by Judy Yung
Chinese Hospital Medical Staff Archives, 1978-81. Chinese Hospital, San Francisco.
The Chinese Women's Association Fifth Anniversary Special Issue. New York: Chinese Women's Association, 1937. Microfilm, New York Public Library.
Chinese Young People's Christian Conference. Proceedings and minutes, 1938-47. Him Mark Lai private collection.
Chinese YWCA files (correspondence, board minutes, staff reports, photographs), 1916-45. Chinese YWCA, San Francisco; and Philip P. Choy private collection.
Chung, Margaret. Private papers, scrapbooks, photographs. Asian American Studies Library, University of California, Berkeley.
International Institute of San Francisco files (scrapbooks, board minutes, staff reports, case files), 1918-50. International Institute, San Francisco.
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) collection. Labor Archives and Research Center, San Francisco State University.
Jan, Flora Belle. Letters to Ludmelia Holstein, 1918-5o. In possession of daughter (name withheld by request).
Lee, Jane Kwong. "A Chinese American." Unpublished autobiography (in my possession).
Lee, Sue Ko. Scrapbook of clippings, leaflets, and photographs (in my possession).
Methodist Mission Home (Gum Moon Women's Residence) case files, 1903-34. Gum Moon Women's Residence, San Francisco.
Schulze, Tye Leung. "Tiny." Louise Schulze Lee private collection.
Square and Circle Club files (scrapbooks, minutes of meetings, photographs), 1924-46. Square and Circle Club, San Francisco.
Survey of Race Relations collection (oral histories and research papers), 1923-25. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University.
U.S. District Intelligence Office, Twelfth Naval District, Commandant's Office. "Chinese Situation in the San Francisco Bay Area," 1945. General Correspondence, folder A8-5. National Archives, San Bruno, Calif.
Women's Occidental Board of Foreign Missions. Annual Reports, 1874-1920. San Francisco Theological Seminary, San Anselmo, Calif.
Oral Histories
Chin Yen. "Life History as a Social Document of Mr. Chin Yen." Survey of Race Relations Collection, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University.
Chinn, Daisy Wong. Interview with Genny Lim, July 29, 1982, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Chung, Rena Jung. Interview with author, June 30, 1994.
Eng, Marietta Chong. Interview with Genny Lim, September 13, 1982, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Fong, Emily Lee. Interview with Him Mark Lai and Gilbert Woo, March i, 1975, Him Mark Lai private collection; interview with Carey Mark Huang, April 12, 198z, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Fun, Alice Sue. Interview with author, February z8, 1982.
Fung, May Kew. Interview with Jeffrey Ow, March z5, 199o, Jeffrey Ow private collection.
Gee, Maggie. Interview with author, February z5, 1990.
Gee, May Lew. Interview with author, June 25, 1994.
Gin, Gladys Ng. Interview with author, November 4, 1988.
Hing, Bertha. Interview with Kirk Fong and Valerie Fong, March, 1991, Kirk Fong private collection.
How, Lorena. Interview with Sandy Lee, May 1, 1982, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Huey, Penny Chan. Interview with author, November z1, 1988.
Hung, Bessie. Interview with author, June 30, 1989.
Jan, Flora Belle. "Interview with Flora Belle Jan, Daughter of Proprietor of the `Yet Far Low' Chop Suey Restaurant, Tulare St. and China Alley, Fresno." Survey of Race Relations Collection, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University.
Jang, Ruth Chan. Interview with author, July 8, 1994•
Jeong, Bessie. Interview with Suellen Cheng and Munson Kwok, December 17, 1981, Southern California Chinese American Oral History Project, Chinese Historical Society of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Jew Law Ying. Interview with author, September 7, 1982, and January 14, 1987.
Jong, Frances. Interview with author, February 1z, 1990.
Kwan, Florence Chinn. Interview with author, October 7 and iz, 1988.
Lee, Clara. Interview with author, October z, November 4, 1986; and July 31, 1989.
Lee, Ira. Interview with author, November 1, 1989.
Lee, Jane Kwong. Interview with author, October 2z and November z, 1988.
Lee, Lim P. Interview with author, October 311, 11989.
Lee, Louise Schulze. Interview with author, November 7, -1988. Lee, Lucy. Interview with author, May 17, 1982.
Lee, Mickey Fong. Interview with Ernest Charm, February 23, 1982, Ernest Chann private collection; interview with author, November 1, 1989.
Lee, Mrs. Choy. Interview with Him Mark Lai and Helen Lai, March 2, 1975, Him Mark Lai private collection.
Lee, Stanley. Interview with author, July z6, 1985.
Lee, Sue Ko. Interview with author, October z6, 119
Loo, Florence Lee. Interview with June Quan, January 6, 1982, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Law Shee Low. Interview with author, October zo, 1988; interview with Sandy Lee, May z, 1982, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Lowe, Eva. Interview with Genny Lim, July 15, 1982, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Lowe, Pany. "Social Document of Pany Lowe." Survey of Race Relations Collection, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University.
Matyas, Jennie. "Jennie Matyas and the ILGWU." Oral history conducted 1955 by Connie Gilb, Regional Cultural History Project, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1957.
Mock, May. Interview with author, July 17, 1993
Onyett, Helen Pon. Interview with author, January 9, 1983.
Ow, Rose Yuen. Interview with Philip P. Choy and Him Mark Lai, September 9, 197o, Him Mark Lai private collection.
Owyang, Edwin. Interview with author, September -1o, 1987.
Quan, Lonnie. Interview with Genny Lim, August 10, 1982, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Schulze, Fred. Interview with author, January 26, 1989.
Sexton, Charlotte. Interview with author, August 17, 1982.
Taam, Martha. Interview with author, November z7, 1989.
Wong, Dora Lee. Interview with author, October 5, 1982.
Wong, Esther. "Native-born Chinese." Survey of Race Relations Collection, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University.
"Story of a Chinese College Girl (The Conflict Between the Old and the Young)." Survey of Race Relations Collection, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University.
Wong, Helen Hong. Interview with author, June 17, 11982.
Wong Shee Chan. Interview with author, March 5, 1982.
Wong Wee Ying. Interview with author, May 7, 1982.
Woo, Margaret. Interview with author, February 24, 1983.
King Yoak Won Wu. Interview with Genny Lim, October 27, 1982, Chinese Women of America Research Project, Chinese Culture Foundation of San Francisco.
Yip, Jessie Lee. Interview with author, November z, 1989.
Yu, Alice Fong. Interview with author, March 31, 1986; interview with Gordon Chang, November it, 1986, and June z9, 1987, Gordon Chang private collection.
Newspapers and Journals
California Chinese Press, 1940-45
Chung Sai Yat Po, 1900-45-
Chinese Christian Student, 1929-45
Chinese Digest, 1935-40.
Chinese Students' Monthly, 1906-31.
Chinese Times, 1928-45.
Fore 'n Aft, 1942-46.
Mariner, 1943-
45.
San Francisco Call, 1883-1913.
San Francisco Chronicle, 1869-1945.
San Francisco Examiner, 1881-1945.
Women and Mission, 1924-46.
Government Documents
Act of September zz, 1922, 42 United States Statutes at Large, 1oz1.
Anderson, H. Dewey. "Who Are on Relief in California?" Miscellaneous Publications. San Francisco: California State Relief Administration, 1939.
Bryant, David. Summary Report: Civil Works Administrative Statistics, State of California, November 27, 1933, to March 29, 1934. San Francisco: Civil Works Administration, 11934•
California State Emergency Relief Administration (CSERA). "Survey of Social Work Needs of the Chinese Population of San Francisco, California." 1935.
Case of the Chinese Wife, z1 Federal Reporter 785 (1884).
Chinese Immigration: The Social, Moral, and Political Effect of Chinese Immigration. Testimony Taken Before a Committee of the Senate of the State of California, Appointed April 3d, 1876. Sacramento: State Printing Office, 1876.
Community Chest of San Francisco. "Survey of Social Work Needs of the Chinese Population of San Francisco." 1930.
"Condition of the Chinese Quarter." San Francisco Municipal Reports for the Fiscal Year 1884-85, Ending June 30, 1885. San Francisco: Board of Supervisors, r885.
Geiger, J. C., et al. The Health of the Chinese in an American City: San Francisco. San Francisco: Department of Public Health, 1939.
In reAhQuan, z1 Federal Reporter 181 (1884).
In re Chung Toy Ho and Wong Choy Sin, 4z Federal Reporter 398 (18go).
Royal Mui Tsai Commission. Mui Tsai in Hong Kong and Malaya. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1937.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930.
Final Report on Total and Partial Unemployment for California, 1938.
Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920 Population.
Seventeenth Census of the United States. Census of the Population: 1950.
Sixteenth Census of the United States. Population: 1940.
Thirteenth Census of the United States. Population: 1910.
Twelfth Census of the United States. Population: r9oo.
U.S. House. Admission of Wives of American Citizens of Oriental Ancestry: Hearings Before the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization on H.R. 6544. 69th Cong., 1st Bess., 1916.
U.S. National Archives. Record Group z9. "Census of U.S. Population" (manuscript), San Francisco, California, 1900, 1910, and 19zo.
U.S. Senate. Admission as Nonquota Immigrants of Certain Alien Wives and Children of United States Citizens: Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Immigration on S. 2271. loth Cong., 1st sess., 1928.
United States P. Gue Lim. 88 Federal Reporter 136 (1897).
Secondary Sources
Anderson, Karen. Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relationships, and the Status of Women During World War II. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981.
Anker, Laura. "Family, Work, and Community: Southern and Eastern European Immigrant Women Speak from the Connecticut Federal Writers' Project." In Gendered Domains: Rethinking Public and Private in Women's History, edited by Dorothy O. Helly and Susan M. Reverby, pp. 303-z1. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 199z.
Anzaldua, Gloria, ed. Making Face, Making Soul, Haciendo Caras: Creative and Critical Perspectives by Women of Color. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Foundation, 199o.
Aptheker, Bettina. Tapestries of Life: Women's Work, Women's Consciousness, and the Meaning of Daily Experience. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1989.
Woman's Legacy: Essays on Race, Sex, and Class in American History. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982.
Archer, Jules. The Chinese and the Americans. New York: Hawthorne Books, 1976.
Archibald, Katherine. Wartime Shipyard. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1947.
Arnold, Julean. "California-educated Chinese Rebuild Canton." Chinese Christian Student, May-June 1934, pp. 8-9, 34.
Ashbury, Herbert. The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underground. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1933•
Atherton, Gertrude. My San Francisco. Indianapolis, N.Y.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1946.
Barnhart, Jacqueline Baker. The Fair but Frail: Prostitution in San Francisco, 1849-1900. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1986.
Barth, Gunther. Bitter Strength: A History of the Chinese in the United States, 1850-1870. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964.
Beahan, Charlotte L. "The Women's Movement and Nationalism in Late Ch'ing China." Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1976.
Beckwith, Holmes. "The Chinese Family, with Special Relation to Industry." Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1909.
Benard de Russailh, Albert. Last Adventure, San Francisco in 1851. San Francisco: Westgate, 1931.
Blackwelder, Julia Kirk. Women of the Depression: Caste and Culture in San Antonio, 1929-1939. College Station, Tex.: A & M University Press, T984.
Blair, Karen J. The Clubswoman as Feminist: True Womanhood Redefined, r868-1914. New York: Holmes & Meier, r98o.
Blauner, Robert. Racial Oppression in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.
Bock, Norman. "Chameleon Cloaks, Flying Tigers, and Missionary Ladies: The Oral History and Political Economy of Baltimore Chinatown and the China Relief Movement, 1937-41." B.A. thesis, Harvard College, 1976.
Bode, William. Lights and Shadows of Chinatown. San Francisco: Crocker Co., 1896.
Bodnar, John. The Transplanted: A History of Immigration in Urban America. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.
Brace, Charles Loring. The New West; or, California in 1867-1868. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1869.
Broussard, Albert S. Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900-1954. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993.
Brownstone, David M., Irene M. Franck, and Douglass L. Brownstone. Island of Hope, Island of Tears. New York: Penguin Books, 1986.
Burchell, R. A. The San Francisco Irish, 1848-1880. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979.
Butler, Anne. Daughters of Joy, Sisters of Misery: Prostitution in the American West, 1865-90. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985.
Cahn, Lcni. "Community Interpretation of Foreign Groups Through Foreign War Relief Agencies in San Francisco." Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1946.
Cameron, Donaldina. "New Lives for Old in Chinatown." Missionary Review of the World 57 (July-August 1934): 327-31.
"Orientals in the United States." Women and Mission 9, no. io (January 1935): 340-41.
. "Salvaged for Service." Women and Mission 4, no. 5 (August 1927): 168-70.
. "The Story of Wong So." Women and Mission z, no. 5 (August 1925): 169-72.
Campbell, D'Ann. Women at War With America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 11984•
Lather, Helen Virginia. "The History of San Francisco's Chinatown." Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1932.
Chafe, William H. The American Woman: Her Changing Social, Economic, and Political Roles, 1920-1970. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
Chan, Sucheng. Asian Americans: An Interpretive History. Boston: Twayne, 1991.
. "Chinese American Entrepreneur: The California Career of Chin Lung." Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1987, pp. 73-86.
"European and Asian Immigration into the United States in Comparative Perspective, 18zos to 19zos." In Immigration Reconsidered: History, Sociology, and Politics, edited by Virginia Yans-McLaughlin, pp. 37-75. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
. "The Exclusion of Chinese Women, 1870-1943." In Entry Denied: Exclusion and the Chinese Community in America, 1882-1943, edited by Sucheng Chan, pp. 94-1146. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991.
This Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California, 1860-1910. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Pr
ess, 1986.
Char, Tin-Yuke. The Sandalwood Mountains: Readings and Stories of the Early Chinese in Hawaii. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 11975.
Chen, Helen. "Chinese Immigration into the United States: An Analysis of Changes in Immigration Policies." Ph.D. diss., Brandeis University, 1980.
Chen, Wen-Hsien. "Chinese Under Both Exclusion and Immigration Laws." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1940.
Chen Yueh. Madame Chiang Kai-shek's Trip Through the United States and Canada. San Francisco: Chinese Nationalist Daily, 1943.
Chesneaux, Jean, Francoise Le Barbier, and Marie-Claire Bergere. China from the 1911 Revolution to Liberation. Translated by Paul Auster and Lydia Davis. New York: Pantheon Books, 1977.
Chesneaux, Jean, Marianne Bastid, and Marie-Claire Bergere. China from the Opium Wars to the 1911 Revolution. Translated by Anne Destenay. New York: Pantheon Books, 1976.
Chew, Caroline. "Development of Chinese Family Life in America." Master's thesis, Mills College, 1926.
Chih, Ginger. "Immigration of Chinese Women to the U.S.A." Master's thesis, Sarah Lawrence College, 1977.
Chinatown Declared a Nuisance! (San Francisco). Pamphlet written and distributed by an investigative committee of the Anti-Chinese Council, W.P.C. Haggin Museum, Stockton, Calif. March 10, 188o.
Chinn, Florence Worley. "Religious Education in the Chinese Community of San Francisco." Master's thesis, University of Chicago, 192o.
Chinn, Ruth Fong. "Square and Circle Club of San Francisco: A Chinese Women's Culture." Senior thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1987.
Chinn, Thomas W. Bridging the Pacific: San Francisco's Chinatown and Its People. San Francisco: Chinese Historical Society of America, 1989.
ed. A History of the Chinese in California: A Syllabus. San Francisco: Chinese Historical Society of America, 1969.
Chow, Christopher, and Russell Leong. "A Pioneer Chinatown Teacher: An Interview with Alice Fong Yu." Amerasia journal 5, no. I (1978): 77.
Choy, Katie. "Alice Fong Yu: Remembrances of a Chinese Pioneer." Prism i r, no. z (December 1974): 5-8.
Choy, Philip P. "San Francisco's Chinatown Architecture." Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1ggo, pp. 37-66.
Chu, Janie. "The Oriental Girl in the Occident." Women and Mission 3, no. 5 (August 1926): 174-75.
