on Amy Dudley's death, 205
on Elizabeth's involvement with Dudley, 180-81, 209 De Spes (Spanish ambassador), 266 de Vere, Edward, 17th earl of Oxford,
267, 372 Devereux, Walter, 1st earl of Essex,
386 Devon, riots in, 95 Dormer, Jane, 59 Dorset, marchioness of, 21 Dorset, riots in, 95 Douai college, 334 double rose nobles, 275 Douglas, Margaret, countess of
Lennox, 217, 221, 262 Drake, Sir Francis, 322-23
Cadiz raided by, 365
circumnavigation of globe by, 322
as pirate, 322-23, 339, 340
Spaniards' fear of, 367
in Spanish-English war, 368, 374 Dreadful Dead Man prophecy,
354-55 Dudley, Ambrose, earl of Warwick, 128, 281 marriage of, 263 Dudley, Amy Robsart, 104 death of, 191-98, 205, 212, 257 funeral of, 196-97 Dudley, Catherine, 208 Dudley, Guildford, 104-5, 12 8, 203 Dudley, John, duke of
Northumberland, 50-51, 60, 80, 97-98, 100-101, 115, 203 ascent of, 93-95 fall of, 104-6 Dudley, John, John Dudley's eldest son, 102, 104, 128
Dudley, Robert "Robin," earl of Leicester, 206, 237, 286, 291, 301, 321, 322, 326, 340, 350,
394 in abortive attempt to capture
Mary, 106 ambition of, 187, 191, 198, 207,
258, 298, 342 Catholics aided by, 333 conspiracy of, 243-44, 2 6o death of, 382
descriptions of, 180, 217, 342 Douglas Sheffield and, 262, 266-67,
303 Elizabeth's anger at, 257-58, 303,
329, 342, 350-52, 371 as Elizabeth's childhood
companion, 50-51, 104 Elizabeth's denial of affair with,
209, 210 Elizabeth's involvement with,
180-84, 187, 190-99, 205,
215-17, 256-60 Elizabeth's trust in, 210, 255, 260,
342 ennoblement of, 216-17 Essex advanced by, 386 as governor of Netherlands, 343,
345, 350 household of, 343
Huntingdon supported by, 208, 216 imprisonments of, 128, 303, 315 infidelities of, 257-58, 260, 262,
266-67, 303, 342 jealousy of, 296, 299, 327 Kenilworth as home of, 216, 279 Lettice Knollys and, 257-58, 260,
303, 314, 342, 350-51, 371 marriages of, 104, 303, 315 as master of the horse, 180, 186-87 match with Mary Stuart offered to,
211-17, 220-21 military experience of, 341, 352-53,
372, 374 in Netherlands, 341-45, 352-53 Philip II approached by, 198 Pickering as rival of, 188 plots against, 190, 371 Puritans favored by, 311 scandalous gossip about, 180-84,
190-98, 205, 212, 257-59,
266-67, 355, 37i son of, 371
Dudley, Robert "Robin," earl of Leicester, continued suspected of murdering John
Sheffield, 266-67 suspected of murdering wife,
191-98, 205, 212, 257, 266 as Tilbury commander, 371-72 Durham, rebellion in, 235-38, 244-50
earthquakes, 356 East Anglia:
Elizabeth's progress to, 290
rebellion in, 95 economy, economic issues:
agrarian, 94, 100
cloth manufacturing and, 23, 278
"enclosure" and, 94
Parliament's management of, 253
piracy and, 323
rebellions caused by, 98, 354, 397
wartime, 393-94
weakness of, 185-86, 278
weaving industry and, 278 Edinburgh, Treaty of, 202 Edward III, king of England, 209 Edward IV, king of England, 112 Edward VI, king of England (Prince Edward), 47, 52, 54, 81, 97-98, 100, 186, 277
accession of, 59-60, 66
attempted abduction of, 84
betrothed to Mary Stuart, 68
birth and christening of, 41
court of, 66, 67, 92-93
description of, 66
education of, 55, 67, 97
as Elizabeth's brother, 47, 96, 101
final illness of, 103-5
horoscope of, 103
household of, 67
superstition about, 355 Effingham, Charles Howard, baron of,
see Howard, Charles Elizabeth, 187 Elizabeth I, queen of England:
accession of, 167-68
accession anniversaries of, 273-74, 283, 403-4
affectionate behavior of, 181, 183, 215-16, 217, 257-59, 268, 295-96, 326-27
aging resented by, 261-65
ale enjoyed by, 286
Elizabeth I, queen of England, continued arrogance of, 389 assassination attempts on, 302,
356-59, 395, 404 birth and christening of, 18-21 character of, 146-47, 162, 173-74,
181, 184, 193, 218, 221, 231,
251, 383 charisma of, 59, 110, 173, 177,
181,389 clothing of, 92-93, 100, 177, 186,
218, 231, 324, 346-47, 374,
383-84, 389, 399 coronation of, 163, 168-69, i77 _ 79 cosmetics used by, 345-46 courage of, 276, 286, 302, 344 cult of, 275-76, 210 as dancer, 219-20, 226, 267, 268,
304, 309, 390, 401 death of, 405-7 as Deborah (biblical comparison),
168, 179, 310 denounced for persecuting
Catholics, 337-38, 390 descriptions of, 31, 58-59, 92-93,
146-47, 149, 179, 218, 252, 261,
276, 345, 384, 403 diet of, 38, 45, 224, 281 education of, 42, 45-48, 55-58, 69,
74-77 as Edward's sister, 47, 96, 101 eloquence of, 76-77, 124, 178-79,
232, 255, 278, 283, 330, 349,
374-75, 399 excommunication of, 274 father resembled by, 147-48, 162,
172, 174, 177, 193-94, 255, 268,
372-73, 390 fertility question and, 205, 252,
263, 297, 307, 41772, 4i8n gardens enjoyed by, 282 gifts given to, 226, 293, 304, 305,
327 handwriting of, 76, 99, 405 as head of church, 309-10 health of, 21-22, 26, 77, 114, 116-19, 136, 140, 147, 187, 205, 213, 252-53, 263-64, 275, 297,
338-39, 385, 404-7 homes of, 38, 40, 74, 98-100, 113,
222-27, 383, 405 horoscope of, 207, 236, 356
Elizabeth I, queen of England,
continued as horsewoman, 202, 400, 402-4 as huntress, 192, 280, 290, 302,
403-4 infancy of, 20-22, 25-26 intelligence of, 42, 55, 57, 76-77,
153, 221, 265, 400 interrogated for treason, 86-90 jewelry of, 231, 276, 304, 305, 389 "king's evil" healing ritual of, 280 legendary aspects of, 382-83 legitimacy of, 25, 29, 32-33, 50,
148, 157-158, 170, 195 as linguist, 47, 56-57, 76-77, 147,
153, 214, 390 marriage rejected by, 51, 156, 182,
188, 194, 205, 215, 265 matches proposed for, 26, 40-50,
61, 112-13, 1 54- 15 5—58, 160,
187-91, 263, 295 messengers of, 223 mother's reputation and, 25, 36-37,
41, 46, 50, 70, 110, 113, 148,
195, 268 as musician, 7-, 219, 390 Netherlands sovereignty refused by,
343 in old age, 383-85, 388-90, 395,
390-407 parsimony of, 184, 227, 278, 352,
394 paternity of, 32-34, 113, 148,
157-58- 195 pet names chosen bv, 295, 304,
387
plots against, 190, 207, 235-44, 274. 357-58> 3^0, 363, 371, 395^8
as politician, 153, 172-75, 185,
243 Pope Gregory's condemnation of,
318-19, 335 popularity of, 122, 130, 132,
150-51, 154, 251, 273, 275-76,
358, 374 portrait of, 58-59, 130 prayers composed by, 163, 283 prerogatives of, 253, 372 Presence Chamber of, 382 priy chamber of, 345 progresses of, 186, 224, 274,
27^-94- 399
Elizabeth I, queen of England, continued as Protestant symbol, 168, 179,
275- 3io quoted, 41-42, 124, 134, 163, 178-79, 251, 255, 278, 283, 330,
3"4-~5> 399 religious views of, 48, 93, 100, 110,
112, 139, 145-46, 162, 168 rights of, 17, 22, 15--55, 160, 168 as ruler, 241, 251, 274, 275,
372-73, 383, 389-90 scandalous gossip about, 70-71,
88-89, 180-84, i9°- 258-59.
266-70, 296, 349, 355 sense of humor of, 265 servants chosen for, 25, 37-42, 91,
123, 136-37, 151-52, 155 sexuality of, -1, 147, 173, 181, 190,
194, 266-69, 383 shrewdness of, 86^50, 96, 124, 22
1,
389 smallpox suffered by, 206-10, 218,
252, 263 succession question urged on,
212-13, 242 superstitiousness of, 252, 276, 362 swearing of, 231, 251, 262, 309, 329 symbolic marriage of, 326-29 temper of, 251, 258, 262, 264, 286,
301, 329, 338, 351, 3S3, 391 Tilbury speech of, 374-75 in Tower, 122-32 ulcerous leg of, 263-64, 385 vanity of, 218, 251, 257, 261-62,
264, 388-89 vengefulness of, 175, 303, 313, 315 virginity question and, 70, 79, 82,
89, 181, 209, 327, 383 waiting women of, 261-64, 267,
345-47. 350 weaning of, 25-26 Woodstock imprisonment of,
132-41, 283 work habits of, 225, 287, 345 see also specific persons and topics Elvetham, Elizabeth's visit to, 292^3 Emmanuel Philibert. duke of Savoy,
156, 158, 162 enclosure, 94, 95 England:
Calais issue and, 158, 162, 169-70, 185, 206, 328
England, continued
claimants to throne of, 17, 34, 59,
97, 103-4, 157-58, 160, 161,
168, 170, 200, 202-3, 207-9,
217, 360-61 in 1580s, 354-57 Hapsburgs' pursuit of alliance with,
189-90, 204 Huguenots supported by, 206, 275 Ireland's conflicts with, 318-19,
381-82, 396, 404 Italian influence on manners of,
230-31 Netherlands rebellion supported by,
298^9, 304, 319, 324-25, 339,
341-45, 352-53 New World interests of, 322 Scotland's conflicts with, 68, 81,
161, 201-2, 250, 360-61, 403 Spain as ally of, 170, 173-74, 184,
185
Spain's war with, 364-77, 381, 391
Spanish money confiscated by, 242, 322, 323, 339
Sweden as viewed by, 189
war preparations of, 367-68 England, Church of, see Reformation,
English epidemics:
of smallpox, 206
in Spain and Portugal, 365
of sweating sickness, 15, 98
of typhus, 376
see also plague Erasmus of Rotterdam, 56, 58
on children, 44-45
on laughter, 46 Eric XIV, king of Sweden, 160,
188-89 Escorial, 319-20
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of, 386-88
conspiracy of, 395-98
execution of, 397-98
marriage of, 387 Essex, Walter Devereux, 1st earl of, 386
Faenza, bishop of, 27
farthingales, French vs. English style
of, 229 fashion, see clothing fencing, 226
Fenton, Geoffrey, 377
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor,
183, 189, 191 Feria, Count, 160-62, 171, 173-75,
186, 204, 214, 41772 on Elizabeth, 162, 174, 180, 184 fireworks, at Kenilworth, 281 First Blast of the Trumpet Against the
Monstrous Regiment of Women
(Knox), 176 Fisher, John, bishop of Rochester,
129 Fitzhugh, Elizabeth, 53 Fitzroy, Henry, natural son of Henry VIII:
death of, 34
illegitimacy of, 13, 17, 24 Fitzroy, Mary Howard, 66 Five Wounds of Christ, as symbol of
rebels, 236, 237, 245 Flanders, 338
English cloth trade with, 23
rumors about Henry in, 15
Spanish in, 242, 344 fleas, courtiers troubled by, 224 food:
division of, at court, 224, 281-82
preparation of, 292
for progresses, 286-87, 292
storage of, 365, 369
table manners and, 45-46 Fortescue, John, 135 fortune-telling, 226 Foxe, John, 127 France:
Calais issue and, 158, 162, 169-70, 185, 206, 328
English support of Huguenots in, 206, 275
fashions of, 12, 186, 229
Guise regency in, 201, 241-42
plots backed by, 81, 110, 114-15,
239 Reformation in, 206, 298 religious conflicts in, 206, 269,
274-75, 298, 321 scandals and gossip in, 320 Scotland's ties with, 68, 170, 201,
239, 299 as Spain's feeble ally, 344 Sweden's hope for alliance with,
189
Francis I, king of France, 13, 26, 266
Francis II, king of France, 170, 20]
202
Frederick III, king of Denmark, 156 Fresneda (Mary I's confessor), 157-58 Frobisher, Sir Martin, 322 Fuller, Mr., 309
Gage, John, 119, 130, 137
galliard (dance), 349
gambling, 226, 309
Gaping Gulf pamphlet, 306-7, 311,
Gardiner, Stephen, bishop of
Winchester, 34, 94, 108, 111, 120-25, 131-32
Gascoigne, George, 282-83
gentlemen ushers, duties of, 285
Ghent, Pacification of, 343
Ghent, Spanish capture of, 344
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 322
Glasse of the Synnefull Soule, The (Marguerite de Navarre), 57
Golden Hag, 343
Golden Rose, 343
gossip, see scandals and gossip
Grafton, progress to, 286
Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot, Cardinal, 32, 185
Great Harry, 393
"great ladies," 345~47> 35°
Green, Barthlet, 152
Gregory, Saint, 41-42
Gregory XIII, Pope, 318-19, 335
Grey, Catherine:
imprisonment of, 204, 254 marriage of, 204-5, 2 54> 2 9 2 succession claims of, 203-4, 2 °8
Grey, Jane, 65, 77, 79, 80, 93, 111, 203 attempted accession of, 104-6, 117 execution of, 128-29 intelligence of, 58
Grey, Lord (military leader), 202, 374
Grey, Lord Thomas, 130
Grey, Mary, 203, 254
Grindal, Edmund, archbishop of Canterbury, 311
Grindal, William, 55-56, 58, 69
Guildford, Henry, 15
Guise, Francois, 2nd duke of, 201
Guise, Henry, 3rd duke of, 344
Gustavus Vasa, king of Sweden, 160
hairstyles, 93, 229
men's, 228-29, 309, 382
Puritan, 309 Hampshire, riots in, 95 Hampton Court, 147, 252, 383
architecture of, 222
clock at, 293
household at, 222-27
life at, 222-32
sanitary conditions at, 223-24 handwriting:
art of, 47-48
of Elizabeth, 76, 99, 405 Hapsburg dynasty:
English alliance pursued by, 189-90, 204
Mary I supported by, 101
power of, 298 harbingers, progress duties of, 285,
290 Harington, John, 395, 405 Hartlepool, seized by rebels, 247 Hastings, Henry, earl of Huntingdon,
208, 216 Hatfield, 151-54
description of, 40
Elizabeth's acquisition and management of, 98-100
Kat Ashley arrested at, 154
poaching at, 38-39, 40 Hatton, Christopher, 213, 322, 347, 350, 352, 358-59, 394
death of, 382
Elizabeth and, 267-68, 294, 314,
327-28
home of, 289, 294 Heath, Nicholas, archbishop of York,
161, 169, 171 Heneage, Thomas, 257-58 Henry II, king of England, 132-33 Henry V, king of England, 279 Henry VIII, king of England, father
of Elizabeth I, 11, 30, 66, 112, 129, 143, 168, 170, 208, 236, 277 character of, 14, 44, 52 criticism of, 15, 35-36 death of, 59-60 descriptions of, 14, 44 divorces of, 13, 14, 20, 49, 120 Elizabeth compared to, 147-48,
162, 172, 174, 177, i93^4> 2 55, 268, 37 2 "73, 390
Henry VIII, king of England, father of Elizabeth I, continued excommunication of, 15, 22-23 as father, 25, 29, 33-34, 41, 43-44,
61-62, 179 health of, 28, 44, 52 as husband, 16, 49, 61 infidelities of, 15-16, 17, 27 jewelry of, 393
marriages of, 14, 35, 48-49, 52 palaces of, 147, 188, 222 son wanted by, 13, 18-20, 27 will of, 81, 93, 103, 148, 203, 217,
254 Henry II, king of France, 158, 185,
201 Henry III, king of France, 295, 297,
298, 324, 328 character of, 263 Elizabeth rejected by, 263-64,
266 Henry IV, king of France (Henry of
229-30, 243 Herbert, Henry, 203, 208 Herbert, William, earl of Pembroke,
102, 198, 203, 208, 254-55,
conspiracy of, 243-44 heretics, execution of, 54, 143-44,
148, 168, 320-21 Hertford, earl of, see Seymour,
Edward Holdenby, 289, 294 Holland, rebellion in, 343-44 homosexuality, 263 household, royal: of Edward VI, 67 at Hampton Court, 222-27 of Princess Elizabeth, 25, 37-39,
99-100 privy chamber attendants in,
345-47 progress duties of, 285-88 Howard, Catherine, 49-50, 243 Howard, Charles, baron of Effingham,
366, 368, 375, 385, 387, 392 Howard, Elizabeth Stafford, duchess
of Norfolk, 13 Howard, Thomas II, 3rd duke of
Norfolk, 12-13, *6, 23, 27,
43-44, 50, 115
Howard, Thomas III, 4th duke of Norfolk, 160, 190, 196, 202, 208, 210, 254, 257-59, 366
conspiracies of, 243-44, 2 5 2 > 2 74
execution of, 274, 314
Mary Stuart engaged to, 235, 243
power of, 243 Howard, William, 120, 122, 154 Howe, Margaret, 152 Huguenots, 298
English support for, 206, 275 Huick, Dr., 78 humanism, Catholic, 56 Hunsdon, 40
poaching at, 38-39 Hunsdon, Henry Carey, 1st Baron, 209, 216, 238
death of, 403
as military leader, 250-51, 372 Hunsdon, 2nd Baron, 403 hunting, 192, 226, 290, 291
Elizabeth's enjoyment of, 192, 280, 290, 302, 403-4
illegal, 38-39, 40
at Kenilworth, 279, 280 Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, earl of,
208, 216 Hussey, John, 32, 34
II Schifanoya (Venetian ambassador),
180 Indians, Spanish treatment of, 320 Innings Park, 40
Inquisition, Spanish, 156, 320-21 Ireland:
rebellions in, 318-19, 321, 340,
381-82, 396, 404 Scottish aid to, 321 Spanish aid to, 381-82, 396,
399-400, 404 Tyrone's rebellion in, 381-82, 396, 404 Isocrates, 76
Italy, English manners influenced by, 230-31
James I, king of England (James VI of Scotland), 388, 397-98, 403, 407
birth of, 239
marriage of, 406
regency of, 240, 359
succession claims of, 360-61, 363
James V, king of Scotland, 17, 170 Jerningham, Henry, 119 Jesuit Order, 336 jewelry:
of Elizabeth, 231, 276, 304, 305,
389
of Henry VIII, 393
of {Catherine of Aragon, 13, 14
men's, 228, 263, 382, 393
royal, sale of, 393-94 Joash, king of Judah, 311 John of Gaunt, 279 jousting, 274, 404
The first Elizabeth Page 56
