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Tan, Chung (ed.), Across the Himalayan Gap: An Indian Quest for Understanding China, New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House for the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, 1998.
Tan, Chung (ed.), India and China: Special Issue, New Delhi: Indian Council for Cultural Relations, 1994.
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Waley, Arthur, The Real Tripitaka, London: Allen & Unwin, 1952.
Watson, Burton (trans.), The Lotus Sutra, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Weinstein, Stanley, Buddhism Under the T’ang, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Welch, Holmes, Buddhism Under Mao, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
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INDEX
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Afghanistan 43, 150, 154, 156, 176, 185, 191, 193, 224
Buddhism in 188–90, 196, 206, 289
Taliban in 187–8, 197–8, 204–6
Afghans 318
Afrasiab, Samarkand 176
Africa 225
Agrawal, Dr 219–20, 222–3, 228
Ajanta, India 319–21, 381
Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan 151
Akbar, Emperor 202
Ak-beshim, Kyrgyzstan 157, 169–71, 440
Alexander the Great 193–4, 339
Ambedkar (Babasaheb) 306–11
The Buddha and his Dharma 312
Ambedkar, Ramtirath 306, 308–11
Amitabha Buddha 14, 27, 65, 373, 376, 395
Amrapali 277
Ananda 201, 274, 302, 304, 312, 391
Andrew (American pilgrim) 271–6
antique-smuggling 203–4
Anxi (Guazhou) 82–3, 87, 93
Arabs 175, 357
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) 219–20, 224, 226, 266
archaeology 170–1, 202, 266, 302–3, 354–5 368–9
thefts 101–2, 124, 371–2
Asanga 182, 243
Asiatic Society, Calcutta 224–5
Asoka (Bodh Gaya guide) 276–80, 284
Asoka, King 201, 227, 233–5, 266, 267, 284, 299–300, 313, 359, 428
Assam, King of 324, 325
Aurangzeb, Emperor 292
Babur, Emperor 202
Bactria 194
Bamiyan, Afghanistan 176, 188, 190, 204–7
King of 205
Basham, A. L. 321
Baykal, Lake 150
Bedal Pass 148–9
Begram treasures 203
Beijing 50, 60, 220
University 35–7, 41, 143, 421
Benares, India 224, 289–93, 296, 298, 316
King of 358
Bengal, Governor-General of 265
Berlin Ethnographic Museum 102, 103, 124
Bezeklik 99–103, 381
Bienji 423
Big Wild Goose Pagoda 51–72, 236, 247, 417, 431, 433, 438, 439
Xuanzang Memorial Hall 69, 253
Bihar, India 229–30, 238–41, 262, 265, 278–80, 285, 301, 313
Governor of 249–50
Bimaran, Afghanistan 190
Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 149, 151–3, 154, 168–9, 177
Black Jade river 340, 360
Bodh Gaya, Bihar 227, 259, 261–72, 276, 284, 385
Bodhi Tree 189, 192, 232, 262, 266–72, 277, 304, 315
Bodhisattvas 48, 127–8, 248, 295, 359, 395, 403–5
attributes of 65, 149, 323
Deva Bodhisattva 294
Guanyin, Bodhisattva of Compassion 14, 22, 24, 27, 33–4, 89–90, 108, 199, 274, 324, 379, 382, 404
images of 99, 133, 200, 202, 204, 221, 321–2, 354, 372, 377–80, 382
Wenshu, Bodhisattva of Wisdom 244, 377–8, 380, 404
Brahmadatta, King of Benares 291
Britain 237
British Museum 190, 372
Buchanan, Dr 265
Buddha 8, 31, 52, 211, 399–400
death and nirvana of 301–3
disciples of 188, 201, 243, 274, 275, 277, 289, 291
enlightenment 15, 87, 127, 188, 201, 227, 229, 251, 260–1, 266, 268, 400
as historical figure 192, 223, 225, 265
images of 99, 191–3, 195–6, 202, 204–6, 220–1, 300, 302–4, 320, 341
incarnations of 127, 181–2, 201
Jataka stories 127, 289, 291, 295–6, 299
life events 61, 225–7, 229, 233, 235, 241, 260–1, 276–7, 289, 291, 298–9, 356, 361
relics of 63, 189–90, 194, 201, 202, 235
sayings of 62, 67, 71, 97, 125, 143, 192, 219, 273, 326–7, 443
teachings of 52, 61, 68, 80, 90–1, 212, 251, 262, 268, 275, 276–8, 285, 305, 3
10, 311, 359
Buddhism 123, 158, 175, 221, 442
in Afghanistan 188–90
Chinese form of 14, 17–18, 250–2, 273–4, 295, 310
death in 91, 219, 398–9
Dharma 52, 66, 247, 310, 312, 337, 356, 395
enlightenment 13–15, 97, 127–8, 193, 194, 196, 199, 273, 310
five precepts of 291
good government in174
in India 16, 211–12, 221–8, 251, 270, 278, 306–10, 312, 315–16, 318, 379
karma 18, 61–2, 65, 91, 309–11, 399, 401
meditation 13, 54–5, 195, 196, 251, 268, 273, 392, 399–400
miracles 295–6
monks and nuns 40, 52–8, 62–3, 70–1, 194, 211–12, 267–8, 318, 384, 391–2, 398, 411, 426
new Buddhists 311–12
nirvana 194–5, 304–5, 395–6
non-duality in 378
non-violence 5, 358–9
paradise 15, 18, 28, 48, 67, 69, 248, 273, 274, 382, 394–6
persecutions 70, 398, 431, 441
pilgrims 201, 212, 234, 267–71
rebirth 91, 232, 309–11, 395, 399, 444
Sangha 52, 277–8, 318
schools of 13–16, 127–8, 247, 250–2
spread of 79, 189, 211–12, 269, 332–3
suicide in 66–8
three jewels of 52, 188
three pillars of 400
women in 199
yoga 260
see also sutras
Buddhist art 92, 269, 303
apsaras 125–6, 135, 374
carvings 320–1
cave paintings 100, 125–7, 133, 135, 303, 321–2, 367, 372–83, 433
Gandhara-style 191–3, 195–6, 197, 203, 339, 354
sculpture 191–3, 195–6, 202, 204–6, 220, 227, 300, 320, 433
Burma 56, 127, 225, 265–6
Cable, Mildred 384
Cambodia 56
Carlleyle, Archibald 302
Caucasians 109, 131–2, 360
Cen Sen 87
Central Asian Republics 140, 151–4
hostage crisis 152–3, 155–6, 162
Ceylon, see Sri Lanka
Chan, see Zen
Chang’an 50–1, 81, 95, 120–2, 123, 150, 362
religion in 422
Tang court 418–19
Xuanzang in 15, 50–1, 75, 409–10, 416
see also Big Wild Goose Pagoda; Xian
China 150
army 119, 121, 123, 125, 165, 170
Buddhism in 24, 71, 212, 250, 252, 254–5, 282–3, 410–11, 422, 426–7, 433, 441
family in 139
famine 19, 21, 62, 282
foot-binding 18, 23–4, 198–9, 434
foreigners in 419–22, 434
history in 222–3
literature 254–5
opium trade 237–9
peasant rebellions 283
religion in 17–20, 40, 64, 70, 165–6, 222, 350, 422
tea trade 237
women in 198–9, 432, 434
see also China, Communist
China, Communist 3–9, 17–23, 31–5, 280–3, 443–4
Buddhism in 39–40, 55–61, 64, 67–8, 70, 275, 393, 431
Constitution 20
economic reforms 39, 215–16
fiftieth anniversary celebrations 335–6, 348
labour camps 115
Land Reform 34, 53, 55
political campaigns 20, 115, 141, 443
relations with India 212–13, 216–17, 235–6, 253–4
struggle meetings 4–5, 20, 23, 56, 64–5, 281
see also Communist Party of China
Chinese Buddhist Seminary, Beijing 56
‘Chinese Buddhist’ (fighter plane) 67
Chinese New Year 3, 24–5, 117
Christianity 40, 172, 422
Chunda (blacksmith) 301–2
Communism 17, 151, 153–4, 199, 280
Communist Party of China 17, 19–20, 31, 35–6, 335–6
Youth League 35
Communist Party of India 283
Confucianism 17, 254, 341
Confucius 21, 222
Congress Party of India 230, 307
Construction and Production Corporation 139, 140
Cultural Relics Bureau, China 59
Cultural Revolution 4–7, 9, 31–2, 35–6, 62, 143, 156, 394–5, 401, 443
Cunningham, Alexander 202, 224–5, 226–8, 245, 266, 299, 302–3
Dalai Lama 235
Daoan 337
Daoism 17–18, 411, 422, 426
Darra arms bazaar 185
Deer Park, Sarnath 298–9
Delhi, India 214, 215, 220–1, 228
Dhammapada 97
Dharmapala 315
Dharmarajika stupa 299–300
Dharmaraksha 211
Dictionary of the Turkic Language 359
Dima (driver) 169–70
Dongan Pagoda, Karakul 158
Dongans 158, 164–7
Dravida kingdom 315
drugs 191, 237–8
Duan, Mr 53–63, 64, 70, 71, 236, 442
Du Huaibao 175
Dunhuang, Western China 358, 362, 365–9, 377, 378, 384–5, 414
manuscripts 369–72, 382, 383, 427
monastery 386–405
East India Company 237, 265
Eastern Turkestan, Islamic Republic of 154, 334
Eastern Turks 150–1
Fa Xian: Record of Buddhist Countries 212, 225, 441
Fat Ma (guide) 92–5, 98–101, 103–6, 109, 336, 339, 343
Ferghana valley 81
Flaming Mountain 104–6
Flying Horses of Wuwei 80–1
Foucher, Alfred 183
Fu Yi 410–11
Fo Guangzi, Crown Prince 430
Galina (hostel manager) 158–64, 167
Gandhara, Kingdom of 181, 183, 193, 200–2
Gandhara Buddhas 191–3, 195–6, 197
Gandhi, Mahatma 307
Ganges river 232, 233, 290, 292–4, 296–8, 325
Gansu province 164, 166
Gaochang 93, 94–100, 105, 110, 114, 150, 172, 332
King of, see Qu Wentai
Gaozong, Emperor 430–2, 437, 438, 440
Gaya, Bihar 279
Genghis Khan 150, 205, 221
Gobi Desert 87, 89, 91, 94, 132, 150
Gosringa Mountain 355–6, 360
Great Khan 107, 157, 169, 171–6, 185, 440
Great Wall of China 85, 150, 201, 368
Greeks 193–4, 196, 200
Grousset, Rene ´ 132
Guazhou, see Anxi
Guljan (interpreter) 157, 164–5, 167–70
Hadda, Afghanistan 189, 190
Han Chinese 118, 120, 131, 140, 165
Han dynasty 76, 84, 85
Handan, China 31, 143, 341
Hanuman, monkey god 297
Harbin 31
Harsha, King 324–7, 331, 332, 440
Heavenly Mountains 11, 147–50, 156, 159, 160, 162, 166, 171, 176, 181, 271
Henan Province 12
Himalayas 212, 217
Hinayana Buddhism 127, 128
Hindu art 220–1
Hindu Kush 331
Hinduism 222–4, 242, 246, 263, 265, 290, 292–4, 296, 307, 310, 315–19
horses 80–1, 92, 120–1, 125, 171
Hua (painter) 376–80, 382, 384
Hui Li 422, 423
see also Life of Xuanzang
Huineng 310
Huns 76, 131, 182
India 49, 77, 174, 194, 211–13, 222, 383
British 101, 224, 226, 237–8, 306
Buddhism in 16, 211–12, 221–8, 251, 270, 278, 284, 306–12, 315–16, 318–19, 379
caste system 229, 262–3, 277–80, 282–3, 306–10
constitution 300, 307
corruption in 215–16
movies 213
relations with China 212–13, 216–17, 235–6, 253–4
reputation of Xuanzang in 10, 220, 222, 228, 247, 253–4,
284
revolutionary groups 279–80, 283
tea trade 237
violence in 229–30, 239, 264, 278–80, 309, 313
Xuanzang in 232–5, 240–1, 243–7, 252, 259, 261
Indus river 322, 331
Iran 154
Islam 167–8, 175, 191, 197, 292, 335
Chinese 165–6
crusaders 355, 357–61
fundamentalist 140, 151, 153–4, 156, 184, 188
in Western Region 92, 99
women in 198–9
Islamabad 182
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) 152–3, 154, 155, 168
Islamic Renaissance Party (Tajikistan) 154
Issyk-Kul, Lake 157, 162–3
jade 340–1
Jade Flower Monastery 437
Jade Gate 71, 82, 83–6
Japan 56, 70, 196, 419, 442
Jayasena 247
Jia (guide) 123–6, 129–30
Jiang Qing 420
Jiang Xiaowan 369, 370–1
Jiuzong Mountains 428
John (host in Bishkek) 151–5, 168, 169
Kabul 187, 189–90, 203, 206
Kalidasa 322
Kalinga, see Orissa
Kamakshi Temple, Kanchipuram 317, 318
Kanauj, India 324
Kanchipuram, South India 314–15, 317
Kanishka, King 201–2, 206
Kapilavastu 260, 361
Karakul, Kyrgyzstan 156, 157–9
Karamov, President of Uzbekistan 154
Kashgar, Muhammad 359
Kashgar, Xinjiang 162, 357, 360
Kashmir 123, 243
Kasyapa Matanga 211
Kathiawar Peninsula 322
Kazakhstan 166
Keay, John: India Discovered 227
Keewar (Pashtun bodyguard) 184–7, 190–1, 198–200, 203
Khotan 332–4, 335–49, 352–3, 417
King of 332–4, 338, 342, 353, 357–9, 378
Muslim crusade against 355, 357–61
silk-making 341–7
Khwoja, Maheb 356–7, 360
Khyber Pass 185, 186–7
King Milinder’s Questions 194–5
Kizil Caves 122–7, 129–30, 132, 133, 135, 140, 381
Kizil Research Institute 122, 123
Kohmari Mazar, see Gosringa Mountain
Korea 17, 196, 410, 419
Korean War 67, 282
Korla, Xinjiang 113, 117, 136, 334
Kucha (Qiuzi), Xinjiang 98, 102, 113, 117–35, 147, 150, 189, 441
caves 122–30, 132–4, 196, 303
King and Queen of 124–5, 147
