by Mark Zuehlke
12. Adams, 24–30.
13. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst,” 206.
14. Count Gallatin, ed., The Diary of James Gallatin: Secretary to Albert Gallatin—A Great Peace Maker, 1813–1827 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), 30.
15. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst,” 208.
16. State Papers, on the Negotiation and Peace with America, 1814, 45–50.
17. Adams, 31.
18. Ibid., 31–33.
19. State Papers, on the Negotiation and Peace with America, 1814, 50–57.
20. Ford, 132.
21. “1814 July–Dec, To Lord Gambier, Henry Goulburn, and William Adams from British Foreign Office,” Foreign Office fonds B-2003, vol. 102, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
22. Adams, 36.
23. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst,” 213.
24. “Letters from Lord Liverpool to Earl Bathurst: August 9th to December 30th, 1814,” Lord Bathurst Papers, Reel H-2091, vol. A 8, MG 24, Library and Archives Canada, 173–74.
25. Francis Bickley, ed., Report on the Manuscripts of Earl Bathurst (London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1923), 288–89.
TWENTY-FIVE: SHIFTING STANCES
1. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst: August 9th to December 30th, 1814,” Lord Bathurst Papers, Reel H-2091, vol. A 8, MG 24, Library and Archives Canada, 209–10.
2. Reginald Horsman, The War of 1812 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969), 225–29.
3. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst,” 209.
4. Ibid., 210.
5. State Papers, on the Negotiation and Peace with America, 1814 (London: Sherwood, Neely and Jones, 1815), 58–60.
6. Charles Francis Adams, ed., Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, vol. 3 (Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1969), 36–38.
7. Count Gallatin, ed., The Diary of James Gallatin: Secretary to Albert Gallatin—A Great Peace Maker, 1813–1827 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), 31–32.
8. State Papers, on the Negotiation and Peace with America, 1814, 61–68.
9. Fred L. Engelman, The Peace of Christmas Eve (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1962), 195–96.
10. Adams, 45.
11. Henry Adams, The Life of Albert Gallatin (New York: Peter Smith, 1943), 532–33.
12. Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed., Writings of John Quincy Adams: Volume V—1814–1816 (New York: Greenwood Press, 1968), 149–51.
13. James F. Hopkins, ed., The Papers of Henry Clay: Volume 1—The Rising Statesman, 1797–1814 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1959), 982.
14. “1814 July–Dec, To Lord Gambier, Henry Goulburn, and William Adams from British Foreign Office,” Foreign Office fonds B-2003, vol. 102, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
15. Bradford Perkins, Castlereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812–1823 (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), 95.
16. Duke of Wellington, ed., Supplementary Dispatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington, K.G., vol. 9 (London: John Murray, 1862), 290.
17. Ibid., 298.
18. “1814 July–Dec, To Lord Gambier, Henry Goulburn, and William Adams,” n.p.
19. State Papers, on the Negotiation and Peace with America, 1814, 68–74.
20. Ibid., 74–78.
21. Charles Francis Adams, 50–53.
22. Ibid., 56.
23. Ralph Ketcham, James Madison: A Biography (New York: Macmillan, 1971), 591.
24. Irving Brant, James Madison: Commander in Chief, 1812–1836 (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1961), 333.
25. Ibid., 335.
26. Ibid., 329–331.
27. Ketcham, 593.
28. Robert Allen Rutland, The Presidency of James Madison (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1990), 179.
29. Wellington, 367.
30. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst,” 227.
31. Charles Francis Adams, 57.
32. State Papers, on the Negotiation and Peace with America, 1814, 81–82.
TWENTY-SIX: A GAME OF BRAG
1. Charles Francis Adams, ed., Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, vol. 3 (Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1969), 60.
2. Ibid., 61–62.
3. Brian Jenkins, Henry Goulburn, 1784–1856: A Political Biography (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996), 85.
4. Duke of Wellington, ed., Supplementary Dispatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington, K.G., vol. 9 (London: John Murray, 1862), 404–5.
5. Adams, 60–67.
6. Wellington, 427.
7. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst: August 9th to December 30th, 1814,” Lord Bathurst Papers, Reel H-2091, vol. A 8, MG 24, Library and Archives Canada, 232–35.
8. Wellington, 438.
9. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst,” 236–39.
10. Adams, 70.
11. Ibid., 71–75.
12. Count Gallatin, ed., The Diary of James Gallatin: Secretary to Albert Gallatin—A Great Peace Maker, 1813–1827 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), 34.
13. Adams, 76–78.
14. Frank A. Updyke, The Diplomacy of the War of 1812 (Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1965), 321.
15. Adams, 75.
16. Ibid., 79.
17. Bradford Perkins, Castlereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812–1823 (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), 123.
18. Adams, 89–90.
19. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst,” 240–42.
20. Adams, 94–104.
21. Ibid., 105–12.
22. Updyke, 349–50.
23. “Letters from Henry Goulburn to Earl Bathurst,” 249–50.
24. Adams, 119–27.
25. Henry Adams, ed., The Writings of Albert Gallatin (New York: Antiquarian Press, 1960), 645–47.
26. James F. Hopkins, ed., The Papers of Henry Clay: Volume 1—The Rising Statesman, 1797–1814 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1959), 1007–8.
TWENTY-SEVEN: THE BLESSING OF PEACE
1. Bradford Perkins, Castlereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812–1823 (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), 129–30.
2. Worthington Chauncey Ford, ed., Writings of John Quincy Adams: Volume V—1814–1816 (New York: Greenwood Press, 1968), 255.
3. Donald R. Hickey, The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 206.
4. A. T. Mahan, Sea Power in its Relation to the War of 1812, vol. 2 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1905), 389–90.
5. Reginald Horsman, The War of 1812 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969), 238.
6. Mahan, 390.
7. Horsman, 238–39.
8. Ibid., 239–40.
9. Hickey, 207.
10. Horsman, 240–42.
11. Hickey, 210.
12. Horsman, 245.
13. Hickey, 207.
14. Horsman, 246–48.
15. Charles Francis Adams, ed., Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, vol. 3 (Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1969), 138.
16. Ibid., 138–39.
17. Ford, 267.
18. Ibid., 268.
19. Adams, 144–45.
20. Theodore Roosevelt, The Naval War of 1812 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1882), 358–69.
21. Irving Brant, James Madison: Commander in Chief, 1812–1836 (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1961), 360.
22. Philip S. Klein, ed., “Memoirs of a Senator from Pennsylvania: Jonathan Roberts, 1771–1854,” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 62 (1938): 377.
23. Brant, 369.
EPILOGUE: HONOUR PRESERVED
1. “Address of Boston Federalists, February 27, 1815,” Boston Gazette (Supplement), March 2, 1815, n.p.
2. Donald R. Hickey, The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 307.
3. Bradford Perkins, Castlereagh and Adams: England and the United States, 1812–1823 (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), 134.
4. Fred L. Engelman, The Peace of Christmas Eve (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1962), 295.
5. Henry Adams, The Life of Albert Gallatin (New York: Peter Smith, 1943), 678.
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