Alawate, Sidi, 167–68
Alayaman. See Zuwa Alayaman
Albarn, Damon, 243
Aldrich, Robert, 365n
Alexandria, 39, 101, 343
Algeria, 7, 78, 201, 349n, 366n
jihadists from, 19, 146
Ali, ruler of Ludamar, 63
Ali Kulun, Sunni, 215, 288–89, 345
Alpha, Sane Chirfi, 80, 81, 124, 152, 236, 244, 248–49, 330, 335, 348n, 359n, 360n, 364n
Alps, 227
Amazon River and basin, 33, 130, 275
American Foreign Policy Council, 353n
American War of Independence, 22
Amnesty International, 139, 356n
Amsterdam, 231, 232
Andalusia, 132, 135, 192, 350n
Anderson, Alexander, 74
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, 17, 315
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 7, 18, 317
Angola, 130, 132
Annuaire de la Société Archéologique de Constantine, 218
Ansar Dine, 79–82, 117, 121, 125, 189, 243, 249
international intervention against, 186–87
Islamification program of, 114–15
mausoleums destroyed by, 182–83
sharia law enforced by, 143
Aqit, Muhammad, 219
descendants of, 288, 297, 313. See also Ahmad Baba
Arabic language, 2, 46, 55, 74, 76, 77, 101, 118, 148, 213, 240, 313
Barth’s fluency in, 166
grammar of, 292, 356n, 363n
manuscripts in, 6, 14–15, 69, 140, 170, 200, 206, 326–27, 348n. See also specific titles
Old Testament books translated into, 84
tombstone inscriptions in, 317
transliteration of, 346–47n
Arabic Medieval Inscriptions from the Republic of Mali (Farias), 317, 346n
Arabic TV, 305
Arabs, 93, 96, 189, 280, 351n, 354n, 355n
Arawan, 95, 96, 98, 99, 214, 354n
Arawani, Shaykh Muhammad Mahmud al-, 182
Archinard, Louis, 265, 272, 366n
Arguin (island), 73, 100
Aristotle, 129
Ashanti, 90
askiyas, 212, 216, 274, 293, 294, 311, 318, 362n. See also specific names
Associated Press, 306, 353n
Athenæum, The (magazine), 130, 161, 360n
Australia, 23, 27
Autos-da-fé, 251, 282–83
Azawad, 19, 47, 150, 170, 187, 189, 245, 312
Aztecs, 274–76
Babani, Shaykh, 91–93, 96, 354n
Baghayogho, Muhammad, 115, 222–23, 299
Baghdad, 292
Baker, Samuel, 217, 262, 365n
Bakkai, Shaykh (Sidi) Ahmad al-, 165, 167, 168, 169, 174, 176, 183, 227, 312, 354n, 360n, 366n
Barth’s meeting, 169–70
as collector of texts, 170
house, in ruins, 267–68
as politician, 171–73
as protector of Barth, 172–73
as teacher, 171
Bakri, Abu Ubayd al-, 132–34, 216, 358n
Balkans, 227
Bamako, 85, 118, 123–24, 150, 153, 155, 180, 191–93, 229–50, 353n, 358n
and concerns about jihadist extremism in Timbuktu, 185–86, 251, 282–83, 361n, 364n
coup d’état (March 2012), 11–12, 19, 45, 48
Dutch and German embassies in, 243, 246, 250, 364–65n
evacuation of manuscripts from Timbuktu to, 123–24, 139–43, 157, 190–91, 193–94, 197–98, 201–5, 229–43, 246–48, 257, 308–10, 322–24, 328, 331–32, 336–38, 364n, 368n, 370n
during French military intervention, 245–46, 301, 305
looting in, 123–24
Park in, 68–69, 74
terrorist attack in (November 2015), 333
University, 140
Bambara, 45, 47, 62, 64–66, 144
Bambara Maounde (Mali), 195, 245
Bambuk (Mali), 175
Bamiyan (Afghanistan) Buddhas, 231
Banda, Hastings, 351n
Bani River, 102, 153, 254
Banks, Joseph, 21–26, 33, 41, 63, 72, 260, 349n, 353n
death of, 76, 87
explorers recruited by, 37–38, 59–60
Barabish (Bérabiche) Arabs, 96
Barbados, 90
Barbary, 32, 36, 107, 160
Barrera, Bernard, 301–3, 305, 368n
Barrett, Ward, 350n
Barros, João de, 132
Barth, Heinrich, 159–78, 224–28, 259, 276, 318, 350n, 355n, 360n, 362n, 363n
Barbary/Middle East expedition of, 160–61
British antagonism toward, 224–27, 363n
German reception of, 224–26, 227–28, 261, 365n
manuscripts discovered by, 165–66, 211–12, 216–17, 312, 343, 362n
Muslim disguise of, 165, 167–68
at Niger River, 166–67
return to Britain of, 217–18
on Richardson’s expedition, 161–65
in Timbuktu, 168–76, 183, 272, 355n
youth and education of, 160
Barth, Johann and Charlotte, 160
Bastos (tourist guide), 56, 145–46, 148, 281–82, 357n
Bathurst, Lord (Henry), 90
BBC, 49, 305
Beaufort, Francis, 355n
Beaufoy, Henry, 24–26, 36–38, 41, 61, 71–72
Bedouins, 160–61
Belgium, 260, 263, 365n
Bella (ethnic group), 45
Bello, Muhammad, 166
Belmokhtar, Mokhtar, 78, 189, 361n
Belzoni, Giovanni Battista, 355n
Ben Abayd Ben Rachal El Barbuchy, Hamed (Ahmadu Labeida), 96
Ben Barka, Lalla Aicha, 358n
Ben Essayouti, Abderrahmane, 149, 184, 244, 357n
Ben Essayouti, El-Boukhari, 330
Ben Essayouti, Sidi Muhammad al-Imam, 285–86
Ben Said, Aboubacrine, 337
Bengal, 25
Benin, Bight of, 28, 34
Benoist, Edmond, 272, 343, 366n
Benowm (Ludamar), 63
Ber (Mali), 46
Berbers, 62, 134, 362n
Berlin, 224, 225, 227, 247–48, 261, 263, 267, 365n
University, 160
Bernatz, Johann Martin, 360n
Béticos (Spain), 31
Bibliothèque Ahmad Baba Aboul Abbass, 370n
Bibliothèque Alimam Alpha Salum, 335
Bibliothèque Moulaye, 370n
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 265, 272, 350n
Bibliothèque Zawiyat al-Kunti, 336, 370n
Bin Laden, Osama, 19, 78
Biographical dictionaries, 212, 217–18, 270, 291, 292, 312
Birmingham (England), 24
University of, 325–26, 369n
Bismarck, Otto von, 263
Blackwood’s Magazine, 365n
Blair, David, 366n
Blanchard, Ian, 350n
Blemmyes, 29, 33
Blincoe, Jenny, 352n
Boahen, A. Adu, 365n
Bocoum, Hamady, 115, 356n
Boiteux, Henri, 265–66
Boko Haram, 187
Bokova, Irina, 114, 141, 181, 246, 356n, 360–61n
Bondarev, Dmitry, 356n, 371n
Bondu, king of, 101
Bonnel de Mézières, Albert, 285–86, 355n
Bonnier, Eugène, 265–66
Bono, 243
Book of Common Prayer, The, 69
Book and manuscript burning, 251, 282–83
Book of the Routes and Realms (al-Bakri), 132
Book of Wonders (Hami
d), 269
Borgu (Nigeria), 216
Borneo, 263
Boswell, James, 21–22
Botany Bay, 23
Bouamama, Sanda Ould, 80, 150, 182, 353n, 361n
Bounty (ship), 23
Bourguignon d’Anville, Jean-Baptiste, 131
Bovill, E. W., 85, 346n, 347n, 353n, 354n
Bowdich, Thomas Edward, 355n
Brazil, 130, 263, 317–18
Bridges, R. C., 358n
Bristol (England), 24
Britain, 39, 66–67, 74, 76, 78, 89, 195, 227–28, 262
Board of Agriculture of, 23
Board of Longitude of, 23
Colonial Office of, 1, 3. See also War and Colonial Office of below
colonialism of, 73, 97, 170, 273
consuls and consulates of, in Africa, 2, 4–6, 90–91, 95, 97, 163–64, 177, 225
explorers of Africa from, 36–41, 59, 62, 76, 159, 161–64, 177, 350–51n, 352–53n, 354–55n. See also Laing, Alexander Gordon; Park, Mungo
Foreign Office of, 163, 167, 177, 224, 225, 227
French rivalry with, 107–9, 355n
international trade of, 24–25, 36, 61, 72, 162, 170
military expeditions of, 100–101
National Archives of, 1–2, 347n
War and Colonial Office of, 73, 90, 96, 108
See also specific cities
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 161–62
British Library, 360n
British Museum, 23
Brosselard-Faidherbe, Henri, 267
Brouwer, Maarten, 252, 257, 331–32, 365n
Browne, William George, 355n
Bruce, James, 23, 35, 350n
Buktou (Tuareg woman), 98
Bungola (freedman), 95, 97, 99
Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig, 76
Burhan al-din ibn Farhun, 362n
Burkina Faso, 118
Burning of books and manuscripts, 251, 282–83
Burton, Richard Francis, 38, 217, 263
Cádiz, 36
Caillié, René, 89, 99–108, 110, 132, 160, 167, 267, 305, 354–55n
British antagonism toward, 107–8
disasters of first expedition of, 100–101
Muslim disguise of, 101–3, 107, 165
in Timbuktu, 103–6, 111, 173, 175, 264, 268, 272, 276, 342, 354–55n, 368n
Cairo, 30, 37–42, 134, 218, 269, 292
Callimachi, Rukmini, 361n
Cambridge University, 111, 114
Campbell, John, 355n
Canada, 39
Cape Blanco, 100
Cape Town, 23, 348n
University of, 114, 231, 246, 316, 321, 348n, 356n, 370n
Carthage, 261, 343
Casablanca, 179, 182
Catalan Atlas, 30, 350n, 362n
Catherine the Great, 37, 180
Cavendish, Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, 67, 352n
Center for the Recommendation of Propriety and the Prevention of Evil, 233
Centre de Documentation et de Recherches Ahmad Baba (CEDRAB). See Ahmad Baba institute
Chabane, Abdoulaye (“Air Mali”), 83–84, 152, 183, 185, 278–79, 303–4, 347n, 367n
Chad, 349n
Chad, Lake, 87, 162, 165, 273
Chamberlain, M. E., 348n
Chambers, Neil, 349n
Champeaux, Nicolas, 361n
Chatwin, Bruce, 8, 26–27, 342, 347n
Chebir, Sidi Abdallahi, 106
Cherbonneau, Auguste, 218, 259, 362n
Chicago Tribune, 32, 317
China, 27
Christians, European, 5–6, 29, 30, 62, 67, 69, 90, 169, 172, 355n
antagonism between Muslims and, 33–34, 63–64, 75, 82, 168, 294
colonialist, 262
conversion to Islam of, 293
disguised as Muslims, 76, 91, 101, 102, 107, 165, 167–68
evangelical, 161
Chukwuma, Innocent, 368n
Cissé, Abdoulaye, 117, 126, 204, 279, 281–83, 307–8, 357n, 367n, 370n
Cissé, Halle Ousmane, 47–48, 149, 151, 305–6, 321, 330, 351n, 357n, 369n
Cissé, Mohamed, 115–17, 357n
Cissoko, Sékéné Mody, 350n
Clapperton, Hugh, 160, 166, 170, 354n, 355n
Clarendon, Lord (George Villiers), 217
Colonialism and colonization, 15, 19, 113, 262–67, 286, 312, 316, 325, 365n
British–French competition, 73, 89, 96–97, 227, 272–74
Dutch, 60
Spanish, 29
Colophons of manuscripts, 291
Columbus, Christopher, 274
Congo Free State, 260, 263
Conrad, Joseph, 259–60, 365n
Cook, James, 22, 23, 35–37
Cooley, William Desborough, 129–33, 136–37, 160, 226, 357–58n, 363n
Córdoba, 156, 218
Cory, Stephen, 367n
Côte d’Ivoire, 7, 49, 118, 240. See also Ivory Coast
Coupland, Reginald, 262
Court of St. James’s, 36
Crawford, Alex, 306
Cresques, Abraham, 30, 350n
Crichton, Robert, 8
Crisis Committee (Timbuktu), 149–50, 185, 236, 279–80, 304, 359n, 366n
Crowe, G. W., 163, 360n
Culture, Ministry of (Mali), 191
Curtin, Philip D., 351n
D Intl, 143, 230, 251, 253
Dahomey, 264
Dakar, 267
Damango, Gaston, 48, 49, 352n
Damascus, 269
Daniel, Serge, 356n, 361n
Dark Ages, 276
Dartmouth College, 36, 351n
Dawud, Askiya, 291, 293
Day of Desolation, 296, 367n
Dead Sea Scrolls, 7, 314
Debo, Lake, 254–57, 334
Dédéou, Mohammed (“Hamou”), 146, 358n
Defoe, Daniel, 2
Delafosse, Maurice, 286–88, 343, 346n, 367n
Delta Force, 45, 54
Demarin, John Peter, 350n
Demba (slave), 61, 63, 64
Denham, Dixon, 354n, 355n
Dépêche, La, 357n
Description of Africa (Leo Africanus), 31, 350n
D’Ghies, Hassuna, 96, 97, 99, 108–10
Diagayeté, Mohamed, 44, 51, 53, 118–19, 361n
Diagne, Souleymane Bachir, 354n
Diakité, Drissa, 204–5, 361n
Diakité, Stephanie, 143–44, 239, 254–56, 326, 334, 369–70n, 370–71n
and evacuation of manuscripts organized by Haidara, 229–32, 234, 363n
fund-raising campaigns of, 235, 246–52, 256, 322–23, 364–65n, 369n
Diallo, N’Diage Ramatoulaye, 325, 369n
Diallo, Tiémoko, 363–64n
Diarra, Admana, 363–64n
Diarra, Cheick Modibo, 358n
Diarra, Mansong, 62
Diawara, Gaoussou, 366–67n
Dibaj al-mudhahhab (Burhan al-din ibn Farhun), 362n
Dicko, Almadou, 43
Dicko, Hassan, 359n
Dicko, Mohamed Gallah, 45
Dictionaries, 212, 217–18, 270, 291, 292, 312
Diouara, Cheikh, 179–80, 182, 185–86, 277–78, 359n, 366n
Diseases, in Africa, 33–35, 74–76, 89, 93, 129, 167, 228. See also Malaria
Diwan al-muluk fi salatin al-sudan, 270, 312
Djian, Jean-Michel, 321–22, 369n
Dodd, Miranda, 359n
DOEN Foundation, 250, 253, 257
Dogon, 45
Domesday Book, 1
Dorugu (freedman), 217
Douentza (Mali),
49, 56, 195, 234, 240, 241, 245, 277
Douville, Jean-Baptiste, 130, 358n
Dreazen, Yochi, 364n
Droukdel, Abdelmalek, 187–89, 361n
Dubai, 17, 206
Dubois, Félix, 266–74, 276, 285–87, 312, 342, 366n
Duke University, 326
Dutch East Indies, 60
Dyer, Edwin, 78
East India Company (British), 25
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 183
Edinburgh Review, The, 130, 226
Edwards, Bryan, 72, 352n
Egypt, 39–41, 72, 94, 160, 215, 219, 269, 292, 349n
ancient, 28, 213, 261, 267, 342–43
See also Alexandria; Cairo
Endeavour (ship), 23, 349n
Energie du Mali, 80
Engels, Friedrich, 160
England, 18, 170, 293. See also Britain; specific cities
English language, 12, 69, 71, 144, 286, 306, 313
translations into, 32, 312, 317, 354n, 360n
Enlightenment, 260
Equiano, Olaudah, 24
Essakane (Mali), 243–45, 364n
Ethiopia, 23, 35, 350n
Étoile, L’, 96, 354n
Eton, 22
Falmouth (England), 71
Fankooma (schoolmaster), 69–71
Farias, Paulo Fernando de Moraes, 317–20, 325, 344, 346n, 369n
Fattash. See Tarikh al-fattash
Fatassi (Kati), 270–71, 285–86. See also Tarikh al-fattash
Fatoumi, Amadi, 74–75
Fazazi, Abd al-Rahman al-, 156
Fessy, Thomas, 305, 368n
Festival in the Desert, 243
Fez, 30, 134, 215, 269
Fezzan, 40, 76, 162, 163, 215, 225
Figaro, Le, 267, 271
Fletcher, Pascal, 356n
Fondo Kati library, 49, 85, 115, 120, 123, 141, 192, 317, 327, 331, 335, 356n, 370n
Force Publique, 260
Ford Foundation, 17, 124, 231–32, 237, 257, 306–7, 309, 315, 357n, 368n
Foreign Quarterly Review, The, 358n
Formosa, 263
Forster, George, 25
Fowler, Robert, 353n
France, 59, 78, 86, 88, 130, 131, 186–87, 227, 261
British rivalry with, 107–9, 355n
colonialism of, 15, 73, 89, 172, 227, 263–67, 273, 286, 312, 365n
consuls and consulates in Africa, 96–99, 107–10
explorers of Africa from, 285–86, 354–55n. See also Caillié, René
Jefferson in, 37, 39–41, 351n
military intervention against jihadists by, 186–87, 245, 250–51, 254–56, 278–79, 301–7, 333, 366n, 368n
Orientalists in, 218, 319, 269, 346n, 366n
See also Paris; Société de Géographie
Franco-Arab schools, 13, 53, 147
Franklin, Benjamin, 22
French Foreign Legion, 303
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