14. E. R. Kisis, “Pis’mo v muzei,” 3–4, in AMDNN, “Kisis” file.
15. M. V. Mikhailova, interview with author, December 3, 1997.
16. S. V. Obolenskaia (Osinskaia), interview with author, March 26, 1998; R. M. Poloz, interview with author, June 28, 1998; T. I. Smilga, interview with author, January 19, 1998; G. B. Ivanova, interview with author, March 13, 1998; N. P. Kerzhentseva, interview with author, January 12, 1998; N. A. Iur’eva interview with author, August 21, 1998; M. V. Mikhailova, interview with author, December 3, 1997; G. S. Ronina, interview with author, October 1, 1997; L. N. Shaburov, interview with author, September 25, 1997; S. A. Khalatova, interview with author, September 6, 1998; E. B. Levina, interview with author, September 27, 1998; M. V. Mikhailova, interview with author, December 3, 1997; I. R. Muklevich, interview with author, November 7, 1997; Z. A. Khatskevich, interview with author, September 4, 1998; V. B. Volina, interview with author, September 18, 1997; I. A. Gaister, interview with author, September 30, 1997; V. E. Iusim, interview with author, December 5, 1998; V. D. Shvarts, interview with author, December 10, 1998; M. A. Tsiurupa, interview with author, January 8, 1998.
17. O. N. Podvoiskaia, interview with author, February 27, 1998; Peterson, “O nas,” ll. 22; S. V. Obolenskaia (Osinskaia), interview with author, March 26, 1998; R. M. Poloz, interview with author, June 28, 1998; T. I. Smilga, interview with author, January 19, 1998; M. V. Mikhailova, interview with author, December 3, 1997.
18. Z. M. Tuchina, interview with author, September 8, 1998.
19. L. A. Kozlova (Bogacheva), interview with author, September 24, 1997.
20. Peterson, “O nas,” ll. 22–23; Z. M. Tuchina, interview with author, September 8, 1998; Z. A. Khatskevich, interview with author, September 4, 1998; T. M. Rybakova (Belen’kaia), interview with author, October 1, 1997; M. V. Mikhailova, interview with author, December 3, 1997; Kira Allilueva, Plemiannitsa Stalina (Moscow: Vagrius, 2006), 84; K. P. Politkovskaia (Allilueva), interview with author, April 1, 1998.
21. N. A. Gilinskaia, interview with author, March 2, 1998; E. I. Gruzinova (Kraval’), interview with author, January 16, 1998.
22. RGASPI, f. 559, op. 1, d. 142, ll. 8, 13, 29–30.
23. GARF, f. 9542, op. 1, d. 30, ll. 2–3; I. R. Muklevich, interview with author, November 7, 1997; V. B. Volina, interview with author, September 18, 1997; M. P. Korshunov, interview with author, November 11, 1997; L. N. Shaburov, interview with author, September 25, 1997; L. P. Postyshev, interview with author, October 1, 1998; T. V. Ignatashvili (Shuniakova), interview with author, April 22, 1998; M. A. Tsiurupa, interview with author, January 8, 1998; M. V. Mikhailova, interview with author, December 3, 1997; K. P. Politkovskaia (Allilueva), interview with author, April 1, 1998; V. N. Rabichev, interview with author, April 14, 1998; Allilueva, Plemiannitsa Stalina, 85; M. N. Kul’man, “Pis’mo v muzei,” 11, in AMDNN, “Mikhailov” file; GARF, f. 9542, op. 7, d. 90, l. 39.
24. Kul’man, “Pis’mo v muzei,” 11.
25. N. S. Khrushchev, Vremia, liudi, vlast’ (vospominaniia) (Moscow: Moskovskie novosti, 1999), 1:81; Nataliia Sats, Zhizn’—iavlenie polosatoe (Moscow: Novosti, 1991), 260, 263, 270–71.
26. Sats, Zhizn’, 270–71.
27. Khrushchev, Vremia, liudi, vlast’ (vospominaniia), 1:81; Artem Sergeev and Ekaterina Glushik, Kak zhil, rabotal i vospityval detei I. V. Stalin: Svidetel’stva ochevidtsa (Moscow: Forum, 2011), 44–45; R. M. Poloz, interview with author, June 28, 1998; T. M. Rybakova (Belen’kaia), interview with author, October 1, 1997; Tat’iana Rybakova, Schastlivaia ty, Tania (Moscow: Vagrius, 2005), 14; I. A. Gaister, interview with author, September 30, 1997; S. A. Butenko, interview with author, September 24, 1998; E. I. Gruzinova (Kraval’), interview with author, January 16, 1998; V. A. Ozerskii, interview with author, June 26, 1999; V. N. Rabichev, interview with author, April 14, 1998; Gronskii, Iz proshlogo, 135–36.
28. N. Beliaev, in Mikhail Kol’tsov, kakim on byl: Sbornik vospominanii (Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel’, 1989), 193; S. V. Obolensksia, Iz vospominanii, “Samizdat,” http://samlib.ru/o/obolenskaja_s_w/01.shtml; M. A. Usievich, interview with author, January 30, 1998.
29. N. Gordon (née Prokof’eva), in Mikhail Kol’tsov, kakim on byl, 384–85.
30. Sof’ia Vinogradskaia, in Mikhail Kol’tsov, kakim on byl, 136; Sats, Zhizn’, 260, 265; E. B. Levina, interview with author, September 27, 1998; Ol’ga Aroseva, Bez grima, 22; M. A. Lozovskaia, interview with author, March 4, 1998; Lidiia Shatunovskaia, Zhizn’v Kremle (New York: Chalidze, 1982), 21–22.
31. I. A. Gaister, interview with author, September 30, 1997; I. R. Muklevich, interview with author, November 7, 1997; T. I. Smilga, interview with author, January 19, 1998; M. A. Usievich, interview with author, January 30, 1998.
32. L. Gronskaia, Nabroski po pamiati (Moscow: Flinta, 2004), 68; M. V. Mikhailova, interview with author, December 3, 1997; Z. A. Khatskevich, interview with author, September 4, 1998; V. A. Ozerskii, interview with author, June 26, 1999; Peterson, “O nas,” ll. 14–15.
33. K. P. Politkovskaia (Allilueva), interview with author, April 1, 1998; Allilueva, Plemiannitsa Stalina, 84, 137–38.
34. Allilueva, Plemiannitsa Stalina, 138.
35. Ibid., 133–35.
36. Kisis, “Pis’mo v muzei,” 8; T. I. Smilga, interview with author, January 19, 1998; I. K. Gronsky, interview with author, October 9, 1998; Allilueva, Plemiannitsa Stalina, 137.
37. S. A. Butenko, interview with author, September 24, 1998.
38. Nataliia Sats, Put’ k sebe: O mame Natalii Sats, liubvi, iskaniiakh, teatre (Moscow: Voskresen’e, 1998), 7–9.
39. M. M. Iakovenko, Agnessa: Ustnye rasskazy Agnessy Ivanovny Mironovoi-Korol’, Memorial: Istoricheskie programmy, “Nasha zhizn’ s Miroshei,” http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa. This passage is not included in the English version.
40. Ibid.
41. Agnessa Mironova-Korol’, Agnessa: From Paradise to Purgatory: A Voice from Stalin’s Russia, trans. Rose Glickman (Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2012), 64–65 (translation modified); Iakovenko, Agnessa, http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa.
42. Mironova, Agnessa: From Paradise to Purgatory, 74 (translation modified); Iakovenko, Agnessa, http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa.
15. THE DAYS OFF
1. Eviatar Zerubavel, The Seven Day Circle: The History and Meaning of the Week (New York: Free Press, 1985), 35–41; Larin, Zhilishche i byt, 4–5.
2. Zerubavel, Seven Day Circle, 41–43.
3. Unless otherwise noted, descriptions of life in the House are based on interviews with residents.
4. N. P. Kerzhentseva, interview with author, January 12, 1998.
5. Iudit Agracheva, “Chlen partii s 1903 goda,” Vesti-2 (Israel), June 1, 1995, 10; I. R. Muklevich, “Dorogoi drug,” manuscript in AMDNN, “Muklevich” file; N. P. Kerzhentseva, interview with author, January 12, 1998; L. A. Kozlova (Bogacheva), interview with author, September 24, 1997.
6. Maria Osten, Gubert v strane chudes (Moscow: Zhurgaz, 1935), 115–16. See also Teatral’naia Moskva, sezon 1935 (Moscow: Izdanie UTZP Narkomprosa RSFSR, 1935), 264.
7. Osten, Gubert v strane chudes, 4; V. B. Volina, interview with author, September 18, 1997; Teatral’naia Moskva, sezon 1935, 263–64. See also Katharina Kucher, Der Gorki-Park: Freizeitkultur im Stalinismus 1928–1941 (Cologne: Böhlau, 2007), esp. 109–13.
8. Olga Aroseva, Prozhivshaia dvazhdy (Moscow: AST, 2012), RoyalLib.com, http://royallib.com/book/aroseva_olga/progivshaya_dvagdi.html.
9. Aroseva, Prozhivshaia dvazhdy, chap. 4, http://royallib.com/book/aroseva_olga/progivshaya_dvagdi.html; V. D. Shvarts, interview with author, December 10, 1998; S. V. Obolenskaia (Osinskaia), interview with author, March 26, 1998.
10. Aroseva, Prozhivshaia dvazhdy, chap. 4, http://royallib.com/book/aroseva_olga/progivshaya_dvagdi.html. VOKS is the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties with Foreign Countries.
11. S. V. Obolenskaia (Osinskaia) interview, 26 March, 1998.
12. S. V. Obol
ensksia, Iz vospominanii, “Samizdat,” http://samlib.ru/o/obolenskaja_s_w/01.shtml. In fact, “WOT LARX” are words from Pip’s letter to Joe.
13. N. P. Kerzhentseva, interview with author, January 12, 1998; Aroseva, Prozhivshaia dvazhdy, May 29, 1935, http://royallib.com/book/aroseva_olga/progivshaya_dvagdi.html; N. A. Yur’eva, interview with author, August 21, 1998.
14. Charles Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, Free Library, http://dickens.thefreelibrary.com/Our-Mutual-Friend/1–5.
15. N. A. Gilinskaia, interview with author, March 2, 1998; V. D. Shvarts, interview with author, December 10, 1998; Aleksei Tepliakov, Oprichniki Stalina (Moscow: Iauza, 2009), 216.
16. Agnessa Mironova-Korol’, Agnessa: From Paradise to Purgatory: A Voice from Stalin’s Russia, trans. Rose Glickman (Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2012), 68–70 (translation modified); M. M. Iakovenko, Agnessa: Ustnye rasskazy Agnessy Ivanovny Mironovoi-Korol’, Memorial: Istoricheskie programmy, “Nasha zhizn’ s Miroshei,” http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa.
17. Mironova, Agnessa: From Paradise to Purgatory, 76–77 (translation modified); Iakovenko, Agnessa, http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa.
18. E. R. Kisis, “Pis’mo v muzei,” 10, in AMDNN, “Kisis” file; V. D. Shvarts, interview with author, December 10, 1998; I. A. Gaister, interview with author, September 30, 1997; Inna Shikheeva-Gaister, Deti vragov naroda: Semeinaia khronika vremen kul’ta lichnosti 1925–1953 (Moscow: Vozvrashchenie, 2012), 34–35.
19. Aroseva, Prozhivshaia dvazhdy, October 24, 1934, http://royallib.com/book/aroseva_olga/progivshaya_dvagdi.html.
20. Ivo Banac, ed., The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), xliii, 9–23 (the quotation is from 23); Sophie Coeuré and Rachem Mazuy, eds., Cousu de fil rouge: Voyages des intellectuels français en Union Soviétique (Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2012), 181–82, 250–54, 316–17; Henri Barbusse, Staline, une monde nouveau vu à travers un homme (Paris: Flammarion, 1935).
21. Aroseva, Prozhivshaia dvazhdy, March 10, 1937, http://royallib.com/book/aroseva_olga/progivshaya_dvagdi.html.
22. Vospominaniia sovremennikov ob A. S. Serafimoviche (Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel-, 1977), 116–17; L. Gronskaia, Nabroski po pamiati (Moscow: Flinta, 2004), 45.
23. Gronskaia, Nabroski po pamiati, 49–50.
24. L. V. Maksimenkov, ed., Bol’shaia tsenzura: Pisateli i zhurnalisty v Strane Sovetov, 1917–1956 (Moscow: Fond “Demokratiia”, 2005), 292–93.
25. Ibid.
26. Gronskaia, Nabroski po pamiati, 56–57. See also A. Konovalov, “Vinovnym sebia ne priznal,” Leninskoe znamia, July 10, 1988.
27. Maksimenkov, ed., Bol’shaia tsenzura, 292; S. A. Khalatova, interview with author, September 6, 1998; Richard F. Staar, “The Polish Communist Party, 1918–1948,” Polish Review 1, nos. 2/3 (1956): 43; I. R. Muklevich, interview with author, November 7, 1997; T. I. Smilga, interview with author, January 19, 1998.
28. Shikheeva-Gaister, Deti vragov naroda, 34; Mironova, Agnessa: From Paradise to Purgatory, 59–60 (translation modified); Iakovenko, Agnessa, http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa.
29. E. Dushechkina, “Tri veka russkoi elki,” Nauka i zhizn’ 12 (2007) and 1 (2008): http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/12362/; http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/12680; Elena Dushechkina, “Legenda o cheloveke, podarivshem elku sovetskim detiam,” Otechestvennye zapiski 1 (2003): http://magazines.russ.ru/oz/2003/1/2003_01_28.html; N. S. Khrushchev, Vremia, liudi, vlast’ (vospominaniia) (Moscow: Moskovskie novosti, 1999), 1:119–20. At that time, Stanislav Kosior was the first secretary of the Ukrainian Central Committee; Postyshev was the second secretary and head of the Kiev Party Committee; and A. P. Liubchenko, the chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of Ukraine.
30. Pravda, December 28, 1935; L. P. Postyshev, “Ob ottse,” in Pavel Postyshev: Vospominaniia, vystupleniia, pis’ma (Moscow: Politizdat, 1987), 304–5; Dushechkina, “Legenda,” http://magazines.russ.ru/oz/2003/1/2003_01_28.html. On Soviet holidays, see Karen Petrone, Life Has Become More Joyous, Comrades: Celebrations in the Time of Stalin (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000).
31. M. R. Peterson, “O nas,” ll. 25–26, in AMDNN, “Peterson” file.
32. Z. M. Tuchina, interview with author, September 8, 1998; G. B. Ivanova, interview with author, March 13, 1998. See also Petrone, Life Has Become More Joyous, Comrades, 85–109.
33. Nataliia Sats, Zhizn’—iavlenie polosatoe (Moscow: Novosti, 1991), 266.
34. Ibid., 243–50; Miron Petrovskii, Knigi nashego detstva (St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Ivana Limbakha, 2006), 217–324 (the reference to Hubert is on 318); E. D. Tolstaia, “Buratino i podteksty Alekseia Tolstogo,” Izvestiia AN, seriia literatury i iazyka 56, no. 2 (1997): 28–39; A. N. Gozenpud, Tsentral’nyi detskii teatr, 1936–1961 (Moscow: Nauka, 1967), 34–44.
35. Sats, Zhizn’, 270.
36. RGASPI, f. 559, op. 1, d. 132, ll. 119–119 ob.
37. TsAODM, f. 75, op. 1, d. 72, l. 76; GARF, f. 9542, op. 1, d. 25, ll. 39, 43–44.
38. GARF, f. 9542, op. 1, d. 26, ll. 28–33; E. E. Ivchenko, interview with author, September 23, 1998.
39. Osten, Gubert v strane chudes, 118.
40. RGASPI, f. 559, op. 1, d. 132, ll. 118–118 ob.
41. L. Podvoiskii, “Krasnoe solnyshko sem’i—mama,” Sem’ia i shkola 3 (1965): 10.
42. S. V. Obolenskaia (Osinskaia), interview with author, March 26, 1998; Z. M. Tuchina, interview with author, September 8, 1998.
43. N. A. Perli-Rykova, interview with author, February 12, 1998; G. B. Ivanova, interview with author, March 13, 1998.
44. Kira Allilueva, Plemiannitsa Stalina (Moscow: Vagrius, 2006), 145–46.
45. Vladimir Alliluev, Khronika odnoi sem’i (Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 2002), 84.
46. S. V. Obolenskaia (Osinskaia), interview with author, March 26, 1998; O. A. Aroseva, interview with author, January 15, 1998; E. I. Gruzinova (Kraval’), interview with author, January 16, 1998; N. A. Perli-Rykova, interview with author, February 12, 1998; I. R. Muklevich, interview with author, November 7, 1997; I. R. Muklevich, “Dorogoi drug,” l. 58, manuscript in AMDNN, “Muklevich” file; N. P. Kerzhentseva, interview with author, January 12, 1998; G. B. Ivanova, interview with author, March 13, 1998; V. B. Volina, interview with author, September 18, 1997; T. I. Smilga, interview with author, January 19, 1998; Samuil Moroz, “Chlen kollegii VChK,” l. 6, manuscript in AMDNN, “Moroz” file; N. Stepanov, Podvoiskii (Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 1989), 11–23.
47. M. V. Mikhailova, interview with author, December 3, 1997; T. I. Smilga, interview with author, January 19, 1998; I. A. Gaister, interview with author, September 30, 1997; E. B. Levina, interview with author, September 27, 1998; S. V. Obolenskaia (Osinskaia), interview with author, March 26, 1998; Obolenskaia, Iz vospominanii, http://zhurnal.lib.ru/o/obolenskaja_s_w/01.shtml; G. B. Ivanova, interview with author, March 13, 1998; Peterson, “O nas,” l. 25; Moroz, “Chlen kollegii,” l. 6; Aroseva, Prozhivshaia dvazhdy, chap. 4, http://royallib.com/book/aroseva_olga/progivshaya_dvagdi.html; O. A. Aroseva, interview with author, January 15, 1998; V. B. Volina, interview with author, September 18, 1997; O. N. Podvoiskaia, interview with author, February 27, 1998; V. D. Shvarts, interview with author, December 10, 1998.
16. THE HOUSES OF REST
1. GARF, f. 9542, op. 7, d. 34, ll. 65–75 (the quotation is from l. 75).
2. GARF, f. 9542, op. 1, d. 16, ll. 30–38; op. 7, d. 34, ll. 65–75; f. 3316, op. 28, d. 1033, ll. 1–2, 17–18; GARF, f. R-5283, op. 1, d. 283, ll. 197–98; Olga Aroseva, Prozhivshaia dvazhdy (Moscow: AST, 2012), May 18, 1935, RoyalLib.com, http://royallib.com/book/aroseva_olga/progivshaya_dvagdi.html.
3. RGASPI, f. 559, op. 1, d. 141, l. 66; L. Gronskaia, Nabroski po pamiati (Moscow: Flinta, 2004), 53; L. A. Kozlova (Bogacheva), interview with author, September 24, 1997; L. P. Postyshev, interview with author, October 1, 1998; M. P. Korshunov, interview with author, November 11, 1997; E. I. Gruzinova (Kraval’), interview with author, January 16, 1998; V. D. Shv
arts, interview with author, December 10, 1998; V. N. Rabichev, interview with author, April 14, 1998; GARF, f. 9542, op. 1, d. 75, l. 2; Mikhail Korshunov and Victoria Terekhova, Tainy i legendy Doma na naberezhnoi (Moscow: Slovo, 2002), 107–8.
4. GARF, f. 9542, op. 1, d. 17, ll. 96–96ob.
5. Ibid., ll. 98–98 ob.
6. Anatoly Granovsky, I Was an NKVD Agent (New York: Devin-Adair, 1962), 18.
7. GARF, f. 3316, op. 43, d. 1194, ll. 2–4; GARF, f. 9542, op. 1, d. 19, ll. 71–72ob.
8. GARF, f. 9542, op. 1, d. 19, ll. 83–84.
9. Agnessa Mironova-Korol’, Agnessa: From Paradise to Purgatory: A Voice from Stalin’s Russia, trans. Rose Glickman (Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 2012), 64 (translation modified); M. M. Iakovenko, Agnessa: Ustnye rasskazy Agnessy Ivanovny Mironovoi-Korol’, Memorial: Istoricheskie programmy, “Nasha zhizn’ s Miroshei,” http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa.
10. I. A. Gaister, interview with author, September 30, 1997; I. R. Muklevich, interview with author, November 7, 1997.
11. V. D. Shvarts, interview with author, September 10, 1998; RGASPI, f. 559, op. 1, d. 141, ll. 55 ob., 19, 33; ARAN, razriad 5, op. 1-0, d. 11, ll. 41–42, 51–52ob., 57–58ob., 74–75ob.
12. N. A. Perli-Rykova, interview with author, February 12, 1998.
13. Mironova, Agnessa: From Paradise to Purgatory, 65–66 (translation modified); Iakovenko, Agnessa, http://www.memo.ru/history/agnessa; N. V. Petrov and K. V. Skorkin, eds., Kto rukovodil NKVD 1934–1941: Spravochnik (Moscow: Zven’ia, 1999), 99–100; “Petrovskii, Daniil Ivanovich,” Spravochnik po istorii Kommunisticheskoi partii i Sovetskogo soiuza 1898–1991, http://www.knowbysight.info/PPP/04888.asp.
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