by Moore, Lucy
Tallien, Thérésia see Cabarrus, Thérésia
Tallien, Thermidor-Rose-Thérésia (later Laure de Narbonne-Pelet), 67–8, 314, 386
Talma, François-Joseph, 58–9, 75, 280, 313, 381
Talma, Julie, 107, 313
Target, Guy-Jean, 72
Taschereau Fargues, Paul Auguste, 288, 291
Tenducci, Ferdinand-Justin, 48
Tennis Court Oath (1789), 24n, 72, 75
Terror, the: justifications for, 98, 161, 279–80; begins, 184–5, 200, 230; and cult of guillotine, 253; and executions, 293; Tallien condemns, 300; reaction against excesses, 324
Tessé, Mme de (comtesse), 21
Thé, Le (journal), 318
theatre: social prejudice against, 58–9; survives revolution, 152
Theremin, Louis, 345
Thermidor and Thermidorians, 295, 299–300, 305, 308–9, 312, 320
Théroigne de Méricourt, Anne-Josèphe: observes National Assembly, xxii, 51, 54, 62–3, 70; social status, xxv–vi, 55–7, 90, 92; activism, 47, 388; background and career, 47–9; dress and appearance, 49, 51, 54–5, 59–60, 73, 140; opposes discrimination against women, 49–50, 54, 62–3; and October women’s march on Versailles, 51, 70; Austrians arrest and interrogate, 52, 112–16; friends and associates, 52–3, 55; revolutionary ideas and activities, 54–5, 57, 60, 67; popular image, 55, 57; in Fraternal Society of Patriots of Both Sexes, 61, 70; leaves Paris, 62–3, 111; public activities, 90, 119; released and returns to Paris, 116–17; favours war with Austria, 117–19, 124; proposes bringing women into public life, 119–20; organizes Festival of Liberty, 120–1; represented in pack of cards, 122; satirized and attacked in press, 122–3; in demonstration before Tuileries, 127; addresses crowd and fights in assault on Tuileries, 132–3, 140; attends Jacobin Club, 140; attacked and beaten as enemy of revolution, 192–3, 225, 295; challenges Robespierre, 217; arrests and imprisonment, 294–5; mental decline and confinement, 295, 301, 387; and women’s rights, 385; death and reputation, 387–8
Théroigne de Méricourt, Joseph, 295
Théroigne et Populus (play), 55
Thibaudeau, Antoine, 318–19, 323, 333, 335
Tocqueville, Alexis de: on position of women, xxiii; on revolution, 98; on Girondins, 161; on post-Terror fashion, 314; on public balls, 317; on rule of Directory, 341–2
Tomalin, Claire, 255
Toulon: captured by British, 228; recaptured by revolutionary army, 270
Tours, 265
Tourzel, Louise Elizabeth, marquise (later duchesse) de, 40, 144
Tribun du Peuple, 346
Tribunate, 370
tricolour cockade: wearing of, 129, 225–6, 229, 234–6
tricoteuses, 252
United States of America: supported by France in War of Independence, 20; status of women in, 22, 97; Brissot admires, 87; Tom Paine on, 97, 149; Lafayette in, 200; Mme La Tour du Pin leaves for, 279
Vadier, Marc Guillaume, 288
Valmy, battle of (1792), 149
Varennes, 100
Varlet, Jean, 201
Vendée, la: rebellion in, 171, 227
Verdun: besieged and captured by Prussians, 141, 159
Vergniaud, Pierre, 158, 171, 175, 177, 198, 210, 219, 247
Versailles: October women march on, 36–42, 51–2, 70
Victoire, Mme (Louis XVI’s aunt), 79
Vieux Cordelier (journal), 280
Vigée-Lebrun, Élisabeth, 9, 29, 76, 377
Villiers, Pierre, 387
Voltaire, François Marie Arouet: in salons, 16; Manon Roland reads, 93; Brutus, 58, 75
Walpole, Horace, 18 Warens, Françoise Louise Eléonore de la Tour, 69
Washington, George, 12, 20, 87, 97
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of, 386, 390
White Terror, 320
Williams, Helen Maria: on French anglophilia, 22; on activist women, 32, 73, 194; on National Assembly meetings, 70; on slang, 70; on Federation Day, 74–5; on hypocrisy of nobles, 76; on Manon Roland, 87; on fall of royal family, 99; on revolutionary dress, 151–2; on Roland’s resignation, 169; arrested and imprisoned, 210, 289; Barère visits, 210; visits Manon Roland in prison, 215; destroys Manon Roland’s papers, 219, 255; on trial of Marie-Antoinette, 245; on Brissot’s awaiting execution, 247; on execution of Manon Roland, 252; friendship with Manon Roland and Mary Wollstonecraft, 255; on the Terror, 280; on Danton, 281; on victims of execution, 281–2; on death of Robespierre, 300; on post-Terror life, 306; on Directory, 342; on denial of women’s rights, 388–9
Wollstonecraft, Mary: attends National Assembly, 70; influenced by Rousseau, 18; defends working women in France, 40; as unmarried mother, 55; on French manners, 152; watches Louis XVI on way to execution, 167; edits Manon Roland’s memoirs, 255–6; praises Tallien, 300; A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 9 women: position of, xxiii; in salons, 7–8; dress and manners, 8–10, 151, 191, 315, 366; as arbiters of ideas and style, 11–12, 42; misogyny amd discrimination against, 13, 44, 50, 62–3, 123, 344–6; Rousseau on, 18–19, 56–7, 85, 88, 93–4, 120; Condorcet on, 21–2; in USA, 22, 97; working-class and market, 30–2, 200, 225, 235–7; participate in revolution, 31; petition king for rights, 31–2; support revolution, 32–3, 43; role, 34; demand bread, 35, 227; march on Versailles (October 1789), 35–42, 51–2, 70; men dress as, 40–1, 52, 78, 366; demand for rights, 43–4, 104–5, 388–90; form clubs and groups, 43, 60, 71, 189; and revolutionary anti-corruption, 56; citizenship question, 57, 61, 104; fashion industries decline, 59–60; and celebration of fall of Bastille, 74; demand money, 78; Théroigne proposes as fighting soldiers, 118; proposals to bring into public life, 119–20; in revolutionary festivals, 121–2; in Jacobin Club, 139–40; as victims in prison massacres, 143–4; participate in massacres and atrocities, 144; granted civil rights under new republic, 150; support Robespierre, 164; denied access to Jacobin meeting-rooms, 171; protest at food shortages, 171–2, 320–1; Marat appeals to, 173; active militants, 190–4, 201–3, 236–7, 321, 388; rights denied in 1793 constitution, 195; disillusion with revolution, 200–1, 227–8; exalted as mothers, 204–5; Jacobins counteract influence of, 204; Robespierre on, 217, 285–6, 291; and immorality in ancien régime, 218; and wearing of tricolour cockade, 225–6, 234–6; in Lyon civil war, 227–8; and wearing of Phrygian cap (bonnets rouges), 236–7, 239; prevented from involvement in public life, 237–8, 321–2; as spectators at executions, 252; executed, 254; celebrate Festival of Reason, 256, 258–9; as embodiments of virtues, 259; Thérésia Cabarrus’s discourse on, 285–6; in Festival of Supreme Being, 291; prisoners, 294; serve in army, 295; post-Thermidor dress and manners, 314–17; instigate violence and riots, 321–2; and prostitution, 346–7; romantic friendships, 363; Napoléon’s attitude to, 376–7; under Napoléon’s civil code, 379, 385
Wordsworth, William, 74
Ysabeau, Claude, 264–5, 269–70, 273–5, 278, 280, 282, 285
About the Author
LUCY MOORE is the author and editor of several books, including the critically acclaimed Maharanis. She was voted one of the top twenty young writers in Britain by The Independent and has hosted programs on the BBC. She lives in London.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.
Credits
Cover design by Gregg Kulick
Cover illustration: Bibi by Seymour Joseph Guy © Christie’s Images
Copyright
Images not available for electronic edition.
LIBERTY. Copyright © 2006 by Lucy Moore. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the expre
ss written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
EPub Edition © MAY 2008 ISBN: 9780061881947
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
About the Publisher
Australia
HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
25 Ryde Road (PO Box 321)
Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com.au
Canada
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
55 Avenue Road, Suite 2900
Toronto, ON, M5R, 3L2, Canada
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.ca
New Zealand
HarperCollinsPublishers (New Zealand) Limited
P.O. Box 1
Auckland, New Zealand
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.co.nz
United Kingdom
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.
77-85 Fulham Palace Road
London, W6 8JB, UK
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.co.uk
United States
HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
10 East 53rd Street
New York, NY 10022
http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com
* The Estates-General had changed its name to the ‘National Assembly’ on 17 June 1789, three days before the Tennis Court Oath in which the deputies swore to remain in session until France had a constitution; over the next three years it would become, successively, the Constituent Assembly and the Legislative Assembly. As contemporaries usually did, in the main I have referred to it as the National Assembly.
* Her French accusers said Théroigne de Méricourt had boasted of forming this club.
* Thérésia’s account of her birth is just one example of this tendency: she claimed to have been born in Madrid at a grand ball given by the French ambassador, altough records show she was actually born in Carabancel, just outside Madrid.
* Porcia Catonis was a Roman matron who committed suicide by swallowing hot coals when her husband Brutus was defeated in battle by Marc Anthony; Mucius Scaevola put his hand into a fire to demonstrate his patriotism. The implication is that women could also be patriots.
* Similar feelings of resentment arose in German-occupied Paris during the Second World War. ‘In years when an egg was a magnificent luxury,’ writes Miranda Seymour in The Bugatti Queen (London, 2004), ‘food was increasingly associated with the idea of power. The German alone had regular access to good food in Paris; while their hosts starved, they ate like victors.’
* In 1785 Sir Joshua Reynolds bought Bernini’s fountain of Neptune holding a trident with a Triton at his feet, originally made for the Villa Negroni; he considered it the finest work of its type.
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Dedication
Epigraph
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Notes
Bibliography
Words and Phrases
Acknowledgments
Searchable Terms
About the Author
Credits
Copyright
About the Publisher
