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
Page 215 threatening to pull out millions of dollars . . . bargaining table: Gail Bronson and Jeffrey H. Birnbaum, “Rogers’ Tough, Unorthodox Tactics Prevail in Stevens Organizing Fight,” Wall Street Journal, October 21, 1980; “An Interview with Ray Rogers”; Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 215 the “Ray Rogers Clause”: “An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
Page 215 “Because Stevens”: “Labor’s Blacklist,” Wall Street Journal, March 24, 1978.
Page 215 “What the labor movement”: “An Interview with Ray Rogers.”
Page 215 goal of anyone wanting to change the world: Saul Alinsky, Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals (New York: Vintage, 1989 [orig. pub. 1971]), 10.
Page 216 “rhetorical rationale”: Alinsky, 13.
Page 216 “In a complex” . . . focused their efforts on Philip Morris: Alinsky, 130-132. For an excellent discussion of target selection based on Alinsky’s work, see also Kim Fellner, Wrestling with Starbucks: Conscience, Capital, Cappuccino (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008), 230-231.
Page 216 successful campaigns against Campbell’s Soup and American Airlines: Daniel Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla,” Time, June 20, 1988; Ted Reed, “Union Hires Consultant for EAL Fight,” Miami Herald, July 12, 1989; Larry Neumeister, “Zuckerman Takes Control of Daily News, Visits Newsroom,” Associated Press, January 9, 1993; “American Agreement May Signal More Airline Labor Fights,” Associated Press, December 24, 1987.
Page 217 650 people lost their jobs: Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla.”
Page 217 seeking confrontation and publicity: American Dream, directed by Barbara Kopple (DVD, Cabin Creek Films, 1990).
Page 217 “one of the labor movement’s”: Benjamin, “Labor’s Boardroom Guerrilla.”
Page 217 forced to relocate: Rogers, interview by the author; Doug Grow, “Labor Activist Bubbly over Coca-Cola Fight,” Star Tribune (Minneapolis), April 25, 2004.
Page 218 A parade of union carpenters . . . challenged Coke’s general counsel: David Kaplan and L. M. Sixel, “Human Rights, Salary at Issue for Coca-Cola,” Houston Chronicle, April 17, 2003.
Page 218 kidnapping and beating of the son of Limberto Carranza: Final Report, “An Investigation of Allegations of Murder and Violence in Coca-Cola’s Bottling Plants,” NYC Fact-Finding Delegation on Coca-Cola in Colombia led by New York city councilman Hiram Monserrate, April 2004.
Page 218 SINALTRAINAL released a list of demands: “Seven Points to Settlement,” Campaign to Stop Killer Coke, http://www.killercoke.org/sevpts.htm.
Page 219 yearlong boycott: César García, “Colombian Union Launches Boycott of Coca-Cola for Alleged Role in the Deaths of Plant Workers,” Associated Press Worldstream, July 22, 2003.
Page 219 media reported it as such: Jim Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott,” Atlanta Business Chronicle, November 21, 2003.
Page 219 SunTrust Bank: Madeleine Baran, “Stop Killer Coke!” Dollars & Sense, November/ December 2003; Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 219 owned some 50 million Coke shares: “SunTrust Sells Coca-Cola Shares It’s Held 88 Years,” CNBC.com, May 15, 2007, http://www.cnbc.com/id/18677410.
Page 220 casualties of a globalizing economy: See Klein, No Logo.
Page 220 protests at the WTO meetings: For an activists’ perspective on the event, see David Solnit and Rebecca Solnit, The Battle of the Story of the Battle of Seattle (Edinburgh, Scotland: AK Press, 2009).
Page 220 patchouli-scented caravan of activists: See Naomi Klein, Fences and Windows: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the Globalization Debate (New York: Picador, 2002).
Page 220 removed Coke from its campus: Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott”; “Boycott Killer Coke!” Colombia Action Network.
Page 220 Bard College in upstate New York followed suit: Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott”; Baran, “Stop Killer Coke!”
Page 221 “Unfortunately, Bard College officials”: Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott.”
Page 221 passed by fewer than sixty votes: Shane Hegarty, “Students Give Coke the Push,” Irish Times, October 18, 2003.
Page 221 won by an even higher margin: Lovell, “Students Call for Coke Boycott.”
Page 221 $100,000-a-year budget: Campaign to Stop Killer Coke grant requests, 2006 and 2007; Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 221 Coke’s $30 billion: The Coca-Cola Company, Annual Report, 2010.
Page 221 mentioned the situation in Colombia: Paul Klebnikov, “Coke’s Sinful World,” Forbes, December 22, 2003.
Page 222 voted twelve to eight to remove Carleton’s Coke machines: The details of this account stem solely from Rogers; however, independent sources corroborate the fact that he attended the meeting and debated Coke’s representative. See Ian Werkheiser, “Killer Coke,” Z Magazine, August 1, 2004, and Margaret Webb, “Human Rights Charges Still Gnaw at Coca-Cola,�
� Washington Post, April 22, 2004.
Page 222 next campus to sever its ties with Coke: Avi Chomsky, interview by the author.
Page 223 honored as a civil rights pioneer: Brian C. Mooney, “Patrick’s Path from Courtroom to Boardroom,” Boston Globe, August 13, 2006.
Page 223 “from human rights violations”: Letter from Terry Collingsworth to Equal Justice Works board members, October 2, 2003.
Page 223 “so we could see”: Webb, “Human Rights Charges Still Gnaw at Coca-Cola.”
Page 223 “sources close to the situation”: Webb, “Human Rights Changes Still Gnaw at Coca-Cola.”
Page 223 “confidence in the brand”: Joan Vennochi, “Killer Coke’s Charges Go Flat,” Boston Globe, August 10, 2006.
Page 223 “either of two things”: Mooney, “Patrick’s Path from Courtroom to Boardroom.”
Page 223 The company refused: Vennochi, “Killer Coke’s Charges Go Flat.”
Page 224 $2.1 million consulting contract: Mooney, “Patrick’s Path from Courtroom to Boardroom.”
Page 224 the campaign played a role in Daft’s own retirement: Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 224 Rogers had a love-hate relationship: Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 224 “Coke has shown”: Final Report, “An Investigation of Allegations of Murder and Violence in Coca-Cola’s Bottling Plants,” NYC Fact-Finding Delegation on Coca-Cola in Colombia led by New York city councilman Hiram Monserrate, April 2004.
Page 224 first-quarter profits of $1.13 billion: Scott Leith, “Coke’s First-Quarter Profit Climbs 35 Percent,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, April 22, 2004.
Page 225 Daft addressed the Colombia situation . . . call for an independent investigation: The account of the 2004 shareholders meeting draws on video shown on Democracy Now!, April 27, 2004, “Killer Coke: Activist Disrupts Coca Cola Shareholders Meeting” (http://www.democracynow.org/2004/4/27/stream), as well as Ray Rogers, interview by the author, and the following contemporaneous news reports: Grow, “Labor Activity Bubbly over Coca-Cola Fight”; Scott Leith and Matt Kempner, “Scuffle, Catcalls Spice Coca-Cola’s Annual Meeting in Delaware,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, April 22, 2004; and Webb, “Human Rights Charges Still Gnaw at Coca-Cola.”
Page 225 hadn’t intended the meeting to turn physical: Rogers, interview by the author.
Page 225 77,000 shares of common stock: The Coca-Cola Company, Proxy Statement, March 4, 2004; The Coca-Cola Company, “Historical Price Lookup,” http://ir.thecocacolacompany.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=94566&p=irol-stocklookup.
Page 226 $5,000 check to Corporate Campaign, Inc.: Note from B. Wardlaw to Ray Rogers, April 23, 2004.
Page 226 refusal to investigate in Colombia: Betsy Morris, “The Real Story: How Did Coca-Cola’s Management Go from First-Rate to Farcical in Six Short Years? Tommy the Barber Knows,” Fortune, May 17, 2004.
CHAPTER 9 . ALL THE WATER IN INDIA
Page 228 fecal coliform bacteria count of 600,000: “Up to Their Necks in It,” The Economist, July 17, 2008.
Page 228 toxic soup of heavy metals: “Hazardous Heavy Metals Polluting Ganga,” Times of India, June 4, 2009.
Page 228 “a cloudy brown soup of excrement”: “Up to Their Necks in It.”
Page 228 ambitious cleanup plan: Dipak Mishra, “Clean Ganga Water Still a Dream,” Times of India, March 22, 2010; Samanth Subramanian, “The Monumental Decline of a Great River,” MINT, September 1, 2009.
Page 228 Nearly half of those who bathe: “India’s Ganges River Brings Disease, Pollution; Believers Scarcely Notice,” Associated Press, May 9, 2002.
Page 229 “Lok Samiti follows”: Nandlal Master, interview by the author.
Page 230 The plant here dates back to 1995: Nandlal, interview by the author; Shira Wolf, “Thanda-Hearted Matlab: Coca-Cola in India,” University of Wisconsin College Year in India paper, 2003-2004.
Page 230 Coca-Cola India purchased the plant: Nandlal, interview by the author; Wolf, “Thanda-Hearted Matlab”; Independent Third Party Assessment of Coca-Cola Facilities in India, Project Report No. 2006WM21 (New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute, 2006), 219 (hereafter TERI report).
Page 230 clashing with the company: Nandlal, interview by the author.
Page 230 short-term contracts: Kalyan Ranjan, interview by the author.
Page 230 workers appealed to company management: Nandlal, interview by the author.
Page 230 “The first major problem”: Urmika Vishwakarma, interview by the author.
Page 230 water pooled by the side of the highway: Nantoo Banerjee, The Real Thing: Coke’s Bumpy Ride Through India (Kolkata, India: Frontpage, 2009), 79.
Page 231 “nothing would grow”: Nandlal and Vishwakarma, interviews by the author.
Page 231 water shortages in 2002: Shankkar Aiyar, “The Impact: Thirst Aid,” India Today, 2002; “Indian Economy: General Review,” Finance India, March 2003; “Drought May Undo Govt’s Plans for High GDP Growth,” Press Trust of India, July 25, 2004.
Page 231 one of ninety-seven wells that Lok Samiti says: R. Chandrika, “Decreasing Water Levels: Status of Water Table in Mehdiganj and Surrounding Villages, Varanasi, U.P. (August 2006),” Lok Samiti Varanasi.
Page 231 villagers staged their first rally: Nandlal, interview by the author; Mukesh Prabhan, president of Nagepur village committee, interview by the author.
Page 231 ordered Coke to clean up: Nandlal, interview by the author; Banerjee, 79.
Page 231 canal overflowed into his fish pond: Local farmer, interview by the author.
Page 232 Coke uses only 3 percent of the area’s groundwater: Ranjan, interview by the author.
Page 232 “We have never dispensed biosolids to farmers”: Press Trust of India, July 31, 2003.
Page 233 “since 2003, we no longer distribute biosolids”: “Coca-Cola India: Questions and Answers,” www.cokefacts.com/India/facts_in_qa.shtml.
Page 233 problem persisted for months: Banerjee, 79.
Page 233 15 million liters during June: TERI report, 206.
Page 233 seven-step process of purification: Sanjay Bansal, interview by the author.
Page 234 tank containing two ground fish: Bansal, interview by the author.
Page 234 a lot of good for his village: Dudh Nath Yadav, interview by the author.
Page 234 more than 150 people protesting: Ranjan, interview by the author.
Page 234 thousands of people at a time protesting: See, for example, India Resource Center, “Police Attack Coca-Cola Protest, over 350 Arrested,” press release, November 25, 2004; “UP Villagers Allege Coca-Cola of ‘Poisoning’ Their Drinking Water,” Hindustan Times, October 5, 2006.
Page 235 Thums Up, a drier and fruitier cola: Tuck Business School of Dartmouth, Coca-Cola India, Case no. 1-0085, prepared by Jennifer Kaye, under the direction of Professor Paul A. Argenti, 2004 (hereafter, Tuck case).
Page 235 Coke simply bought up the company: Banerjee, 19.
Page 235 at least 49 percent of shares: Banerjee, 25.
Page 235 6 bottles per person per year: Tuck case.
Page 236 Coke languishes in third place: Banerjee, 43-46.
Page 236 stay of execution in divesting its shares: Banerjee, 28-32.
Page 236 10 percent of the company is Indian-owned: Banerjee, 33-42.
Page 236 Volume grew by nearly 40 percent: Tuck case.
Page 237 sank six bore wells: Coca-Cola India, “The Coca-Cola Company Addresses Allegations Made About Our Business in India,” press release, June 1, 2004, www.thecocacolacompany.com/presscenter/viewpoints_india.
Page 237 fast-tracked approval: A. Krishnan, Perumutty Gram Panchayat president, interview by the author.
Page 237 “When Coca-Cola first”...“Many villages have boycotted”: R. Ajayan, interview by the author.
Page 237 distributed sludge for use as fertilizer: Ajayan, interview by the author; several anonymous villagers, interviews by the author.
Page 238 never enough water: Anonymous vi
llagers, interviews by the author.
Page 238 bitter aftertaste: Taste test by the author.
Page 238 literacy rate of over 90 percent: Kerala Fact Sheet, 2005-2006, National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, http://www.nfhsindia.org/pdf/KE.pdf.
Page 238 antibusiness climate had led to high unemployment: See Banerjee, 128-129.
Page 238 returned a portion of their ancestral lands: C. R. Bijoy, “Kerala’s Plachimada Struggle” (Thiruvananthapuram [Trivandrum], India: Plachimada Coca-Cola Virudha Samara Samithi and Plachimada Struggle Solidarity Committee, November 2006), 4; C. R. Bijoy, interview by the author.
Page 239 “I told them their strength was in the local”: Bijoy, interview by the author.
Page 239 around-the-clock sit-in: Bijoy and Veloor Swaminathan, interviews by the author; Bijoy, “Kerala’s Plachimada Struggle,” 7-10.
Page 239 “unfit for human consumption”: Sangram Metals report, April 3, 2002; Bijoy, “Kerala’s Plachimada Struggle,” 10.
Page 239 “In the beginning”: Krishnan, interview by the author.
Page 239 Indian branch of Greenpeace: D. Rajeev, “Coca-Cola’s Cup of Woes Overflows,” Inter Press Service, August 7, 2003.
Page 240 Sympathetic stories in the media: For example, “Kerala Villagers Up in Arms Against Coca-Cola,” Press Trust of India, June 21, 2002.
Page 240 declared their support: “Communist Parties Throw Support,” Press Trust of India, February 3, 2003.
Page 240 “They were just too arrogant”: Krishnan, interview by the author.
Page 240 revoking the plant’s operating license: Krishnan, interview by the author; Bijoy, “Kerala’s Plachimada Struggle,” 13; Press Trust of India, July 31, 2003.
Page 240 solid waste as fertilizer: “India Coca-Cola Investigation” (transcript), presenter John Waite, BBC Radio 4, July 25, 2003.
Page 240 useless as fertilizer: P. Venugopal, “Toxicity in Plachimada Sludge,” The Hindu, July 27, 2003.
Page 240 toxic levels of lead and cadmium: BBC Test Results, “Analytical Results for Sample NGP03020”; Bijoy, “Kerala’s Plachimada Struggle,” 11; “Coke’s ‘Toxic Sludge’ Raises Hackles in Kerala; State Pollution Control Board to Probe BBC Charge Against Coca-Cola,” India Abroad, August 8, 2003.
The Coke Machine: The Dirty Truth Behind the World's Favorite Soft Drink Page 40
