by Jane Ridley
33. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 November 1905.
34. Steiner, “Last Years,” pp. 82–85.
35. Zara Steiner, “Grey, Hardinge and the Foreign Office, 1906–1910,” Historical Journal, vol. 10 (1967), pp. 415–17.
36. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 21 June 1906.
37. RA GV/GG9/661, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 27 November 1914.
38. RA GV/CC24/43, Mary, Princess of Wales to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 22 February 1906.
39. RA VIC/R27/36, Note by B on CB’s letter of 9 March 1906.
40. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 265 (1 December 1907).
41. RA VIC/R27/78, Memo by B, 18 July 1906.
42. RA VIC/R27/79, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman to Lord Knollys, 19 July 1906.
43. RA VIC/R27/80, Memo by B, 19 July 1906.
44. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 109, Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 25 July 1905.
45. RA VIC/X16/3, B to Winston Churchill, 20 August 1906. Randolph Churchill, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 2, Young Statesman (Heinemann, 1967), pp. 158–61.
46. Robert Benson to Robert Witt (secretary of the NACF), 19 January 1906, in Mary Yule, “The Acquisition of Velazquez’s Rokeby Venus” (typescript, 2007). See Edmund Gosse, letter to The Times, 15 March 1906.
47. Lady Colin Campbell in The World, 15 November 1905, in Yule, “Acquisition of Velazquez’s Rokeby Venus,” p. 9.
48. Ibid., p. 12.
49. RA VIC/R28/27, B to Lord Knollys, 12 March 1907.
50. B to Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, 29 March 1907, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 468.
51. Caroline Spurrier Papers, B to Daisy Warwick, n.d. [1899].
52. Stamper, What I Know, p. 157.
53. RA GV/AA24/37, B to George, 26 January 1906.
54. Autobiography of Sir Felix Semon, ed. Henry Semon and Thomas McIntyre (Jarrold, 1926), p. 280.
55. RA GV/AA24/43, B to George, 8 March 1906. B to Lady Londonderry, 26 March 1906, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 510–11.
56. Keppel, Edwardian Daughter, p. 44.
57. Vane, Affair of State, p. 187.
58. RA VIC/W64/87, Lord Loreburn to B, 27 February 1906.
59. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 42–44. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 511–14.
60. B to Prince Charles of Denmark, 11 August 1905, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 321.
61. Carter, Three Emperors, p. 324.
62. Ibid., p. 325.
63. Lord Lansdowne to Frank Lascelles, 25 September 1905, in McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 123.
64. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, fols. 134–38, Charles Hardinge to Sidney Lee, 14 November 1920.
65. Thomas A. Kohut, “Kaiser Wilhelm and His Parents,” in Kaiser Wilhelm II, ed. John Rohl and Nicolaus Sombart (Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 84–88.
66. B to Kaiser William, 27 January 1906, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 525.
67. Kaiser William to B, 1 February 1906, in ibid., vol. 2, pp. 525–26.
68. RA VIC/Add C07/2/S, B to Lord Knollys, 19 March 1906.
69. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 126.
70. Carter, Three Emperors, p. 331.
71. John Phillips Archive, Transcript of Menu Hôtel du Palais Biarritz, in King’s handwriting, ER le 2 Avril 1906.
72. Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 400.
73. RA VIC/W50/33 Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 20 October 1906.
74. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 200.
75. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 122.
76. RA VIC/W49/75, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 16 July 1906.
77. RA VIC/W49/82, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 28 July 1906.
78. The Times, 16 August 1906.
79. RA VIC/W49/93, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 August 1906.
80. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 181.
81. Ibid., p. 182.
82. RA VIC/W49/93, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 August 1906.
83. RA VIC/W49/95, Charles Hardinge to Edward Grey, 16 August 1906.
84. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 272.
85. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 73, 141.
86. RA VIC/X32/264, Stanley Clarke (equerry) to Lord Knollys, 24 September 1906. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 235–36.
87. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 13. The rodent ulcer had apparently been cured by X-ray before the Coronation, but “the malignant growth returned and by January 1906 had assumed serious proportions and had become adherent to the bone.”
88. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 404. Prochaska, Royal Bounty, pp. 152–53: Sir Ernest Cassel and Lord Iveagh founded a Radium Institute on Portland Place that opened in 1911.
89. Crawford Papers, p. 153 (8 May 1910).
90. Hibbert, Edward VII, pp. 229–30. The Times, 11, 12 July 1906.
91. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 10 July 1906.
92. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, February 1907.
93. Stamper, What I Know, p. 102. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 225.
94. Stamper, What I Know, p. 102.
95. Semon and McIntyre, Autobiography, p. 283.
96. The Times, 8 March 1907.
97. RA VIC/X32/286, G. de Reuter to Arthur Davidson, 6 March 1908 [sic—actually 1907].
98. Winston Churchill to Lord Elgin, 27 March 1907, in Randolph Churchill, Winston S. Churchill: Companion, vol. 2 (Heinemann, 1969), part 1, p. 653.
99. Morgan, Edwina Mountbatten, p. 28.
100. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 534. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 109, 111.
101. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 544.
102. RA VIC/W51/22, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 February [1907]. RA VIC/W51/23, Hardinge to Knollys, 18 February 1907.
103. The Times, 9 April 1907.
104. RA VIC/W52/9, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 July [1907].
105. The Times, 19 April 1907.
106. Frank Lascelles to Edward Grey, 19 April 1907, in British Documents on the Origin of the War, ed. C. P. Gooch and H. Temperley (HMSO, 1930), vol. 6, p. 28.
107. Frederick Ponsonby to Charles Hardinge, 25 April 1907, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 479.
108. Carter, Three Emperors, p. 345.
109. RA VIC/Add U417, B to the Marquis de Soveral, 19 September 1907.
110. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 13 August 1906.
111. RA VIC/W51/71, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 6 April 1907.
112. RA VIC/W52/9, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 July [1907].
113. RA VIC/W52/12, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 22 August 1907. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 546–47. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 184.
114. RA VIC/Add U417, B to the Marquis de Soveral, 19 September 1907.
115. RA VIC/Add U417, B to the Marquis de Soveral, 20 September 1907.
116. Stamper, What I Know, p. 137.
117. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 301. Lady Cunard, with others, lunched with the King on 1 September 1907 (RA VIC/EVIID/1907: 1 September).
118. B to Lord Knollys, 31 October 1907, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 554.
119. John Rohl, “The Emperor’s New Clothes,” in Rohl and Sombart, Wilhelm II, p. 48. See Lamar Cecil, Wilhelm II (University of North Carolina Press, 1996), vol. 2, pp. 112–15.
120. RA VIC/W50/18, Charles Hardinge to B, 9 October 1906.
121. RA VIC/W52/43, Edward Grey to Lord Knollys, 11 October 1907.
122. Edward Grey to Frank Lascelles, 1 November 1907, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 88. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 204.
123. RA VIC/W52/53, Edward Grey to Lord Knollys, 1 November 1907.
124. Charles Hardinge to Frank Lascelles, 2 October 1907, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 84.
125. Kaiser William to B
, 20 June 1907, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 546–47.
126. Jonathan Steinberg, “The Kaiser and the British,” in Rohl and Sombart, Wilhelm II, pp. 133–34.
127. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 255 (16 November 1907).
128. Edward Grey to Francis Bertie, 20 November 1907, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 102.
CHAPTER 25: KING CANUTE 1908–9
1. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 6 March.
2. Auguste Rodin to Daisy Warwick, 7–8 March 1908, Rodin Archive: I am grateful to Victoria Fishburn for this reference.
3. Marion J. Hare, “Rodin and His English Sitters,” Burlington Magazine, vol. 129 (1987), pp. 374–75.
4. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 261.
5. RA PS/GV/O/479B/23A, Charles Russell’s Memo for Lord Stamfordham, 21 July 1914.
6. RA PS/GV/O/479B/109, Lady Algernon Gordon-Lennox, n.d., fragment.
7. Ibid. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 29. Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow, p. 158.
8. RA PS/GV/O/479B/23A, Charles Russell’s Memo for Lord Stamfordham, 21 July 1914.
9. RA PS/GV/O/479B/12, Lord Stamfordham to George, 6 July 1914.
10. Warwick, Afterthoughts, pp. 21–22.
11. Daisy claimed in her memoirs in 1929 that the marble bust had been bought by the Rodin Gallery in New York, but according to Hare it never reappeared after she sold it. (Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow, p. 165. Hare, “Rodin,” pp. 374–75.)
12. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 4 March. Wilson, CB, p. 621.
13. RA VIC/Add C07/2/G, B to Lord Knollys, 21 March 1908. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 33.
14. H. H. Asquith to Margot Asquith, 4 March 1908, in Life of Herbert Henry Asquith, Lord Oxford and Asquith, ed. J. A. Spender and Cyril Asquith (Hutchinson, 1932), vol. 1, p. 195. This conversation is dated as taking place on 29 February 1908 after the Privy Council by Margot Asquith. (Bodleian Library, MS Eng d3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 29 February 1908.) See Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 341 (29 February 1908).
15. RA VIC/X33/373, Arthur Davidson to Francis Bertie, 17 November 1908. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 577, 687.
16. Keppel, Edwardian Daughter, pp. 44–45. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 175–85.
17. RA VIC/Add C07/2/G, B to Lord Knollys, 25 March 1908.
18. B to Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, telegram, 3 April 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 580.
19. H. H. Asquith to Margot Asquith, 6 (actually 8) April 1908, in Spender and Asquith, Life, vol. 1, p. 197.
20. The Times, 7, 9 April 1908.
21. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 582. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 8, 16 April 1908. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 300–301 (5 April 1908).
22. RA VIC/Add C07/2/G, Arthur Davidson to Lord Knollys, 30 March 1908.
23. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 16 April 1908.
24. RA VIC/W39/115, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 6 September 1905. RA VIC/W39/131, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 30 December 1905. Admiral John Fisher to Lord Esher, 23 December 1908; Fisher to Esher, 15 March 1909, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 363, 375.
25. RA VIC/W39/117, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 10 September 1905.
26. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 15 March 1907.
27. The Times, 6 February 1908.
28. Kaiser William to Lord Tweedmouth, 14 February 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 605.
29. B to Kaiser William, n.d., in ibid., vol. 2, p. 606.
30. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 287–88.
31. Admiral John Fisher to Lord Esher, 19 April 1908, in Marder, Fear God and Dread Nought, vol. 2, p. 174.
32. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 5 June.
33. Admiral John Fisher to his wife, 7 June 1908, in Marder, Fear God and Dread Nought, vol. 2, p. 180.
34. RA VIC/W52/118, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 16 February 1908.
35. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 196. Carter, Three Emperors, pp. 353–54.
36. Nicolson, Sir Arthur Nicolson, pp. 269–73.
37. King, Last Czar, pp. 430–31.
38. Frances Welch, The Romanovs and Mr. Gibbs (Short Books, 2002), p. 14.
39. Admiral John Fisher to R. McKenna, 12 June 1908, in Marder, Fear God and Dread Nought, vol. 2, p. 181.
40. Prince von Bülow, Memoirs (Putnam, 1931), vol. 2, p. 309.
41. Kaiser William’s minute, 25 June 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 596.
42. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, pp. 166–67.
43. Lord Knollys to H. H. Asquith, 15 June 1908, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 409.
44. RA VIC/W66/26, Alexander Murray of Elibank to Lord Knollys, 17 June 1908.
45. RA VIC/W66/31, Alexander Murray of Elibank to Lord Knollys, 26 June 1908.
46. RA VIC/W66/29, Arthur Ponsonby to Lord Knollys, 23 June 1908. RA VIC/W66/38, Ponsonby to Knollys, 1 July 1908. RA VIC/W66/39, Note by B, 3 July 1908.
47. Matthew, “Edward VII,” ODNB.
48. RA VIC/W66/25, Lord Northcliffe to Lord Knollys, 2 June 1908.
49. RA VIC/X33/366c, Schomberg McDonnell to Lord Knollys, 5 June 1908. RA VIC/X33/366d, Note by B, 7 June 1908.
50. RA VIC/X34/414, Arthur Davidson to Lord Althorp, Lord Chamberlain, 26 March 1908.
51. RA VIC/X34/405, Colonel Hon. Charles Gathorne-Hardy to Frederick Ponsonby, 24 February [1908].
52. Turner, Court of St. James’s, p. 344.
53. Ibid. p. 345.
54. The message was conveyed by Lord Churchill, not Winston, as Magnus suggests. (Edward VII, p. 497.) RA VIC/W66/22, Lord Churchill to Lord Knollys, 31 May 1908. RA VIC/W66/23, Knollys to Lord Churchill, 1 June 1908. Winston Churchill wrote to the King begging that the duke, who was a Knight of the Garter, should be permitted to attend the dinner after the Garter ceremonies; this was granted. (Mary Lovell, The Churchills, Little, Brown, 2011, p. 263.)
55. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 20 June 1908. This passage was cut from Margot’s published autobiography.
56. Broadlands Archive, Cassel Papers, XI, Emma Bourke to B, n.d. [1907].
57. Broadlands Archive, Cassel Papers, XI, B to Cassel, 5 April [1907].
58. RA VIC/Add U/419/100, B to Emma Bourke, 4 August 1908.
59. For B’s letters to Mabel Batten, see Cara Lancaster Archive.
60. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 9–1975, Diary (8 December 1908).
61. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 7–1975, Diary (15 April 1906); MS 9–1975, Diary (8 December 1908).
62. Grey’s memorandum, 6 August 1908, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 173.
63. B’s minute, 6 August 1908, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 503.
64. Minute by B on F. Cartwright to Edward Grey, 14 August 1908, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 180.
65. Edward Grey to Lord Knollys, 8 August 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 617.
66. RA GV/AA25/41, B to George, 20 August 1908.
67. RA VIC/W54/7 Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1908.
68. Charles Hardinge to Edward Grey, 15 August 1908, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 183.
69. RA GV/AA25/41, B to George, 20 August 1908.
70. RA VIC/W54/7, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1908.
71. Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 626.
72. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 246–47. Lee places this story in 1907. (Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 549.)
73. Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 626.
74. Miklos Banffy, They Were Found Wanting (Arcadia Books, 2009), pp. 157–59.
75. RA VIC/W54/71, Charles Hardinge to B, 3 October 1908.
76. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 5 October.
77. Bülow, Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 148.
78. Lord Redesdale, King Edward VII: A Memory (privately pr
inted, 1915), p. 28.
79. R. R. McLean, “Monarchy and Diplomacy in Europe 1900–1910,” (PhD dissertation, University of Sussex, 1996), pp. 123–25.
80. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 11 October.
81. The Times, 20, 21, 24, 26 October 1908.
82. RA VIC/W54/115, Charles Hardinge to B, 20 October 1908.
83. RA VIC/W54/116, Charles Hardinge to B, 22 October 1908.
84. Carter, Three Emperors, p. 360.
85. B to Nicholas II, 27 October 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 642.
86. RA VIC/W54/119, Charles Hardinge to B, 24 October 1908.
87. Edwin Lutyens to Lady Emily Lutyens, 15 March 1902, in The Letters of Edwin Lutyens to His Wife Lady Emily, ed. by Clayre Percy and Jane Ridley (Collins, 1985), p. 97.
88. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick, 7 January 1898.
89. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 209–11.
90. RA VIC/W54/123, Charles Hardinge to B, 28 October 1908.
91. RA VIC/W54/124, Charles Hardinge to B, 28 October 1908.
92. Cecil, Wilhelm II, vol. 2, p. 140.
93. The Observer, 22 November 1908.
94. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 12 November 1908.
95. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 359.
96. B to Lord Knollys, 25 November 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 622.
97. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 7 November 1908.
98. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Note by B on Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 18 November 1908.
99. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 360.
100. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, November 1908.
101. Lord Howard de Walden to Holbrooke, 22 November 1908, Thomas Seymour collection.
102. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 214–15.
103. Allfrey, Jewish Court, p. 53.
104. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 207.
105. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 368–70 (8, 19 December 1910).
106. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 231–32. Bertie’s diary shows Mrs. Keppel dining. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 10, 17 December.
107. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 231–32.
108. Ibid., pp. 225, 230.
109. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Lord Knollys to Charles Carrington, 23 January 1909.
110. Edward Grey to Francis Bertie, 7 January 1909, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 227.
