by Jane Ridley
31. Kaiser William to QV, 10 June 1897, in Rohl, Wilhelm II, p. 968.
32. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 257. Murphy, Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball, pp. 30–31, 69.
33. Murphy, Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball, p. 118.
34. Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan, The Glitter and the Gold (William Heinemann, 1953), p. 96.
35. RA GV/AA21/32, B to George, 16 August 1897.
36. RA GV/AA21/34, B to George, 23 August 1897.
37. Sigmund Muntz, King Edward VII at Marienbad (Hutchinson, 1934), pp. 35, 40, 45, 50.
38. RA VIC/Add U/419/67, B to Mrs. Emma Bourke, 19 September [1897] (copy).
39. RA VIC/Add U/419/4, B to Mrs. Eddie Bourke, [26 March 1898] (transcript).
40. RA VIC/Add U/419/55, B to Mrs. Eddie Bourke, 3 July [1899] (copy).
41. RA VIC/EVIID/1897: 25, 26 September; 16, 30 October; 3, 21, 27 November; 19, 20 December. Ds are inscribed on all these days.
42. RA PS/GV/O479B/23B/2, B to Daisy Warwick, 4 January 1898 (copy).
43. Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow, p. 185.
44. Caroline Spurrier Archive, Daisy Warwick to W. T. Stead, 20 February 1898.
45. RA PS/GV/O479B/53, Lady Warwick to Lord Stamfordham, 23 June 1915.
46. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 11–1975, Diaries, 14 December 1910.
47. Margot Asquith on Alix, in Sarah Bradford, King George VI (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989), p. 9.
48. RA VIC/EVIID/1897: 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 27 June; 2, 5, 12 [twice], 16 [twice], 19, 20, 23 [twice], 24 [twice], 25 [twice] July.
49. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick, n.d. [1898], two letters (Daisy transcripts).
50. Anand, Daisy, p. 81.
51. Daisy Warwick to Lord Rosebery, May 1900, in McKinstry, Rosebery, p. 481.
52. RA VIC/EVIID/1898: 1, 9, 10, 26 May; 9, 22 [twice, staying Warwick], 23 [twice], 24 [twice], 25 [twice], 26 [twice], 27 June.
53. RA GV/AA21/60, B to George, 26 June 1898.
54. Blunden, Countess of Warwick, pp. 127–28. Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow, pp. 124–25.
55. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick, n.d., Petworth [9 December 1899] (Daisy transcript).
56. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick, n.d. [1899] (Daisy transcript).
57. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick, n.d. [August 1899], Marienbad (Daisy transcript).
58. RA VIC/EVIID/1898: 27 February.
59. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 230.
60. Diana Souhami, Mrs. Keppel and Her Daughter (Flamingo, 1997), p. 22. Victoria, Lady Sackville, was the source for this story.
61. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 9–1975, Diary, 7 February 1909.
62. Violet Trefusis, Don’t Look Round (Hutchinson, 1952), p. 28.
63. Ibid., pp. 27–28.
64. The Times, 26 April 1898.
65. The Last Edwardians: An Illustrated History of Violet Trefusis and Alice Keppel, ed. John Phillips (Boston Athenaeum, 1985), p. 17.
66. Trefusis, Don’t Look Round, p. 20.
67. Souhami, Mrs. Keppel, p. 21. Michael Holroyd, A Book of Secrets (Chatto and Windus, 2010), p. 53. Raymond Lamont-Brown, Edward VII’s Last Loves: Alice Keppel and Agnes Keyser (Sutton Publishing, 1998), p. 57.
68. Holroyd, Book of Secrets, pp. 44–54. The name of Beckett’s mistress was José Dale-Lace. In 1895, shortly after she had given birth to her illegitimate child, the Prince of Wales visited Beckett at Kirkstall, his house near Leeds. Beckett wrote to Bertie to ask if he could present José privately beforehand, in order that she could entertain him at Kirkstall. He proposed to appear at Marlborough House with José at three p.m. the very next day. (RA VIC/Add C07/1, Ernest Beckett to B, 28 September 1895.) This was stopped, but, unabashed by the royal snub, José appealed directly to HRH herself: “My great fault apparently Sir has been that I loved Ernest with all my heart and soul.” (RA VIC/Add C07/1, José Dale-Lace to B, 1 October 1895.) So pushy was she that Bertie took advice from George Lewis, who counseled him to avoid all contact, else YRH may find “that her presentation to you may fan her powers of imagination into creating one more story.” (RA VIC/Add C07/1, George Lewis to B, 4 October 1895.)
69. Author emails from Miranda Villiers and John Phillips, January–February 2011.
70. Author conversation, Michael Holroyd, June 2011.
71. RA VIC/EVIID/1898: 18 July.
72. Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow, p. 147.
73. Lamont-Brown, Edward VII’s Last Loves, pp. 73–74.
74. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary, 28 July 1898.
75. RA VIC/Add A4/68, B to Vicky, 20 July 1898.
76. QVJ, 31 July 1898, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 3, p. 261.
77. RA GV/AA22/3, B to George, 13 September 1898. RA GV/AA22/2, B to George, 8 September 1898.
78. RA GV/AA22/7, B to George, 25 October 1898.
79. Caroline Spurrier Archive, Daisy Warwick to W. T. Stead, 6 September 1898.
80. RA GV/AA22/5, B to George, 16 October 1898. Christopher Sykes, Four Studies in Loyalty, pp. 36–37. Christopher Simon Sykes, The Big House (HarperCollins, 2004), pp. 243–44.
81. RA GV/AA22/20, B to George, 16 August 1899.
82. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, pp. 294–95. Murphy, Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball, p. 107.
83. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 62.
84. Allfrey, Jewish Court, p. 136. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 9–1975, Diary, 27 June 1909.
85. Janet Morgan, Edwina Mountbatten (HarperCollins, 1991), pp. 18–19.
86. Ibid., p. 20. Warwick, Afterthoughts, pp. 91–92.
87. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick [May 1899] (Daisy transcript).
88. RA VIC/Add U/419/1, B to Emma Bourke, 20 September [1899] (transcript).
89. The Times, 10 August 1900.
90. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary (8 July 1900).
91. RA VIC/EVIID/1899: 2 December.
92. RA VIC/EVIID/1899: 4 December.
93. Wernher also bought Bath House in Piccadilly, which had previously belonged to Baron Hirsch. Raleigh Trevelyan, Grand Dukes and Diamonds (Secker and Warburg, 1991), pp. 99, 109, 127–29.
94. Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 3, p. 440.
95. B to Arthur Bigge, 19 December 1899, in ibid., vol. 3, p. 442.
96. RA GV/AA22/31, B to George, 8 January 1900.
97. The Times, 30 March 1900.
98. The Times, 16 March 1900. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 752.
99. The Times, 27 February 1900.
100. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 263. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 212.
101. Kaiser William to B, 21 December 1899, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 754.
102. Kaiser William to B, 4 February 1900, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 756.
103. B to Kaiser William, 8 February 1900, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, p. 759.
104. Arthur Bigge to Lord Salisbury, 25 March 1900, in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 3, p. 518.
105. Lord Rosebery to QV, 15 March 1900, in ibid., vol. 3, p. 513.
106. B to Arthur Paget, March 1900, in Personal Letters of King Edward VII, ed. J. P. C. Sewell (Hutchinson, 1931).
107. RA VIC/EVIID/1895: 8 October.
108. RA VIC/EVIID/1900: 21 February. Allfrey, Jewish Court, p. 182.
109. Murphy, Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball, p. 117.
110. Balsan, Glitter and Gold, pp. 29–30.
111. Sewell, Personal Letters, p. 50. Author email from Sarah Lutyens, 20 March 2008.
112. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick, 9 April 1900 (Daisy transcript).
113. The Times, 5, 6 April 1900.
114. RA GV/AA22/3, B to George, 13 September 1898.
115. RA VIC/Z458/68, Charlotte Knollys to QV, 8 April 1900.
116. The Times, 5 April 1900.
117. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 266.
118. RA VIC/Add A4/169, B to Vick
y, 25 July 1900.
119. RA VIC/Add A4/173, B to Vicky, 8 August 1900.
120. RA VIC/Add A4/172, B to Vicky, 5 August 1900.
121. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1120, Carrington Diary (18 May 1900).
122. RA VIC/EVIID/1900: 31 July.
123. RA GV/AA21/52, B to George, 16 March 1898.
124. QVJ, 31 July 1900 in Buckle, Letters (3rd series), vol. 3, p. 579.
125. RA VIC/Add A4/170, B to Vicky, 31 July 1900.
126. Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 652.
127. William to QV, 12 October 1900, in ibid., p. 658. RA VIC/Add A4/177, B to Vicky, 12 September 1900.
128. Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 659.
129. RA GV/AA22/55, B to George, 16 October 1900.
130. RA VIC/Add A4/188, B to Vicky, 19 November 1900.
131. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 199. Tony Rennell, Last Days of Glory (Viking, 2000), pp. 48–53.
132. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 200.
133. Rennell, Last Days, p. 114.
134. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 203.
135. The Times, 21 January 1901.
136. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 205.
137. Ibid., p. 203.
138. Ibid., p. 210.
139. Frederick Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 82.
140. Reid, Ask Sir James, pp. 210–11.
141. RA VIC/EVIID/1900: 22 January.
CHAPTER 21: KING EDWARD THE CARESSER 1901–2
1. Nicolas Barker, private information, 9 September 2008. See Frederick Ponsonby to Lady Lytton, 22 January 1901, in Lutyens, Lady Lytton’s Court Diary, pp. 151–52.
2. The Times, 24 January 1901. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 83.
3. The Times, 24 January 1901. RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 23 January. Roger Fulford, “The King,” in Edwardian England, ed. Simon Nowell-Smith (Oxford University Press, 1964), p. 4.
4. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 797.
5. RA VIC/EVII/W36/1, Text of Declaration, n.d. This document, which is on Privy Council paper and endorsed “Appd ER,” was written after the event with help from Rosebery. See Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 4–5; Sir Almeric Fitzroy, Memoirs (Hutchinson, n.d.), vol. 1, p. 42; Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 23 January 1901; Rennell, Last Days, pp. 176–77.
6. Reid, Ask Sir James, pp. 215–16 (25 January 1901).
7. Rennell, Last Days, pp. 185–88, 294–300.
8. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 85.
9. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 8.
10. Rennell, Last Days, pp. 241–42.
11. RA VIC/Add A4/199, B to Vicky [7 February 1901].
12. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 85–93. Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, pp. 124–25.
13. Henry James to O. Wendell Holmes, in Weintraub, Edward VII, p. 390. James to Ariana Curtis, 3 February 1901, in Henry James Selected Letters, ed. Leon Edel (Harvard University Press, 1987), p. 329.
14. The Times, 23 January 1901.
15. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary, 23 January 1901.
16. Fulford, Hanover to Windsor, pp. 128–31. Fulford, “The King,” pp. 4–5. St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 382.
17. Balsan, Glitter and Gold, pp. 119–20.
18. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 364–65.
19. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 195.
20. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 201. Private information, Hugo Vickers, April 2010.
21. RA GV/CC29/16, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Mary, Duchess of York, 13 June 1901.
22. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 17.
23. Fulford, Hanover to Windsor, p. 139.
24. See Fulford, “The King,” p. 16.
25. Journals and Letters of Reginald Viscount Esher, ed. Maurice Brett (Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1934–38), vol. 1, p. 285 (17 February 1901).
26. Sir Lionel Cust, King Edward VII and His Court (John Murray, 1930), pp. 34–35. See RA VIC/Add A4/208, B to Vicky, 3 April 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/209, B to Vicky, 10 April 1900. RA VIC/Add A4/221, B to Vicky, 3 July 1901.
27. Alix to Vicky, 14 May 1901, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 290.
28. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 279 (6 February 1901).
29. Longford, Victoria RI, p. 542. For the saga of the Munshi’s letters, see p. 586.
30. RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 13 April.
31. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Lord Esher to Francis Knollys, 14 February 1901.
32. RA VIC/Add A4/201, B to Vicky, 17 February 1901.
33. Arnstein, “Queen Victoria Opens Parliament,” Historical Research, vol. 63 (1990), pp. 186–87.
34. Anna Keay, The Crown Jewels (Thames and Hudson, 2011), pp. 158–63.
35. Princess Mary to the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 16 February 1901; Alix to Queen Mary, 6 February 1911, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, pp. 363, 437.
36. Alix to Queen Mary, 6 February 1911, in ibid., p. 437.
37. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary, 28 March 1901.
38. The Times, 15 February 1901.
39. Cannadine, “The British Monarchy and the ‘Invention of Tradition,’ ” in The Invention of Tradition, ed. Hobsbawm and Ranger.
40. David M. Craig, “The Crowned Republic? Monarchy and Anti-monarchy in Britain, 1760–1901,” Historical Journal, vol. 46 (2003), p. 173. Homans, Royal Representations, pp. xvii–xxvii.
41. Fulford, Hanover to Windsor, pp. 141–42.
42. C. W. Stamper, What I Know (Mills and Boon, 1913), p. 243.
43. Winston Churchill to Jennie Churchill, 22 January 1901, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, p. 545.
44. B to Emma Bourke, 23 January 1901, telegram (transcript), in Humphrey Whitbread Archive, W/H 75/75. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary (28 March 1901).
45. B to Emma Bourke, n.d. [October 1901], transcript, Humphrey Whitbread Archive, W/H 75/77. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 416.
46. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary (21 February 1902).
47. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary (12 July 1904). The Times, 23 May 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/216, B to Vicky, 29 May 1901.
48. Anand, Daisy, pp. 108–15.
49. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 276.
50. Ibid., pp. 275–76.
51. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 279 (5 February 1901).
52. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 54.
53. RA GV/CC29/16, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Princess Mary, 18 June 1901.
54. Princess Mary to the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 27 January 1901, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 363.
55. Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Princess Mary, 26 May 1901, Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 371.
56. Ibid.
57. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 305 (14 October 1901).
58. Prochaska, Royal Bounty, p. 126.
59. Frank Prochaska, “Queen Mary,” ODNB.
60. Louisa Lady in Waiting, ed. Elizabeth Longford (Jonathan Cape, 1979), p. 87.
61. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, pp. 345–46 (28 July 1902).
62. Duchess of York to the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 17 June 1901, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 361.
63. Countess of Airlie, Thatched with Gold (Hutchinson, 1962), p. 107.
64. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 105.
65. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 290 (18 March 1901).
66. Alix to George, August 1901, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 375.
67. Ibid., p. 423.
68. A. W. Purdue, “Alexandra,” ODNB. See Purdue, “Queen Adelaide: Malign Influence or Consort Maligned?,” in Clarissa Campbell Orr, Queenship in Britain, 1660–1837 (Manchester University Press, 2002), pp. 267–87.
69. Longford, Louisa, p. 79. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 225.
70. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 318 (18 November 1901).
71. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 373 (9 February 1902).
72. RA VIC/Add U/28, Sir Frederick Treves, “An Accou
nt of the Illness of King Edward VII in June 1902” (typescript), pp. 115–16.
73. A. C. Benson, Edwardian Excursions, ed. David Newsome (John Murray, 1981), p. 75.
74. RA VIC/Add A4/200, B to Vicky, 13 February 1901.
75. RA VIC/Add A4/201, B to Vicky, 17 February 1901.
76. RA VIC/Add A4/202, B to Vicky, 21 February 1901.
77. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 110.
78. Ibid., p. 112.
79. Rose, George V, p. 315.
80. Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 667. RA VIC/Add A4/216, B to Vicky, 29 May 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/217, B to Vicky, 5 June 1901.
81. RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 31 July 1901.
82. RA VIC/MAIN/X19/1a, Princess Helena to B, 6 August 1901.
83. RA GV/AA23/5, B to George, 7 August 1901.
84. RA VIC/MAIN/X19/1b, Princess Helena to B, 10 August 1901.
85. RA GV/CC45/248, Duke of Connaught to the Duchess of York, 21 August 1901.
86. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 26.
87. The Diary of Sir Edward Hamilton, 1885–1906, ed. Dudley Bahlman (Hull University Press, 1993), pp. 398, 400 (10, 20 February 1901).
88. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist. c. 718, fols. 67–68, Francis Knollys to Lord Salisbury, 15 June 1901.
89. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 357. Allfrey, Jewish Court, pp. 191–95. Kuhn, “Queen Victoria’s Civil List,” Historical Journal, vol. 36 (1993), pp. 663–64.
90. Hansard, 9 May 1901, vol. 93, cols. 1199–1214.
91. RA GV/AA23/16, B to George, 9 December 1901.
92. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 289–90. Matthew Dennison, The Last Princess (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2007), pp. 225–29.
93. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 151–52.
94. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 220.
95. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 3, October 1911.
96. RA VIC/Add C13, Nurse Haines’s Diary, 9 September 1902.
97. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 411.
98. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 201.
99. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 300 (20 June 1901).
100. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 223.
101. Sidney Holland, Viscount Knutsford, In Black and White (Edward Arnold, 1926), p. 181.
102. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 21.
103. Longford, Louisa, p. 87.
104. Cust, Edward VII, p. 28.
105. Information from Simon Houfe, June 2009.
