by Trevor Royle
20. Scotsman, 23 January 1944.
21. NAS HH 16/253/1–2 Criminal case file: Douglas Cuthbert Colquhoun Young.
22. Marr, Battle for Scotland, p. 93.
23. Sir John Martin, Downing Street: The War Years, London: Bloomsbury, 1991, p. 42.
24. Johnston, Memories, p. 146.
25. Ibid., p. 148.
26. NAS HH 50/166, Scottish Council on Post-War Problems, Minutes of the first meeting of the Scottish Council on Post-War Problems, 29 September 1941.
27. Ibid.
28. Johnston, Memories, p. 150.
29. Report of the Committee on Hydro-electric Development in Scotland, London: HMSO, 1942.
30. Johnston, Memories, p. 150.
31. Robert Rhodes James, Bob Boothby: A Portrait, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1991, p. 311.
32. NA CAB 124/680 Discussions on the future of economic controls, August–September 1944.
33. NAS HH50/170, Fifth Meeting of the Scottish Council on Post-War Problems, 1942.
34. David Newlands, ‘The Regional Economies of Scotland’, Devine, Lee and Peden (eds), The Transformation of Scotland, pp. 165–9.
35. NAS HH 50/168, Third meeting of the Scottish Council on Post-war Problems, 8 December 1941.
36. Slaven, Development of the West of Scotland, p. 210.
37. Murray, Agriculture, pp. 170–71.
38. Ibid., Appendix Table XIII, Changes in Net Income Per Farm by Type of Farming Groups in England and Wales and in Scotland 1940–1 to 1944–5, p. 383.
39. Report of the Royal Commission on the Housing of the Industrial Population of Scotland, Rural and Urban, Edinburgh: HMSO, 1917, para 1052.
40. Johnston, Memories, p. 152.
41. Summary Report of the Department of Health for Scotland for 1945, Cmd. 6661, London: HMSO, 1945, p. 15.
42. Titmuss, Problems of Social Policy, p. 496.
43. NAS HH 50/ Report of the Committee on Scottish Health Services.
44. Ibid., p. 472.
45. NA CAB 65/41 War Cabinet and Cabinet: Minutes (WM and CM Series), 15 February 1944.
46. Johnston, Memories, p. 164.
47. Harvie, No Gods and Precious Few Heroes, p. 103.
48. NA CAB 87/72 War Cabinet and Cabinet: Committees on Reconstruction, Supply and other matters: Minutes and Papers (RP, SLAO and other Series).
6 Total War
1. ‘The Great Destruction’ by a Clydesider, Clydebank Press, 25 April 1941.
2. There are detailed accounts of the raids in Macleod, River of Fire and Jeffrey, This Time of Crisis, pp. 49–81.
3. Taylor, Luftwaffe over Scotland, pp. 68–9.
4. NAS HH 50/1 Department of Health for Scotland, The Clydebank Air Raids of March 13–15 1941, A note on the department’s activities, April 1941.
5. NAS HH 50/2 Office of the Regional Commissioner – Scotland Region, Raids on Clydeside 13th/14th and 14th/15th March 1941.
6. Ibid., Office of the Regional Commissioner – Scotland Region, Raids on Clydeside 13th/14th and 14th/15th March 1941.
7. NAS HH 50/3 Raids on Clydeside Area, Dept of Health, Further reports bringing situation to date, 18 March 1941.
8. NAS HH 50/2 Department of Health for Scotland, Blitz of Clydeside – appreciation from a medical point of view by Chief Medical Officer, 29 April 1941.
9. NAS HH 50/2 Office of the Regional Commissioner – Scotland Region, Raids on Clydeside 13th/14th and 14th/15th March 1941.
10. Ibid.
11. NAS HH 50/2 Scottish Office, Home Intelligence, Clydebank Raid, 9 April 1941.
12. NAS HH 50/3 Air raids on Scotland, Preliminary situation report as at 08.00 hours, 8th April.
13. Blitz map of Greenock, McLean Museum and Galleries, Inverclyde Council.
14. Ibid., Blitz map.
15. NAS HH 50/103, Office of the Regional Commissioner – Scotland Region, Raids on Clydeside 5th/6th and 6th/7th May 1941.
16. NAS HH 50/165 Narrative of raid on Aberdeen and District 21/22 April 1943.
17. NAS HH 50/160–65 Heavy explosive and incendiary missiles dropped in Scotland 1939–45.
18. NA CAB 102/419 Battle of the United Kingdom Ports, C. B. A. Behrens.
19. NA INF 1/292, Home Intelligence Weekly Reports, 26 March–2 April 1941.
20. United States Strategic Bombing Survey. Over-All Report (European War), Washington: Government Printing Office, 1945.
21. NA WO 166/16335 2 H.Q. Military Port Cairnryan, January–December 1944.
22. NA ADM 234/369, Naval Staff History – Second World War, No. 22 Arctic Convoys 1941–5.
23. J. K. Annand, McDougall, Voices from War, p. 186.
24. Annand, ‘Atlantic Convoy’, Selected Poems, p. 9.
25. Fergusson, Black Watch and the King’s Enemies, p. 69.
26. NA WO 169/348 War Office: British Forces, Middle East: War Diaries, Second World War, 2nd Queen’s Own Cameron Highlanders.
27. Stockman, Seaforth Highlanders, pp. 93–4.
28. Lieutenant-Colonel R. W. Jackson and Captain J. S. Purvis, ‘Memories of the Arakan, 1943’, The Thistle, April 1946.
29. Allen, Longest War, pp. 114–16.
30. Gunning, Borderers in Battle, p. 63.
31. Ibid., pp. 220–21.
32. Trevor Royle, The King’s Own Scottish Borderers: A Concise History, Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2009, p. 189.
7 The Arsenal of War
1. NA ADM 1/9549 Preparation for War (Military) (46): Naval Command in the North Sea, English Channel and Western Approaches: organisation in event of war.
2. Lavery, Shield of Empire, p. 386.
3. NA WO 166/17949, War Office: Home Forces: War Diaries, Second World War, Scottish Command.
4. P. J. G. Ransom, Iron Road: The Railway in Scotland, Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2007, p. 171.
5. Gordon Donaldson, Northwards by Sea, Edinburgh: Paul Harris Publishing, 1978, pp. 46–7.
6. Palmer, Roy (ed.), What a Lovely War: British Soldiers’ Songs from the Boer War to the Present Day, London: Michael Joseph, 1990, pp. 147–50.
7. Fortress Orkney Project: The Orkney Blast, Orkney Museums and Heritage, Scapa Flow Visitor Centre & Museum, 2009.
8. Lavery, Shield of Empire, pp. 318–320.
9. Ibid., pp. 311–14.
10. Mackenzie, Secret History of SOE, p. 69.
11. In 2005 the National War Museum of Scotland mounted the groundbreaking exhibition Commando Country, and this was followed by Stuart Allan’s important history with the same title.
12. The full story is told in David Howarth, The Shetland Bus, London: Thomas Nelson, 1951. Howarth, a British naval officer, was second-in-command at the headquarters at Lunna House.
13. Mackenzie, Secret History of SOE, p. 651.
14. Ibid., pp. 654–7.
15. Allan, Commando Country, p. 168.
16. NA WO 188/2783 Gruinard Island following contamination by anthrax: annual inspections; correspondence.
17. McBain, Regiment at War, p. 229.
18. NA HS 2/221, Special Operations Executive: Group C, Scandinavia: Registered Files, Top level planning activities: Operation Apostle.
19. NA WO 219/310 Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force: Military Headquarters Papers, Second World War, Operation Fortitude, cover plan for Overlord.
20. Wilmot, Struggle for Europe, p. 200.
21. NA CAB 106/1122, A Short History of the Deception or ‘Cover’ Plan for the Normandy Campaign in 1944, Colonel Roderick Macleod.
22. NA DEFE 28/49 Wingate Report, vol. II, Extract from Interrogation of General Jodl in 1946 on Norway.
23. Peebles, Warshipbuilding on the Clyde, p. 73 and p. 139.
24. Ibid., p. 140.
25. Johnston, Ships for a Nation, p. 219.
26. Slaven, Development of the West of Scotland, p. 211.
27. Ibid., p. 215.
28. J. G. Bullen, ‘Aluminium: Scotland’s Major Part in the Light Metal Age’, C. A. Oakley (ed.), Scottish Industry, Glasgow: The Scottish
Council (Development and Industry), 1953, pp. 163–9.
29. Table 3, Ministry of Fuel and Power Statistical Digest, Cmd. 6920, London: HMSO, 1945.
30. Slaven, Development of the West of Scotland, p. 210.
31. The Economist, 19 July 1941; Court, Coal, p. 109.
32. Keeping the Home Fires Burning, The Bevin Boys: The Forgotten Men of the Home Front, Newtongrange: Scottish Mining Museum, 2009, p. 6.
33. Court, Coal, p. 390.
34. Hansard, House of Commons Debate, 7 February 1940, vol. 357 cc 188.
35. Inman, Labour in the Munitions Industries, p. 44.
36. Postan, British War Production, Appendix 4.
37. Postan, Hay and Scott, Design and Development of Weapons, pp. 6–9.
38. Kohan, Works and Buildings, p. 377.
39. Evening Times (Glasgow), 3 September 2010.
40. Report by a Court of Inquiry Concerning a Dispute at an Engineering Undertaking in Scotland, Cmnd. 6474, 1943, Appendix V.
41. New Propeller, December 1943.
42. Professor Mary Davies, The Labour Movement and the Second World War, Centre for Trade Union Studies, London Metropolitan University, TUC Library Collections, London Metropolitan University.
43. David Newlands, ‘The Regional Economies of Scotland’, Devine, Lee and Peden, eds, Transformation of Scotland, pp. 168–74.
44. Lenman, Economic History of Scotland, p. 237.
8 Home Front
1. NAS HH 50/137 Celebration of the Termination of Organised Hostilities in Europe (VE Day), Arrangements.
2. NAS HH 50/104, Survey of sending and receiving areas, circulars etc.
3. NAS BR/LNE/8/370 Files of General Manager (Scottish Area) on the undernoted subjects: Evacuation of civilian population – Edinburgh, Glasgow and Dundee Areas.
4. NAS HH 50/104, Evacuation Papers, DHS Circular 34/1939, 9 October 1939.
5. NAS HH 50/114 General publicity: consideration and drafting of press articles, including extract articles in “Dundee Courier” and “Sunday Post” criticising the evacuation scheme.
6. Titmuss, Problems of Social Policy, p. 180.
7. Alastair Dunnett, Among Friends: An Autobiography, London: Century, 1984, p. 110.
8. Leader in the Lancet, 7 October 1939, ii, p. 794.
9. NLS Acc 5540, Box 23, James Kennaway, treatment for ‘Flowers’, pp. 29–31.
10. Jenkins, Guests of War, pp. 11–12.
11. Ibid., p. 285.
12. Titmuss, Problems of Social Policy, p. 172.
13. Hansard, House of Commons Debate, 14 September 1939, vol. 351 cc 802–66.
14. Ibid.
15. Titmuss, Problems of Social Policy, p. 172.
16. Hansard, House of Commons Debate, 27 March 1945, vol. 409, cc 1324.
17. Titmuss, Problems of Social Policy, p. 179.
18. NAS RH 4/202 Papers relating to Anglo-German relations and the landing of Rudolph Hess, Hitler’s deputy, in Scotland on 10 May 1941.
19. Hammond, Food, p. 287.
20. NA MAF 45 Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food: Information and Publicity Correspondence and Papers.
21. Letter, Inverness Courier, 11 January 1940.
22. Blairgowrie Conservation Area Appraisal, Perth and Kinross Council, 2005, p. 12.
23. NAS AF/59 Agriculture Labour, Safety and Wages Files.
24. Interview with Anna Searson (née Murray). Edwards, Scotland’s Land Girls, pp. 117–18.
25. Interview with Laura Bauld, ibid., 112–14.
26. ‘Land Girls and Lumber Jill’ exhibition, National Museums of Scotland, 2010–11, http://www.nms.ac.uk/our_museums/war_museum/land_girls_and_lumber_jills.aspx.
27. Hansard, House of Commons Debate, 25 July 2006, cc 843 Bevin Boys.
28. Joe Hicks and Graeme Allen, A Century of Change: Trends in UK Statistics since 1900, IX, Energy Production and Mining Employment, House of Commons Research Paper 99/III, 21 December 1999, p. 19.
29. Keeping the Home Fires Burning, The Bevin Boys: The Forgotten Men of the Home Front, Newtongrange: Scottish Mining Museum, 2009, p. 24.
30. Gardiner, Blitz, p. 367.
31. NAS CO /102, Association of County Councils, Venereal Disease, Treatment, 1942.
32. Barbara Thompson, ‘Social Study of Illegitimate Pregnancies’, British Journal of Social Medicine, 1956, vol. 10, pp. 75–87.
33. For a fuller discussion see John Costello, Love, Sex and War: Changing Values, 1939–45. William Collins, London, 1985.
34. Duncan, ‘Consanguinity’, Perfect Mistress, pp. 12–13.
35. Marshall, The Black Oxen, p. 263.
36. Douglas Gifford, ‘Literature and World War Two’, Ian Brown and Alan Riach, eds, The Edinburgh Companion to Twentieth Century Scottish Literature, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009.
37. Eric Linklater, Fanfare for a Tin Hat, London, p. 316.
38. Soutar, Diaries, p. 205.
39. Scotsman, 16 May 1941.
40. Christine Lindey, ‘Resonance And Renewal: Stanley Spencer’, Morning Star, 12 November 2010.
41. Andrew Murray Scott, Modern Dundee: Life in the City since World War Two, Derby: Beedon Books, 2002, pp. 23–4.
42. Interview with Petrina (Ina) Lithgow (née Seaton). Edwards, Scotland’s Land Girls, p. 142.
9 Sikorski’s (and other) Tourists
1. Letter from Robert Blair Wilkie to Alan Bold, Bold, MacDiarmid, p. 445.
2. Michael Donnelly, obituary of Robert Blair Wilkie, the Herald, 8 December 1998.
3. MacDiarmid, The Company I’ve Kept, pp. 187–8.
4. Neal Ascherson, ‘Phantoms that haunt the people return’, Observer, 11 April 2010.
5. Interview with Wladyslaw Fila, Trevor Royle, ‘General Sikorski’s Tourists’, BBC Scotland, 10 October 1988.
6. Kennedy, Robert M., The German Campaign in Poland, 1939, Zenger: Washington DC, 1978.
7. NA CAB 66/11/238, Organisation of Allied Naval, Army and Air Contingents. Report by the Chiefs of Staff Committee, 4 September 1940.
8. Henderson, Lion and the Eagle, p. 9.
9. ‘The Poles in Scotland 1940–1950’, Peter D. Strachura (ed.), The Poles in Britain 1940–2000: From Betrayal to Assimilation, London: Taylor & Francis, 2004, p. 49.
10. Interview with Wladyslaw Maronski, Royle, ‘General Sikorski’s Tourists’.
11. Interview with Wiktor Tomaszewski, Royle, ‘General Sikorski’s Tourists’.
12. Lipka, James (ed.), Section 1 Regional Distribution of Poles in Scotland, Part 1: 1871–1931, Polish Residents in Scotland: A Statistical Sourcebook based on the Census of Scotland 1861–2001, website http://www.angelfire.com/jazz/ntstar/scotpolesintro.htm.
13. Census of Scotland: Preliminary Report of the Fourteenth Census of Scotland, Part II, General Summary, (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1931), pp. v–vii.
14. ‘Celebrating the Links between Scotland and Poland’, Scotland Now Archive, http://www.friendsofscotland.gov.uk/scotlandnow.
15. D. M. Henderson, The Poles and Scotland, The Scots at War Trust website, http://www.scotsatwar.org.uk/AZ/poles&scotland.htm p. 4.
16. Joseph Garlinski, Poland in the Second World War, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1985, p. 156.
17. Interview with Josef Mirczynski, Royle, ‘General Sikorsky’s Tourists’.
18. Polish School of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1942, p. 149.
19. Carswell, For Your Freedom and Ours, p. 20.
20. M. Lisiewicz, J. Baykowski, J. Glebocki, R. Gluski, and Dr W. Czerwinski, eds, Destiny Can Wait: The Polish Air Force in the Second World War, London: Heinemann, 1948, pp. 203–5.
21. Interview with Leslaw Miedzybrodzki, Henderson (ed.), Lion and the Eagle, p. 85.
22. Interview with Wladyslaw Fila, Royle, ‘General Sikorski’s Tourists’.
23. Armed Forces Agreement, Texts Composing the Arrangements between His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom and the Royal
Norwegian Government in Respect of the Norwegian Forces in the United Kingdom, Appendices I, II and III, 28 May 1941.
24. The dog’s story is told in Whitson and Orr, Sea Dog Bamse.
25. Mark C. Jones, ‘Experiment at Dundee: The Royal Navy’s 9th Submarine Flotilla and Multinational Naval Cooperation during World War II’, The Journal of Military History, 72 (October 2008): pp. 1179–212.
26. US Army Troop Build-Up in the United Kingdom, January 1941 to May 1944, Reynolds, Rich Relations, pp. 103.
27. WW2 People’s War: An Archive of World War Two Memories, Written by the public, gathered by the BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar.
28. US Troop Distribution in the UK by County, 31 October 1944, Reynolds, Rich Relations, pp. 396–7.
29. Omar N. Bradley, with Chester Hansen, A Soldier’s Life, New York, 1951, pp. 170–71.
30. Population Estimates by Ethnic Group, Census April 2001, Office for National Statistics, 2001.
31. Morris J. Macgregor Jnr, Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940–1965 Washington DC: 1981, pp. 3–7.
32. NA FO 954/298, Private Office Papers of Sir Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1 September 1942.
33. NA CO 537/1224, ‘Colour Discrimination in the United Kingdom,’, Proposed Legislation, May 1946.
34. NA CO 876/43, British Honduras Forestry Unit – Health and Welfare, 1942–3.
35. NA CO 876/41, British Honduras Forestry Unit – Health and Welfare, 1941–2.
36. NA CO 876/41, Duke of Buccleuch to Harold Macmillan, 30 September 1942.
37. Serving Britain During Wartime: A Positive or Negative Experience? The Case of the British Honduran Forestry Unit, London: Imperial War Museum, 2008, p. 5.
38. Ibid., p. 6.
39. Martin Hennessey, Independent, 20 February 1995.
40. Roger J. G. Thomas. Twentieth-Century Military Recording Project: Prisoner of War Camps 1939–1945, Project Report, Swindon: English Heritage, 2003, pp. 18–53.
41. David Marshall, ‘Scottish Agriculture during the War’, Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, 58 (1946), pp. 37–47.
42. NAS HH 50/17 Emergency Hospital Scheme Weekly Rates, 7 April 1945.
43. Couples who overcome prejudice: Rudi and Anna Drabner, Daily Telegraph, 15 May 2009.
