Chapter 3: The Poison Kitchen
p. 37. “the Poison Kitchen.” See, for instance, the front page of the Völkischer Beobachter, the official Nazi Party newspaper, on the morning of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch, November 9, 1923. Beneath a headline that read DESTRUCTION OF THE MUNICH POST, the lead sentence proclaimed, “The Poison Kitchen at Altheimereck was destroyed.”
p. 38. “The eternal poisoners of the world.” See H. R. Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler, 3d ed. [1962] (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992). Trevor-Roper prefers the phrase “universal poisoners of all nations,” while Waite, in Psychopathic God, uses “poisoners of all peoples.” When the Geli Raubal story broke, Hitler raged against “poisonous details” in the Munich Post.
p. 38. “An argument can be made.” Lucy S. Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews: 1933–1945 (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975), pp. 142–46.
p. 39. “This poison-pen polemic.” “Adolf Hitler-Verrater,” Munich Post, August 8, 1921.
p. 40. “HITLER GEGEN DIE MÜNCHENER POST.” Munich Post, December 7, 1921, p. 5.
p. 41. “ON HIS BELLY AGAIN!” Munich Post, November 9, 1932.
p. 41. “he could not look at a paper . . .” Frank, In Angesicht des Galgens (In the shadow of the gallows) (Munich: Alfred Beck Verlag, 1953), p. 97.
p. 42. “the exposé of ‘Cell G.’” See “The Tsechka in the Brown House,” Munich Post, April 8, 12, and 19, 1932.
p. 42. “They even glimpsed.” “The Jews in the Third Reich,” Munich Post, December 9, 1931 (trans. by Alexander Stengel, revised by author).
p. 43. “the Prussian Nightingale.” Hans Dollinger, Edmund Goldschagg, 1886–1971, foreword by Rolf Goldschagg (Munich: Süddeutscher Verlag, 1986).
p. 44. “‘No,’ the son insisted.” Rolf Goldschagg, interview with the author.
p. 45. “WARM BROTHERHOOD IN THE BROWN HOUSE.” Munich Post, June 22,1931, with follow-ups on June 23, 24, and 26, 1931.
p. 48. “Roehm and the Hitler Party responded.” Ibid., June 24, 1931.
p. 48. “Roehm withdrew his charges.” Ibid., April 16, 17, 1932.
p. 49. “many (not all) historians believe.” Henry Ashby Turner, Jr., dissents in Hitler’s Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 (Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 1996).
p. 50. “photographs of General Blomberg’s new young wife.” Toland, Adolf Hitler, p. 427.
p. 50. “Bavarian Joe.” Ibid., pp. 427, 429.
p. 52. “Hitler’s murder beasts.” Munich Post, January 2, 1933.
p. 52. “a teenage SA recruit named Herbert Hentsch.” Munich Post, December 27, 28, 29, 30, 1932; January 2, 3, 4, and 21, 1933.
p. 53. “THE NOVEMBER CRIMINALS.” Munich Post, February 13, 18–19, and 20, 1933.
p. 54. “‘Stab-in-the-Back Swindle’ trial.” The Munich Post series called “Stab-in-the-Back Swindle” began April 25, 1924, and continued in the issues of April 26, 27, 28, and May 2, followed by a report on the trial and the court judgment on November 21, 22, and December 9, 1925. It was a response to Nikolaus Cossman’s article “Der Dolchstoss,” in Süddeutsche Monatschefte, April 1924.
p. 54. “transcript of the epic 1924 ‘Stab-in-the-Back Swindle’ trial.” Institut für Zeitgeschichte, microfilm collection, Munich.
p. 55. “A forgery that one historian called . . .” Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide (London: Serif Press, 1996).
p. 56. “the regrettably neglected vision.” Konrad Heiden, Der Fuehrer (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1944), pp. 1–20, 141.
p. 57. “The act that launched.” Toland, Adolf Hitler, p. 567.
p. 58. “to find counterfeiting the essential metaphor.” Karl Robert (pseud.), Hitler’s Counterfeit Reich, foreword by M. W. Fodor (New York: Alliance Books, 1941).
Chapter 4: H. R. Trevor-Roper
p. 63. “It was from the Stern Gang.” H. R. Trevor-Roper, interview with author.
p. 64. “In September 1945.” Trevor-Roper, Last Days of Hitler.
p. 66. “I have been accused . . .” H. R. Trevor-Roper, “Hitler Revisited: A Retrospective,” Encounter, December 1988, p. 19.
p. 66. “The fiction writer within the scholar . . .” Rosenfeld, Imagining Hitler, p. 23.
p. 67. “The fascination of those eyes . . .” Ibid., p. 23 (citing Trevor-Roper, Last Days of Hitler).
p. 72. “his most illuminating essay . . .” H. R. Trevor-Roper, “The Mind of Adolf Hitler,” in Hitler’s Secret Conversations (New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1953), pp. vii–xxx.
p. 72. “The Ten Commandments . . .” Ibid., p. 70.
p. 73. “From the rostrum . . .” Ibid., p. 72.
p. 75. “The ideological school.” See J. P. Stern, Hitler: The Führer and the People (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1975), and Eberhard Jäckel, Hitlers Weltanschauung (Tübingen, 1969).
p. 76. “Murdoch’s response.” Robert Harris, Selling Hitler (New York: Pantheon, 1986), p. 315.
p. 76. “I took the bona fides . . .” Ibid., p. 260.
p. 76. “The directors of Stern.” Ibid., p. 302.
Chapter 5: Alan Bullock
p. 78. “If you ask me what I think evil is.” Alan Bullock, interview with author.
p. 79. “was in love.” Bullock, Hitler, p. 393.
p. 80. “The Soviet autopsy findings.” See Bezymenski, Death of Adolf Hitler, and Petrova and Watson, Death of Hitler.
p. 80. “On Stalin’s orders . . .” Alan Bullock, Hitler and Stalin (New York: Vintage Books, 1993), p. 888.
p. 81. “Waite . . . built an elaborate castle.” Waite, Psychopathic God.
p. 85. “the philosopher Berel Lang.” See chapter 11.
p. 86. “Emil Fackenheim.” See chapter 16.
p. 94. “a review article.” Alan Bullock, “The Evil Dream,” review of The Path to Genocide and Ordinary Men, by Christopher R. Browning, TLS, February 5, 1993, p. 5.
p. 94. “since no written order.” See David Irving, Hitler’s War [1977], rev. ed. (New York: Avon Books, 1990). Also see chapter 12, below.
p. 95. “the address . . . Bullock’s final testament.” “Hitler and the Holocaust” at the London Yad Vashem Institute, subsequently published in pamphlet form (London: The Sidney Burton Center for Holocaust Studies, 1994).
Chapter 6: Was Hitler “Unnatural”?
p. 99. “Chief Archivist Weber.” Dr. Reinhard Weber.
p. 99. “The document he’s been reading from.” Munich police document, “Report of Det. Sauer.” September 28, 1931, Bavarian State Archives, Munich.
p. 101. “None of them had heard a shot.” Ibid.
p. 102. “His niece was a student . . .” Ibid.
p. 105. “everybody in Munich knew.” Nachum Tim Gidal, interview with author.
p. 105. “reeking miasma of furtive unnatural sexuality . . .” Hermann Rauschning in The Voice of Destruction (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1940), p. 263.
p. 105. “Hitlerism as a Sex Problem.” Rodney Collin, “Hitlerism as a Sex Problem,” The Spectator, January 19, 1934.
p. 106. “Male Fantasies.” Klaus Theweleit, Male Fantasies (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987).
p. 106. “The Kronor document.” “Adolf Hitler’s Blindness: A Psychological Study.” OSS Document 31963, National Archives, Washington, D.C. (Intelligence Division, Office of Chief of Naval Operations: Intelligence Report 24–43).
p. 107. “His own niece . . .” Ibid.
p. 108. “Regarding this mysterious affair.” “A Mysterious Affair,” Munich Post, September 21, 1931.
p. 108. “a survey of the newspaper archives.” Typescript prepared for author by Dr. Waltraud Kolb, University of Vienna.
p. 109. “Hitler’s private life . . .” Die Fanfare, September 1931.
p. 110. “The idea that Hitler had a sexual perversion . . .” Waite, Psychopathic God, p. 288.
p. 110. “The Mimi Reiter story.” Günter Peis, “The Unknown Lover,” Stern, no. 24, 1959.
p. 111.
“He was wearing breeches . . .” Ibid., trans. Dr. Waltraud Kolb.
p. 111. “a study of Hoffmann’s portraits.” See Rudolf Herz, Hoffmann and Hitler: Fotografie als Medium des Führer-Mythos (Munich: Fotomuseum im München Stadtmuseum, 1994).
Chapter 7: Hitler’s Songbird and the Suicide Register
p. 118. “a ledger of lost souls.” Munich’s Selbstmörder register for 1931, Bavarian State Archives, Munich.
p. 121. “the son of a colleague.” Karl-Ottmar Freiherr von Aretin, statement to author.
p. 121. “the not always reliable memoirs of Otto Strasser.” Otto Strasser, Hitler and I (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1940).
p. 121. “Gürtner is his bête noire.” Dr. Reinhard Weber, interview with author.
p. 121. “Heiden . . . the Munich-based reporter.” Heiden, Der Fuehrer.
p. 122. “Heiden depicts Geli disconsolately wandering.” Ibid., p. 387.
p. 122. “I was walking down the street . . .” Frau Braun, interview with author.
p. 123. “One has to take on trust . . .” Jenny Diski, London Review of Books, August 18, 1994.
p. 123. “This cranky but useful volume.” Anton Joachimsthaler, Korrectur einer Biographie: Adolf Hitler, 1908–1920 (Munich: Herbig Verlag, 1989).
p. 124. “I’m glad you said she had been shot.” “Anna,” interview with author.
p. 125. “immense crown of blond hair.” Louis L. Snyder, Encyclopedia of the Third Reich (New York: Paragon House, 1989), p. 282.
p. 125. “an empty-headed little slut . . .” Hanfstaengl, Hitler: The Missing Years, p. 162.
p. 126. “Henrietta Hoffmann . . . told John Toland.” Toland, Adolf Hitler, p. 229.
p. 126. “riding through the countryside . . .” Heiden, Der Fuehrer, p. 279.
p. 127. “Toland suggests that it was Geli’s jealousy.” Toland, Adolf Hitler, p. 254.
p. 128. “Heiden calls the story he tells.” Heiden, Der Fuehrer, pp. 384–86.
p. 129. “In Hanfstaengl’s version.” Hanfstaengl, Hitler: The Missing Years, pp. 162–63.
p. 130. “the highly respectful New York Times obituary.” July 20, 1966.
p. 131. “Binion . . . contends that Heiden.” Interview with author.
p. 133. “this version of the perversion story.” See Langer, Mind of Adolf Hitler, p. 29. All five “collaborators on this study agree” that the Strasser version of the perversion “is probably true in view of their clinical experience and their knowledge of Hitler’s character.”
p. 133. “Strasser told a German writer.” Wulf Schwarzwäller, The Unknown Hitler, trans. Aurelius von Kappau (New York: Berkley Books, 1990), pp. 122–23.
Chapter 8: The Dark Matter
p. 136. “someone like Hitler.” Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, interview with author.
p. 136. “when Einstein specifically addressed the question.” Albert Einstein, Cosmic Religion, with Other Opinions and Aphorisms (New York: Covici-Friede, 1931).
p. 137. “Freud . . . did not pronounce.” Telephone conversation with Frederick Crews.
p. 137. “the only book-length purely psychoanalytic study.” Bromberg and Small, Hitler’s Psychopathology.
p. 138. “‘Around 1928,’ they write.” Ibid, pp. 285–86.
p. 138. “a work . . . known as Hitler’s Secret Book.” Adolf Hitler, Hitler’s Secret Book, trans. Salvatore Attanasio (New York: Grove Press, 1961).
p. 139. “addressed to a Munich man.” Letter to Adolf Gemlich, cited in Fest, Hitler, p. 114.
p. 141. “The forensic description of Hitler’s remains.” Bezymenski, Death of Adolf Hitler, p. 47.
p. 142. “Klara was not only worried . . .” Waite, Psychopathic God, p. 173.
p. 142. “the work of . . . Dr. Peter Blos.” Peter Blos, “Comments on the Psychological Consequences of Cryptorchism,” Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 15 (1960): 408–20.
p. 142. “playing cowboy-and-Indians.” Bromberg and Small, Hitler’s Psychopathology, p. 219.
p. 143. “See I do have two powerful (potent) testicles.” Waite, Psychopathic God, p. 182.
p. 143. “a previously unpublished passage from Hitler’s wartime Table Talk.” Ibid., p. 183.
p. 144. “Freud cited Gloucester in Richard III.” Sigmund Freud, “Some Character Types Met with in Psychoanalytical Work” (1916), in Standard Edition, vol. 14, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press, 1957), pp. 314–15.
p. 144. “another Freudian study.” W. G. Niederland, “Narcissistic Ego Impairment in Patient with Early Physical Malformations,” The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 20 (1965): 518–34.
p. 145. “Fear of his father’s imagined castration threat.” Bromberg and Small, Hitler’s Psychopathology, p. 254.
p. 145. “a communiqué from . . . Gertrud Kurth.” Letter to author.
p. 145. “The novel, called One for Many.” Betty Kurth, One for Many, Confessions of a Young Girl by “Vera,” trans. Henry Britoff (New York: J. S. Oglivie, 1903).
p. 147. “her influential 1947 paper.” Gertrud Kurth, “The Jew and Adolf Hitler,” Psychoanalytic Review 16 (1947): 11–32.
p. 147. “Hitler’s conscious and unconscious attitudes [to the doctor].” Ibid., 27.
p. 147. “It is not about blame.” Gertrud Kurth, interview with author.
p. 149. “That was my big scoop.” Kurth, “The Jew and Adolf Hitler,” pp. 28–31.
p. 149. “in the redaction of Hitler’s words.” Waite, Psychopathic God, p. 188.
p. 151. “Hans Gatzke, threw cold water.” Hans W. Gatzke, “Hitler and Psychohistory,” American Historical Review 78.2 (April 1973): 394–401.
p. 151. “Kurth herself now has second thoughts.” Interview with author.
p. 151. “one assertion in Kurth’s 1947 paper.” Kurth, “The Jew and Adolf Hitler.”
p. 152. “his book-length study of the Hitler-Churchill relationship.” John Lukacs, The Duel (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1990).
p. 152. “In my considered view.” Ibid., p. 43.
Chapter 9: Fritz Gerlich and the Trial of Hitler’s Nose
p. 155. “DOES HITLER HAVE MONGOLIAN BLOOD?” Fritz Gerlich in Der Gerade Weg, July 17, 1932.
p. 157. “Hitler’s favorite quack racial theorists.” Hans F.K. Günther, Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes (Racial characteristics of the German people) (Munich: J. F. Lehman, 1923).
p. 158. “Schaber takes a lively if also melancholy interest.” Walter Schaber, interview with author.
p. 158. “Alfred Kazin told me of his disappointment.” Interview with author.
p. 161. “Something strange happened to Gerlich and this little group.” See Von Aretin, Fritz Michael Gerlich.
p. 163. “his reverent biography of Therese Neumann.” Johannes Steiner, Therese Neumann (Staten Island, N.Y.: Alba House, 1967), pp. 89–90.
p. 163. “Graef’s summation of the evidence.” Hilda Graef, The Case of Therese Neumann (Westminster, Md.: Newman Press, 1951). The fact that both this and the Steiner book were published by Catholic religious houses indicates a continuing split in the Catholic Church over the validity of the stigmatic girl.
p. 163. “Gerlich ‘became acquainted’ . . .” Steiner, Therese Neumann, pp. 89–90.
p. 164. “What you have to remember.” Interview with author.
p. 166. “that final image of Gerlich.” Johannes Steiner, statement to author.
p. 167. “The resultant composite perplexed me greatly.” Der Gerade Weg, July 17, 1932 (trans. Alexander Stengel, revised by author).
p. 168. “The Hitler Nobody Knows.” Hoffmann, The Hitler Nobody Knows.
p. 168. “a 1923 issue of American Monthly magazine.” George Viereck, “Hitler, the German Explosive,” American Monthly 15.8 (October 1923).
p. 169. “Tim Gidal’s contention.” Interview with author.
p. 169. “He showed me the photo.” Published in Nachum Tim Gidal: Photographs, 1929–1991 (Jerusalem: The Open Museum, 1992), p. 59.
p. 170. “two illust
rations of persons with Nordic noses.” Günther, Racial Characteristics.
p. 173. “a follow-up article.” Fritz Gerlich, Der Gerade Weg, July 24, 1932.
p. 174. “Richard Breitman’s study of the Himmler-Hitler relationship.” Richard Breitman, The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991).
p. 174. “a two-volume biography of Genghis Khan.” Michael Prawdin, Tschingis-Chan Der Sturm aus Asien and Das Erbe Tschingis-Chan (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1934, 1935), cited in Breitman, Architect of Genocide, pp. 39–43.
p. 175. “a famous ‘secret speech’ Hitler gave.” Cited in Breitman, Architect of Genocide, p. 43.
p. 176. “In a 1942 speech to SS troops.” Ibid., p. 177.
p. 176. “a member of the Iranian Parliament.” The New York Times, January 26, 1991, p. 1.
p. 177. “Abraham Foxman, was quoted.” The Forward, January 26, 1996.
Chapter 10: The Shadow Hitler, His “Primitive Hatred,” and the “Strange Bond”
p. 179–80. “The raw files of what’s known as the ‘OSS Sourcebook.’” “The OSS Sourcebook on Adolf Hitler,” National Archives, Washington, D.C.
p. 180. “The Shadow Hitler.” Thomas Powers, Heisenberg’s War: The Secret History of the German Bomb (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993), p. 479.
p. 180. “the report by Hitler’s parole officer.” “OSS Sourcebook,” Bavarian State Police doc. IV #2427 (September 22, 1924) predicts Hitler “will remain a continual danger for the inner and exterior security of the State” and, as “the soul” of the “racial movement,” should be deported rather than released.
p. 180. “cozy chats in wartime Hollywood with émigré directors.” “OSS Sourcebook,” interview with A. Zeissler, pp. 921–25.
p. 181. “the more widely known book-length analysis.” Langer, Mind of Adolf Hitler.
p. 181. “Under the heading of women.” “OSS Sourcebook,” p. 1i.
p. 182. “a Munich student who’d become Geli’s fiancé.” “OSS Sourcebook,” p. 639.
p. 183. “a copy of the extremely curious article.” “Adolf Hitler,” New York American, November 30, 1930.
p. 183. “the son of a cousin of Adolf’s father.” Ibid.
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