Canis lupus hattai—an extinct species from the Japanese island of Hokkaido
Canis lupus hodophilax—an extinct species from the other Japanese islands
Canis lupus lupus—the common wolf of Europe and forested Russia
Canis lupus pallipes—a small wolf from India and the Middle East
Other authorities might have added Canis lupus arabs, a small, light-colored wolf from southern Arabia, which Sokolov and Rossolimo regarded as a synonym of pallipes; Canis lupus lupaster, in Egypt, which many authorities regard as a subspecies of Canis aureus, the golden jackal; and Canis lupus communis, from the Ural Mountains of Russia and Siberia.
Nowak suggested combining campestris, chanco, and desertorum with lupus. His analysis would also recognize pallipes, cubanensis, albus, communis, and hattai. He did not analyze arabs, lupaster, or hodophilax.
Key to Map 1: New World subspecies of Canis lupus recognized by Hall (1981):
alces
arctos
baileyi
beothucus
bernardi
columbianus
crassodon
fuscus
griseoalbus
hudsonicus
irremotus
labradorius
ligoni
lycaon
mackenzii
manningi
mogollonensis
monstrabilis
nubilus
occidentalis
orion
pambasileus
tundrarum
youngi
Key to Map 2: New World subspecies of Canis lupus as suggested by Ronald Nowak (1992):
arctos
baileyi
lycaon
nubilus
occidentalis
Key to Map 3. Old World subspecies of Canis lupus recognized by Sokolov and Rossolimo and others:
albus
campestris
chanco
cubanensis
desertorum
hattai
hodophilax
lupus
pallipes
arabs
lupaster
communis
Maps based on Ronald Nowak (1992), redrawn by Peter Steinhart by permission of Ronald Nowak (1992).
The Company of Wolves Page 44
