Alone on the Ice: The Greatest Survival Story in the History of Exploration

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Alone on the Ice: The Greatest Survival Story in the History of Exploration Page 38

by David Roberts


  delayed departures from, 171, 182

  distance from, 15, 32, 33, 36, 208, 215, 216, 222

  egalitarianism at, 128, 139

  entertainment at, 127, 129–30, 144–45, 267–68

  guarding of hut in, 161, 170

  hut erected at, 124–27, 126, 131, 248, 254

  hut temperature at, 132

  interpersonal tensions at, 151–60

  location of, 96, 111–13

  Mawson’s return to, 244–49

  naming of, 113

  newspaper published at, 262–68

  other structures erected at, 131

  parting between the men at, 207–8

  quasi-military regimen at, 139–40

  Western Base compared with, 163, 164, 169

  Western Party’s return to, 187–88, 208

  wind at, 132–39, 141, 145, 146, 148–49, 152, 159, 160, 164, 259, 260, 268, 283

  Cape Evans, 203

  Cape Freshfield, 32, 180, 295

  Cape Royds, 49, 55–58, 63, 75, 76, 78, 79, 118

  deadline for, 60, 68, 80

  Nimrod’s departure from, 82

  wintering over at, 56–57, 125, 133

  Cape Washington, 60, 76

  Caroline Cove, 99–100, 103, 105

  Aurora’s return to, 107–8

  cars, 57–58, 96, 183

  Caruso (dog), 131

  Cathedral Grotto, 182, 183, 186

  celebrations, 172, 288

  birthday, 56, 144, 152, 269–70

  Christmas, 175, 185, 192, 198, 199, 215–16

  Challenger expedition (1872–74), 117

  champagne, 289, 290

  “championship,” 145, 265

  China, 57, 58

  chocolate, 141, 173, 217, 237, 238

  Christmas celebrations, 175, 185, 192, 198, 199, 215–16

  chronometers, 64, 185

  Churchill, Winston, 299

  cigarettes, 141

  Cleland, John, 224–25

  climate, 55, 138–39

  climbing equipment, 50–51

  Close, John “Hollow-leg”; “Terror,” 130, 142, 149, 158–61, 170

  Mawson’s view of, 154, 158, 161

  in Near Eastern Party, 161, 177

  clothing, 16, 37, 38, 67, 78

  in Aladdin’s Cave, 179

  of David, 62, 63, 73

  of Hurley, 137

  of Mawson, 227, 231, 289–90

  of Mertz, 210, 216–17, 218, 226, 305

  of search party, 205–6

  Clyde (ship), shipwreck of, 102–3

  coal, 76, 78, 97, 201

  discovery of, 180

  fear of shortage of, 110, 111, 119, 120, 252

  for stove, 132, 140, 254

  “Commercial Resources of Antarctica, The” (Mawson), 265

  Commission Internationale de Ravitaillement, 298

  Commonwealth Bay, 113–16, 138, 161, 181, 186, 189, 249, 277, 281, 284–85

  Aurora’s returns to, 202, 203, 207, 242, 247, 284

  Davis’s departure deadline from, 205

  walks on, 267–68

  compass, 58, 59, 81, 175, 238, 239

  conjunctivitis, 211

  continental drift, 307

  Cook, Frederick A., 156

  cooking, cooks, 98, 139, 141–42, 157, 158, 196, 216, 256

  in Aladdin’s Cave, 179

  of Jeffryes, 256, 270, 280

  of Mawson, 128, 221, 223, 229, 270

  coral atolls, 39

  cornea, 22

  Correll, Percy, 149, 203, 298, 306

  in Eastern Coastal Party, 179–82

  cotton:

  burberry, 37, 146

  japara, 173, 210

  crampons, 50–51, 73, 134, 138

  improvised, 240–43, 305

  Mawson’s throwing away of, 236, 240

  “Cremation of Sam McGee, The” (Service), 129

  crevasses, 24–30, 32–36, 137, 178, 282

  BAE and, 54, 66, 67, 75, 78, 79–80

  Far Eastern Party return and, 211, 230–33, 235–36, 241, 309

  Madigan’s Eastern Coastal Party and, 180

  Mawson’s close calls with, 230–33, 305, 311–12

  Ninnis’s close call with, 25, 27

  Ninnis’s death in, 35–36, 208–9, 211, 215, 216, 230, 231, 248, 296, 308, 309

  open vs. hidden, 24

  sledge accidents in, 27–29, 34–36, 208–9, 309

  Southern Party and, 174–75

  Western Coastal Party and, 190

  Western Party and, 166, 167

  Wild’s Eastern Coastal Party and, 194, 195, 196, 199, 209

  “crook cooks,” 128

  cyanide, 232

  Dante, 196

  David, T. W. Edgeworth, 39–40, 41, 43, 82–84, 307

  in BAE, 40, 44, 50–72, 82–83, 111, 171

  close call of, 66–67

  diary of, 60, 62, 65, 68, 73

  Mawson compared with, 43, 56

  Mawson’s correspondence with, 87

  Mawson’s homecoming and, 287

  Mawson’s irritation with, 61–64, 69, 82

  Mawson’s reconciliation with, 82

  pokiness of, 64

  Terra Nova expedition and, 87, 88

  weakness and breakdown of, 50, 65, 68–74, 76–77

  Davis, John King “Gloomy”:

  AAE and, 93–95, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 107–13, 115–23, 181–82, 187–88, 189, 198, 202–8, 242, 243, 246–52, 261, 281, 282, 284, 286–87, 291, 310

  AAE leadership assumed by, 203

  anchor failure feared by, 115

  BAE and, 44–45, 75–78

  madeira of, 117

  Mawson’s marriage and, 289–90

  Mawson’s note to, 171, 188, 202–3

  Mawson’s quarrel with, 301, 303

  on Ninnis and Mertz, 95

  three-day scout of, 206–7

  on Western Party, 122

  on Wild’s team, 198

  Davis Station, 308, 310–11

  Delprat, Francesca “Paquita,” see Mawson, Francesca Delprat

  Delprat, Guillaume Daniel, 85, 86, 90–91, 289

  Delprat, Mrs., 288, 290

  Denman Glacier, 194–95, 198

  depression, polar, 152, 156, 158, 259–60, 262, 271–72

  dip circle, see inclinometer

  dip readings, 68, 71, 175

  Discovery (ship), 46, 81, 109

  Discovery expedition (1901–04), 40, 45–50, 81, 263

  rescue plan in, 120

  ship trapped in, 109

  Wild in, 94, 118, 163, 164

  dog food, 19, 23, 32, 165, 209, 210

  loss of, 37

  doggerel, 176–77, 264–65

  dogs:

  in Amundsen’s expedition, 57

  see also huskies, Eskimo; specific dogs

  Dovers, George, 99, 196, 201, 249, 304

  in Western Coastal Party, 189–92

  Drake, Francis, 117

  dreams, 29, 31

  drinking problem, 155–56

  Drygalski, Erich D. von, 65, 108, 190, 191

  Drygalski Ice Tongue, 63, 65–66, 67, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79, 93

  Dry Valley, 59, 63

  Dumont d’Urville, Jules S.-C., 108–9, 187

  dynamite, 125, 283

  dysentery, 79, 81, 185, 222

  Eagle (ship), 104

  Earth, magnetic field of, 59, 131

  Eastern Coastal Party, of Madigan, 161, 170–71, 178–82, 184, 208, 283

  Eastern Coastal Party, of Wild, 189, 193–200, 208, 209

  Denman Glacier and, 194–95, 198

  discovery missed by, 198–99

  dogs with, 193–99

  sledge disappearance and, 193–94

  Echinodermata Ophiuroidea (Koehler), 300

  Eckford, Miss, 291, 292

  Edward VII, King of England, 82, 144, 152, 175

  eggs, penguin, 191

  Elephant Island, refugees on, 118, 302

  Ellora (clipper ship), 38
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  “empties,” 111

  Endeavour (ship), 298–99

  Enderby Land, 93

  Endurance, The (Alexander), 302

  Endurance (Lansing), 300

  Endurance expedition (Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition; 1914–17), 118, 274, 289, 299, 300, 302

  engineering, 39, 40

  England, 18, 38, 274, 294, 298, 299

  David’s visit to, 83

  diet in, 225

  Madigan in, 151

  Mawson in, 86–88, 91, 96, 290, 294–96, 298, 299

  Shackleton’s return to, 82, 88–89

  entertainment, 117

  at Western Base, 166

  wintering over and, 56–57, 127, 129–30, 144–45, 267–68

  Erebus, Mount, 50–56

  BAE ascent of, 50–55

  BAE descent of, 55

  crater of, 53–54

  Evans, Frederick Pryce, 75–78

  Everest, Mount, 139, 312

  exploration, 18–19, 32

  headmaster’s prophecy about, 39

  see also specific expeditions

  Far Eastern Party, 15–37, 179, 202–46, 251, 289

  ambition of, 19, 29, 33, 171

  Aurora’s three-day scout for, 206–7

  crevasse accidents of, 27–29, 34–36, 208–9, 211, 215, 216, 230–33, 305

  delay in return of, 181, 182, 187–88, 202–7

  discouragements of first week of, 19–20

  discoveries made by, 32

  Jarvis’s recreation of, 308–12

  preserving the memory of, 234

  search party for, 205–6, 229, 240–42

  selection of teammates for, 95

  Southern Party compared with, 171–72

  speed expectations for, 26, 30–31

  tragedy of, 35–37, 161, 170, 171, 188, 208–9, 211, 223–26

  weight of impedimenta of, 19

  Farthest North, 83

  Farthest South, 45, 118

  film packs, discarding of, 215, 226

  finnesko, 50–51, 68, 240, 306

  5-mile Depot, 156, 178

  Flannery, Nancy Robinson, 86

  Flinders Ranges, 84

  flying fox (aerial tramway), 106, 116, 122

  flying foxes, 41

  Fogg, Gordon E., 301

  food, 16, 138, 254

  in BAE, 51, 52, 56, 63–72, 76–81

  biscuit, 172, 173, 215, 217, 220–21, 243, 309

  blancmange, 128

  broth and soup, 221, 223, 229, 309

  butter, 173, 212, 309

  at Cape Denison, 139, 140–41, 144–45

  chocolate, 141, 173, 217, 237, 238

  Christmas, 175, 192, 215–16

  cocoa, 173, 212, 217, 223, 237, 309

  depots of, 172, 175, 176, 180, 181, 188, 192, 193

  doggerel about, 176–77

  in Far Eastern Party return, 209, 210, 212, 214–29, 231, 234–43

  fruit, 186–87, 241–42

  hoosh, 46, 52, 77, 136, 172–73, 309

  kangaroo jerky, 309

  liver, 224–25

  menu planning and, 69, 140, 144–45, 175

  mutton, 103, 106, 140

  in New Hebrides, 41

  pemmican, 52, 172, 214, 217, 239, 243, 309

  penguins, see penguins, meat

  seal, see seal meat

  on ship, 44–97, 98

  see also dog food; rations; seal meat

  Fort Street Public School, 39

  Framheim base, 48, 122, 123

  France, 296, 297, 298

  Franklin (dog), 19

  Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 296

  French expedition (1840), 108–9

  Freshfield, Douglas, 32, 180, 295

  frostbite, 54, 70, 114, 133, 146–47, 149, 306

  Far Eastern Party return and, 220, 222

  Fuchs, Vivian, 312

  fuel, 37

  depots of, 172, 175, 180, 188

  see also coal

  fumaroles, 54

  Funafuti, 39

  Fusilier (dog), 27

  Gadget (dog), 19, 21, 131

  Gallipoli, 297, 298

  gas, 92

  Gauss (ship), 108, 109

  Gaussberg, 108, 189–90, 191

  gear, for mountain climbing, 50–51

  gear and supplies, AAE:

  Aurora overloaded with, 97

  depot of, 20

  discarding of, 215, 226, 236

  distribution among sledges of, 23, 32–33, 35

  last sledging expedition and, 282–83

  missing, 124

  rescue of, 27–28, 124

  Toroa’s carrying of, 97

  unloading of, 114–17, 122

  weight of, 19

  geology, 86, 184, 278, 281, 300

  of Australian outback, 43

  BAE and, 50, 54, 55, 58, 67–68

  David’s work in, 39–40

  Mawson’s study of, 39, 43

  of New Hebrides, 41

  at University of Adelaide, 43

  George (dog), 34, 210

  George V, King of England, 274, 288, 290, 296

  Gerlache, Adrien de, 156, 262

  German expedition (1902), 108, 190, 191–92

  German language, 16, 129

  Germany, 297, 299

  Ginger (dog), 23, 27, 30, 131, 212, 213, 215, 217–18

  Ginger Bitch (dog), 19, 25, 131

  glaciers, glaciation, 23–25, 33, 110

  in Antarctica vs. mountain ranges, 24

  David’s exposure to, 40

  Mawson’s interest in, 42–43

  in South Australia, 42–43

  Western Base site selection and, 120–23

  see also crevasses; snow bridges; specific glaciers

  Glacier Tongue, 81

  glare, 22

  Glaxo, 173, 220–21, 243

  glissading, 55

  God, 211, 233

  goggles, 22, 70, 72, 176

  gold mines, 84–85, 87, 89

  golf, 166

  Grandmother (dog), 131

  Granite Harbour, 63

  Gray, Percy, 117, 204–5

  on carousing, 116

  on coal, 120

  on Davis, 115, 119

  on Ninnis, 98–99, 117

  on ship cook, 98

  Great Britain, 97, 199, 299

  intelligence of, 143

  see also England; London

  Greenland Inuit, 225

  gulls, skua, 191

  guns, 215, 229, 273

  Haddelsey, Stephen, 258

  Haldane (dog), 212, 214–15

  Hannam, Walter “Baby Bliss”; “Fat Boy,” 145, 149, 298

  on bathing, 142

  hut guarded by, 170

  radio communications and, 131–32, 147–48, 153–54, 185, 203, 246–47, 255

  snoring of, 128

  weight of, 130, 147

  Harrisson, Charles, 103–5, 122, 163, 166, 169, 192–200

  Aurora’s arrival and, 249, 251

  death of, 298–99

  in Eastern Coastal Party, 193–200

  Moyes’s concerns about, 197–98

  Hasselborough Bay, 100, 103

  Haswell Island, 190–91

  Hayes, J. Gordon, 301

  Heart of the Antarctic, The (Shackleton), 50, 60

  David’s appendices to, 55, 66–67, 74

  Heinemann, William, 299

  heroic age (1897–1917), 18, 162, 299, 301, 306

  “hike,” 31

  Hillary, Edmund, 312

  Hippo Depot, 192, 193–94, 196

  Hoadley, Archibald, 99, 114, 167, 168

  in Western Coastal Party, 189–92

  Hobart, 19, 94, 97, 153, 281, 282, 298

  Aurora’s return to, 110, 120, 122, 123, 252, 253, 287

  hockey, 166

  Hodgeman, Alfred “Uncle Alfy”; “Bouncing Bertie,” 125, 130, 170, 203–6, 254–55, 263, 291

  getting lost of, 138

  in last sledging journey, 282–84
r />   in search party, 205–6, 240–42

  selected for second wintering over, 203–5

  in Western Party, 182–88

  Holyman, Tom “Roaring Tom,” 97–98, 99

  Home of the Blizzard, The (Mawson), 25–29, 31, 34–35, 60, 139, 153, 255

  air-tractor breakdown in, 182–83

  coal discovery in, 180

  diary compared with, 153

  Far Eastern Party return in, 211, 212, 221, 232–35, 241

  foibles and quirks in, 150

  Hodgeman-Madigan blizzard experience in, 138

  homecoming in, 287

  Jeffryes’s madness in, 293

  Macquarie Island in, 170

  map of, 93

  McLean’s help with, 298

  meals described in, 140

  narrative conundrum in, 169–70

  publication of, 299

  Southern Party accomplishments in, 178

  Western Coastal Party in, 192

  Western Party achievements in, 187

  hoosh, 46, 52, 77, 136, 172–73, 309

  Hound of the Baskervilles, The (Doyle), 260, 272

  Howchin, Walter, 42–43

  Humboldt Mountains, 184

  Hungary, 87

  gold mines in, 84–85, 87, 89

  Hunter, John, 124, 143, 145, 149, 170, 298, 304

  on Bage, 171, 297

  on bathing, 142

  on Close, 158–59

  on gramophone, 129

  Mawson criticized by, 151

  Southern Party and, 170, 172

  on Whetter, 156

  Huntford, Roland, 45–46, 47, 80, 82, 87, 299

  Hurley, Frank “Hoyle,” 100–106, 146, 149, 205–8, 273, 302

  Antarctica arrival of, 112–13

  background of, 101

  close call of, 137, 138

  in crevasse, 174–75

  darkroom of, 127

  doggerel of, 176–77

  in Endurance expedition, 289, 302

  on hut erection, 125, 127

  memoir of, 303

  nickname of, 130

  practical jokes of, 101, 127, 142, 159–60

  as raconteur, 143

  in search party, 205–6, 240–42

  self-inflicted traverse of, 103–5

  in Southern Party, 171–81

  Hurley, Mrs., 102

  huskies, Eskimo, 19–25, 27–37, 171, 208–15, 217–18, 282

  Amundsen’s donation of, 254, 256–57

  attempts to stay warm of, 134–35

  at Cape Denison, 130, 131, 134–35, 254, 256–57

  death of, 19, 95, 112, 165

  food for, 19, 23, 32, 131, 165, 209, 210, 212, 257

  humans’ eating of, 37, 210, 212, 214–19, 224–25, 226, 236, 238, 309

  litter of pups eaten by, 20–21

  lost, 27

  as mirage, 187–88

  naming of, 19, 131

  running away of, 20, 23, 27, 165, 193

  shooting of, 19, 23, 27, 95, 199, 212, 215

  transport of, 19, 94, 95, 99, 106, 112, 130–31, 165, 252

  weakening of, 30, 35, 165, 211–15

  in Wild’s Eastern Coastal Party, 193–99

  Hutchinson (Macquarie sealer), 103–5

  hut design, 125, 126, 163

 

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